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i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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Biomaterial Strategies for Immune System Enhancement and Tissue Healing
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A Critical Review on Biodiesel Production, Process Parameters, Properties, Comparison and Challenges
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Volume 7 Issue 4 May - July 2012

Article

Planning And Designing Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Facilities In Baghdads’ Hospitals

Hassanain Ali Lafta Mossa*

Student, M.Sc. Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Mossa , H. A. L. (2012). Planning And Designing Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Facilities In Baghdads' Hospitals. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4),1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1872

Abstract

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a clinically valuable medical imaging modality due to its exceptional soft-tissue contrast. Increased use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI scanners for medical diagnosis in hospitals, clinics, and freestanding facilities heightens the need for consideration of the structural and safety requirements for this equipment. The objective of this paper is to describe the management plan and engineering design process used to achieve a safe, functional, supportive and effective environment for patients, staff members and other individuals who are involved with the use of the vital medical imaging equipment of Magnetic Resonance in Baghdad's Hospitals. This was satisfied through making comparison study of these existed units according to the recommended standards. The obtained conclusions and suggestions are of paramount importance about the factors affecting the performance of the MRI systems used in three of Baghdads' major hospitals, which are Al-Kadhemyia Teaching Hospital, Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Special Surgeries Hospital of Baghdad's Medical City. Constructional elements of the basic components of the MRI unit were specified to achieve necessary shielding of the electromagnetic field radiation that may answer the technical question about the shortage in performance of MRI System in those hospitals. The design of and access to adjacent spaces was also considered in the design of such units which will further minimize the hazards to patients, staff and health care institutions.

References

[1]. Bronzeno J. D. (2006). The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, 3rd Ed.; Medical Devices and Systems, Taylor & Francis Group, USA.

[2]. Woodward P. (2001). MRI for Technologists, 2nd Ed. Mc Graw Hill, USA.

[3]. Moore J. and Zouridakis G. (2004). Biomedical Technology and Devices Handbook, CRC Press, USA.

[4]. Bushong S. C. (2003). Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Physical and Biological Principles, 3rd Ed. Mosby, USA.

[5]. Gupta S. K., Kant S., Chandrashekar R., Satpathy, S. (2007). Modern Trends in Planning and Designing of Hospitals: Principles and Practice, JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers, India.

[6]. American Association of Physicists in Medicine by the American Institute of Physics. (1986, December). Site Planning for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems. USA.

[7]. The American Institute of Architects. (1996). Guidelines for Design and Construction – Hospitals and Health Care Facilities., USA.

[8]. Evans J. B. (2004, July). Sound Isolation Design for a th Magnetic Resonance Imaging System, 11 International Congress on Sound and Vibration, St. Petersburg, Russia.

[9]. The American Institute of Architects. (2003, February). Safety Considerations in the Design of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. USA.

[10]. Gilk T., Arcb M. and Kanal E. (2006). Integrating MRI Facility Design and Risk Management. ASHRM Journal Vol. 26, No. 3.

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Research Paper

Chemical Reaction And Radiation Effects On Unsteady MHD Free Convection Flow Near A Moving Vertical Plate

Tavva Sudhakar Reddy* , S.V.K. Varma, M. C. Raju*

* Department of Mathematics, Shree Rama Educational Society Group of Institutions Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

* Department of Mathematics, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences Rajampet (Autonomous), Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reddy, T. S. , Varma , S. V. K., and Raju, M. C.(2012). Chemical Reaction And Radiation Effects On Unsteady MHD Free Convection Flow Near A Moving Vertical Plate. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1873

Abstract

In this paper a mathematical model is presented for an unsteady flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting, and laminar, free convective boundary layer flow of a continuously moving infinite vertical plate in a radiative and chemically reactive medium in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The governing equations are solved by the method of Laplace transform technique and the expressions for velocity, temperature, and concentration have been obtained. The derived parameters such as skin friction, rate of heat transfer in the form of Nusselt number and the rate of mass transfer in the form of Sherwood number using the basic parameters, and Further, the effects of various physical parameters like magnetic parameter M, Grashof number Gr, modified Grashof number Gm, heat source parameter H, the chemical reaction parameter Kc, Schmidt number and Radiation parameter F on fluid flow are studied through graphs.

References

[1]. Das, U. N., Deka, R., and Soundalgekar, V.M. (1994). Effects of mass transfer on flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate with constant heat flux and chemical reaction, Forschung im Ingenieurwesen, 60, pp. 284.

[2]. Gebhart, B., and Pera, L. (1971). The nature of vertical natural convection flows, and mass diffusion on the free convection flow past a semi-infinite vertical plate, Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 14, pp. 2025.

[3]. Fan, J.R., Shi, J.M., and Xu X.Z. (1998). The mixed convective heat and mass transfer over a horizontal moving plate with a chemical-reaction effect, Acta Mech, 126, pp. 59.

[4]. Yih, K.A. (1998). An analysis of the forced convection boundary layer flow over a wedge with uniform suction / blowing, Acta Mech, 128, pp. 173.

[5]. Watnabe, T., (1990). Thermal boundary layer over a wedge with uniform suction or injection in forced flow, Acta Mech, 83, pp. 119.

[6]. Anjali Devi, S. P., and Kandasamy, R. (2002). Effects of chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer on non-linear MHD laminar boundary layer flow over a wedge with suction and injection, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, 29, pp. 707.

[7]. Muthucumaraswamy, R., and Ganesan, P. (2001). Effect of the chemical reaction and Injection on flow characteristics in an unsteady upward motion of an isothermal plate, Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical physics, 42, pp. 665.

[8]. Chamkha, A.J. (2003). MHD flow of a uniformly stretched vertical permeable surface in the presence of heat generation/absorption and a chemical reaction, International, Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 30, pp. 413.

[9]. Kandasamy, R., Periasamy, K., and Sivagnana Prabhu, K.K. (2005). Effects of chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer along a wedge with heat source and concentration in the presence of suction or injection, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48, pp. 1388, 76.

[10]. Gorla, R.S.R., Bakier, A.Y., and Byrd, L. (1996). Effects of thermal dispersion and stratification non combined convection on a vertical surface embedded in a porous medium, Transport Porous Media, 25, pp. 275.

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Research Paper

Study The Effect Of Laser And Ultrasound On The Healing Of Bones Fractures

Munqith S. Dawood* , Farah Wael Faleh, May Fadel Habeeb*

* Head, Medical Engineering Department College of Engineering, Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Assistant Lecturer, Medical Engineering Department College of Engineering, Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

* Assistant Professor, College of Medicine Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Dawood, M. S., Faleh, F. W., and Habeeb, M .F. (2012). Study The Effect Of Laser And Ultrasound On The Healing Of Bones Fractures. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1874

Abstract

Laser therapy and ultrasound waves play an important role in accelerating the healing process of different types of tissues lesions including bone tissue. The effect of both laser and ultrasound on bone fracture healing was studied and evaluated in this paper. The Nd:YAG (1064 nm wavelength, 135 mW power) and diode laser (637 nm wavelength, 250 mW power) lasers with ultrasound of 1 MHz frequency and 50 mW/cm² power intensity were used in this study. A preliminary study on 12 young male albino rates was performed to evaluate the attenuation coefficients of the laser and ultrasound together as they passing through the tissues of skin, muscle and bone. This study showed how much the ultrasound increases the penetration of laser power through these tissues. The laser energy distribution contours in the skin and muscle to reach the bone were also calculated mathematically using finite difference equations on MATLAB version7. The histological assessments of using Nd:YAG laser with ultrasound on the bone fracture healing showed faster healing than using laser alone and both of these results were better than the healing without laser irradiation.

References

[1]. Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal Junior, " Effect of 830 nm lowlevel laser therapy applied before high-intensity exercises on skeletal muscle recovery in athletes", Lasers in Medical Science, Volume 24, Springer link, 2006.

[2]. Ribeiro MS, Da Silva Dde F, De Araujo CE, De Oliveria SF, Plegrini CM, Zorn TM, Zezell DM., "Effect of low-intensity polarized visible laser radiation on skin burns: a light microscopy study", Jclin Laser Med. Surg., Vol. 22, No. 1, P.59- 66, Feb.2004.

[3]. Berta García, " Pain and swelling in periapical surgery", Med Oral Bucal researchs, 2008.

[4]. G. C. Hatlen, "Cold laser therapy ", (NAALT)& NASA, 2002.

[5]. R. Kenneth, Erikson, "Laser and Ultrasound in Medicne: A Review", IEEE edition, Transaction on Lasers and Ultrasonics, 1994.

[6]. Lirani-Galvavao AP,Jorgettiv V,da Silva OL. ”Comparative study of how low- level laser therapy and low intensity pulsed ultrasound affect bone repair in rats”, photo med Laser Surg ,2006.

[7]. Silva Junior AN, Pinheiro AL, Oliveira MG, et al” Computerized morphometric assessment of the effect of low – level laser therapy on bone repair: An experimental animal study. J .Clin .Laser Med. Surg., 2002.

[8]. B. Carnahan, "Applied Numerical Methods", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1969.

[9]. J. Lienhard, IV and J. Lienhard V, "A Heat Transfer Textbook", Phlogiston Press, Lexington, MA, 2002.

[10]. L. Wang and S. Jacques, "Monte Carlo Modeling of Light Transport in Multi-layered Tissues in Standard", Plenum Press, New York, 1998.

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Research Paper

Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous-Solution By Limonia-Acidissima Hull Powder As Adsorbent

D. Krishna* , R. Padma Sree**

* Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India.

** Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, India.

Krishna , D., and Sree, R. P. (2012). Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous-Solution By Limonia-Acidissima Hull Powder As Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1875

Abstract

Chromium has been widely used in various industries like textile, leather, chemical manufacture, metal finishing, paint industry and many other industries. Since hexavalent chromium is a priority toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical when present in excess, it is very much required to remove chromium from effluents before allowing it to enter any water system or on to land. In the present study, the removal of hexavalent chromium by adsorption on the Limonia Acidissima hull powder as adsorbent has been investigated in the batch experiments. The agitation time, the adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, initial chromium concentration, temperature and the effect of solution pH are studied. Adsorption mechanism is found to follow Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms. The adsorption behavior is described by a both pseudo first order and second order kinetics. The maximum metal uptake is found to be 20.408 mg/g.

References

[1]. Volesky, B., & Holan, Z.R. (1995). Biosorption of heavy metals, Biotechnology. Prog. 11, 235-250.

[2]. Veglio, F., & Beolchini, F. (1997). Removal of metals by biosorption: a review, Hydrometallurgy. 44, 301-316.

[3]. Kowalshi, Z. (1994). Treatment of chromic tannery wastes, J.Hazard Mater., 39, 137-144.

[4]. Sikaily, A.E., Nemr, A.E., Khaled, A. & Abdelwahab, O. (2007). Removal of toxic chromium from waste water using green alga Ulva lactuca and its activated carbon, J.Hazard.Mater., 148, 216-228.

[5]. Li, H., Li, Z., Liu, T., Xiao, X., Peng, Z. & Deng, L. (2008). A novel technology for biosorption and recover y hexavalent chromium in wastewater by bio-functional magnetic beads, Bioresour.Technol., 99, 6271-6279.

[6]. Gomez, V., & Callo, M.P. (2006). Chromium determination and speciation since 2000, Trends. Anal.Chem., 25, 1006-1015.

[7]. World Health Organization, Guidelines for drinking water quality, 3rd ed., Genrva, 1. 2004, p 334.

[8]. Das, A.K. (2004). Micellar effect on the kinetics and mechanism of chromium (VI) oxidation of organic substrates, Coord,Chem.Rev. 248, 81.

[9]. Zhou, X., Korenaga, T., Takahashi, T Moriwake & T Shinoda, S. (1993). A process monitoring/controlling system for the treatment of waste water containing (VI), Water Res. 27, 1049.

[10]. Tiravanti, G., Petruzzelli, D., & Passino, R. (1997). Pretreatment of tannery wastewaters by an ion-exchange process for Cr(III) removal and recovery, Water.Sci.Technol. 36, 197-207.

[11]. Seaman, J.C., Bertsch, P.M., & Schwallie, L. (1999). In-Situ Cr (VI) reduction within coarse – textured oxidecoated soil and aquifer systems using Fe (II) solutions, Environ.Sci.Technol. 33, 938-944.

[12]. Kongsricharoern, N., & Polprasert, C. (1996). Chromium removal by a bipolar electro-chemical precipitation process, Water.Sci.Technol. 34, 109-116.

[13]. Pagilla, K.R., & Canter, L.W. (1999). Laboratory studies on remediation of Chromium –contaminated soils, J.Environ.Eng, 125, 243-248.

[14]. Chakravathi, A.K., Chowadary, S.B., Chakrabarty, S., Chakrabarty, T., & Mukherjee, D.C. (1995). Liquid membrane multiple emulsion process of chromium (VI) separation from waste waters, Colloids,Surf.A, 103, 59-71.

[15]. Aksu, Z., Ozer, D., Ekiz, H.I., Kutsal, T., & Calar.A. (1996). Investigation of Biosorption of Chromium (VI) on Cladophora Crispata in Two-Staged Batch Reactor, Environ.Technol., 17, 215-220.

[16]. Huang, S.D., Fann, C.F. & Hsiech, H.S. (1982). Foam separation of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution, J.Colloid.Interface.Sci., 89, 504-513.

[17]. Park, D., Yun, Y.S., & Park, J.M. (2010). The past, present and, and future trends of biosorption, Biotechnol.Bioprocess.Eng, 15, 86-102.

[18]. Mohan, D., & Jr. Pittman, C.U. (2006). Activated carbon and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri-and hexavalent chromium from water, J.Hazard.Mater., 137, 762-811.

[19]. Gupta, S., & Babu, B.V. (2009). Utilization of waste product (Tamarind seeds) for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions: Equilibrium, kinetics and regeneration studies, J.Environ.Man. 90, 3013-3022.

[20]. Shafey, E.I. (2005). Behavior of reduction-sorption of chromium (VI) from an aqueous solution on a modified sorbent from rice husk, Water Air Soil Pollution. 163, 81-102.

[21]. Sharma, A., & Bhattacharya, K.G. (2004). Adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by Azadirachta indica (Neem leaf powder), J.Hazard.Mater., B 113, 97.

[22]. Hasan, S.H., Singh, K.K., Prakash, O., Talat, M. & Ho, Y.S. (2008). Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions using agricultural waste maize bran, J.Hazard.Mater. 152, 356-365.

[23]. Bryant, P.S., Petersen, J.N.,Lee, J.M., & Brouns, T.M. (1992). Sorption of heavy metals by untreated red sawdust, Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol., 34, 777.

[24]. Song, W.X., Zhong, L.H., & Rong, T.S. (2009). Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using walnut hull, J.Environ.Man., 90, 721-729.

[25]. Qaiser, S. (2009). Biosorption of lead (II) and chromium (VI) on groundnut hull: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study, Electronic journal of Biotechnology, 12.

[26]. Nasernejad, B., Zadeh, E., Bonakdar, T, Pour, B, Esmaail Bygi, M., & Zamani, A. (2005). Comparison for biosorption modeling of heavy metals (Cr (III), Cu(II), Zn(II)) adsorption from wastewaters by carrot residues, Process Biochemistry, 40, 1319-1322.

[27]. Ghosh, P. (2009). Hexavalent chromium (VI) removal by acid modified waste activated carbons, J.Hazard.Mater., 171, 116-122.

[28]. Namasivayam, C., & Ranganathan, K. (1993). Waste Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide as adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution and chromium plating industry waste water, Environ. Pollut, 82, 255-261.

[29]. Srivastava,S.K., Gupta,V.K., & Mohan,D. (1997). Removal of lead and chromium by activated slag-blastfurnace waste, J.Environ.Engg, 123, 461-468.

[30]. Pradan, J., Das, S.N., & Thakur, R.S. (1999). Adsorption of hexavalent Chromium from aqueous solution by using activated red mud, J.Colloid.Interface.Sci, 217,137-141.

[31]. Venkateswarlu, P., Ratnam, M.V., Rao, D.S. & Rao, M.V. (2007). Removal of chromium from an aqueous solution using Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder as an adsorbent, Intl.J.Phys.Sci., 2, 188-195.

[32]. Kobya, M. (2004). Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto hazelnut shell activated carbon : Kinetic and equilibrium studies, Bioresour.Technol. 91, 317-321.

[33]. Khan, S.A., & Riaz-ur-Rehman-Khan, M.A. (1995). Adsorption of chromium (III), chromium (VI) and silver (I) on bentonite, Waste Man., 15, 271-282.

[34]. Potgieter, J.H., Potgieter, S.S., Vermaak, S.S., & Kalibantonga, P.D. (2006). Heavy metals removal from solution by palygorskite clay, Minerals Engineerings, 19, 463-470.

[35]. Langmuir, I. (1918). Adsorption of gases on glass, Mica, and Platinum, J.Am.Chem.Soc. 40, 1361-1403.

[36]. Freundlich, H. (1907). Veber die adsorption in loesungen (adsorption in solution), Z.Phys.Chem. 57, 385.

[37]. Tempkin, M.J., & Pyzhev, V. (1940). Recent modifications to Langmuir Isotherms, Acta Physiochim. URSS, 12, 217-222.

[38]. Hall, K.E., Eagleton, L.C., Acrivos. A., & Vermeulen, T. (1996). Pore and solid diffusion kinetics in fixed bed adsorption under constant pattern conditions, Ind.Eng.Chem.Fundam., 5, 212-223.

[39]. Mckay, G., Otterburn & Sweny, A.G. (1981). Surface mass transfer processes during color removal from effluent using silica, Water Res. 15, 327-331.

[40]. Baral, S.S., Das. N., Roy Choudary, G., & Das. S.N, (2009). A preliminary study on the adsorptive removal of Chromium (VI) using seaweed, Hydrilla Verticillata, J.Hazard.Mater., 171, 358-369.

[41]. Weber, W.J., & Jr. Morris, J.C. (1963). Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution, J. Sanit. Eng.Div.AMSE, 89, 31-59.

[42]. Hamdaoui, O., & Naffrechoux, E. (2007). Modeling of adsorption isotherms of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon. Part I. Two parameter models and equations allowing determination of thermodynamic parameters, J.Hazard.Mater., 147, 381-394.

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Research Paper

Application of Statistical Analysis System for Explosives Effects of Camouflet Deep-Hole Charges

U. F. Nasirov* , Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov**

* Mining Department, Navoi State Mining Institute, Navoi, South Str, Uzbekistan.

** New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, USA.

Nasirov , U. F., and Bakhtiyarov , S. I. (2012). Application Of Statistical Analysis System For Explosives Effects Of Camouflet Deep-Hole Charges. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1877

Abstract

In this paper the authors present the results of the experimental study of the radius change of explosive effect and the depths of ground compaction at the blast of camouflet deep-hole charges depending on their mass and depth of their lay, besides their compaction level and types of SAS solution at different levels of flowing ground compaction. Additionally, for the calculation of radius change of explosive effect for camouflet deep-hole charges, we developed a special engineering technique as well as for the depth of flowing ground compaction while using different types of SAS solution.

References

[1]. Hall, C. E. (1962). “Compacting a Dam Foundation Blasting”, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, 88(3), pp. 79-100.

[2]. Prugh, B. I. (1963). “Densification of Soils by Explosive Vibrations”, Proc. of the ASCE, 89(1), pp. 79-100.

[3]. Ivanov, P. L. (1983). “Compaction of Grounds with Explosion Operation”, Moscow, “Nedra”.

[4]. Vovk, A. A., Kravetz, V. G., & Luchko, I. A. (1981). “Geodynamics of Explosion Operations”, Kiev, “Naukova Dumka”.

[5]. Kravetz, V. G. (1979). “Dynamics of Ground Compaction with Explosion Operations”, Kiev, “Naukova Dumka”.

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Research Paper

Modelling of Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell for Performance Evaluation

Naveen K. Shrivastavaa* , Shashikant B. Thombreb, Kailas L. Wasewar*

* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India.

* Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India.

Shrivastava, N. K. , Thombre , S. B., and Wasewar, K. L. (2012). Modelling Of Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell For Performance Evaluation. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1879

Abstract

The passive DMFC is a multiphase system involving simultaneous mass, charge and energy transfer. To make this complex system simpler a one-dimensional, steady state, isothermal model has been developed. This model considers mass transfer effects along with the electrochemical reaction. The model was validated with available experimental data. The model result for polarization curve was found in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. The model can be used for improving DMFC understanding and optimize fuel cell design. Even if presented model contains several simplified assumptions, it efficiently describes mass transfer phenomena in a passive DMFC, when different operating parameters are varied on large scale.

References

[1]. Chen, R., Zhao, T., Yang, W., Xu, C. (2008). “Twodimensional two-phase thermal model for passive direct methanol fuel cells”. Journal of Power Sources (175) 276–287.

[2]. Cho, J., Kim, J. (2009). “Fabrication and evaluation of membrane electrode assemblies by low temperature decal methods for direct methanol fuel cells”. Journal of Power Sources (187) 378–386.

[3]. Guo,H., Ma, C. (2004). “2D analytical model of a direct methanol fuel cell”. Electrochemistry Communications (6) 306–312.

[4]. Li, X., Faghri, A., Xu, C. (2010). “Structural optimization of the direct methanol fuel cell passively fed with a highconcentration methanol solution”. Journal of Power Sources (195) 8202-8208.

[5]. Liu, J., Zhao, T., Chen, R., Wong, C. (2005). “The effect of methanol concentration on the performance of a passive DMFC”. Electrochemistry Communications (7) 288–294.

[6]. Marsala, G., Pucci, M., Vitale, G., Cirrincione, M., & Miraoui, A. (2009). “A prototype of a fuel cell PEM emulator based on a buck converter”. Applied Energy (86) 2192–2203.

[7]. Park, Y., Kim, D. (2011). “Design of a MEA with multi-layer electrodes for high concentration methanol DMFCs”. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (in press).

[8]. Reid, R., Prausnitz, J., Sherwood, T. (1977). The Properties of Gases and Liquids, McGraw-Hill.

[9]. Rice, J., Faghri, A. (2006). “A transient, multi-phase and multi-component model of a new passive DMFC.” International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer (49) 4804–4820.

[10]. Scott, K., Taama, W., Cruickshank, J. (1997). “Performance and modelling of a direct methanol solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell”. Journal of Power Sources (65) 159-171.

[11]. Tang, Y., Yuan, W., Pan, M., Tang, B., Li, Z., Wan, Z. (2010). “Effects of structural aspects on the performance of a passive air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell”. Journal of Power Sources (195) 5628-5636.

[12]. Wang, Z., Wang, C. (2003). “Mathematical modeling of liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cells”. Journal of Electrochemical Society (50) A508-A519.

[13]. Xu, C., Faghri, A. (2010). “Water transport characteristics in a passive liquid-feed DMFC ”. International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer (53) 1951–1966.

[14]. Yang W., Zhao T. (2007). “Two-phase mass transport model for DMFCs with the effect of non-equilibrium evaporation and condensation”. Journal of Power Sources (174) 136-147.

[15]. Yang, W., Zhao, T., Wu, Q. (2011). “Modeling of a passive DMFC operating with neat methanol ”. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (36) 6899-6913.

[16]. Yuan, W., Tang, Y., Wan, Z., Pan M. (2011). “Operational characteristics of a passive air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell under various structural conditions”. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (36) 2237-2249.

[17]. Zhang, J., Feng, L., Cai, W., Liu, C., Xing, W. (2011). “The function of hydrophobic cathodic backing layers for high energy passive direct methanol fuel cell”. Journal of Power Sources (196) 9510-9515.

[18]. Zhao, T., Chen, R., Yang, W., Xu, C. (2009). “Small direct methanol fuel cells with passive supply of reactants”. Journal of Power Sources (191) 185-202.

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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Volume 7 Issue 4 May - July 2012

Planning And Designing Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Facilities In Baghdads’ Hospitals

Hassanain Ali Lafta Mossa*

Student, M.Sc. Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Mossa , H. A. L. (2012). Planning And Designing Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Facilities In Baghdads' Hospitals. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4),1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1872

Abstract

References

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Chemical Reaction And Radiation Effects On Unsteady MHD Free Convection Flow Near A Moving Vertical Plate

Tavva Sudhakar Reddy* , S.V.K. Varma**, M. C. Raju***

Reddy, T. S. , Varma , S. V. K., and Raju, M. C.(2012). Chemical Reaction And Radiation Effects On Unsteady MHD Free Convection Flow Near A Moving Vertical Plate. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1873

Abstract

References

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Study The Effect Of Laser And Ultrasound On The Healing Of Bones Fractures

Munqith S. Dawood* , Farah Wael Faleh**, May Fadel Habeeb***

* Head, Medical Engineering Department College of Engineering, Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. ** Assistant Lecturer, Medical Engineering Department College of Engineering, Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. *** Assistant Professor, College of Medicine Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Dawood, M. S., Faleh, F. W., and Habeeb, M .F. (2012). Study The Effect Of Laser And Ultrasound On The Healing Of Bones Fractures. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1874

Abstract

References

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Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous-Solution By Limonia-Acidissima Hull Powder As Adsorbent

D. Krishna* , R. Padma Sree**

* Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India. ** Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, India.

Krishna , D., and Sree, R. P. (2012). Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous-Solution By Limonia-Acidissima Hull Powder As Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1875

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Application of Statistical Analysis System for Explosives Effects of Camouflet Deep-Hole Charges

U. F. Nasirov* , Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov**

* Mining Department, Navoi State Mining Institute, Navoi, South Str, Uzbekistan. ** New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, USA.

Nasirov , U. F., and Bakhtiyarov , S. I. (2012). Application Of Statistical Analysis System For Explosives Effects Of Camouflet Deep-Hole Charges. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1877

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Modelling of Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell for Performance Evaluation

Naveen K. Shrivastavaa* , Shashikant B. Thombreb**, Kailas L. Wasewar***

Shrivastava, N. K. , Thombre , S. B., and Wasewar, K. L. (2012). Modelling Of Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell For Performance Evaluation. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.7.4.1879

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Tavva Sudhakar Reddy* , S.V.K. Varma, M. C. Raju*

Munqith S. Dawood* , Farah Wael Faleh, May Fadel Habeeb*

* Head, Medical Engineering Department College of Engineering, Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Assistant Lecturer, Medical Engineering Department College of Engineering, Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

* Assistant Professor, College of Medicine Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

* Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India.

** Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, India.

* Mining Department, Navoi State Mining Institute, Navoi, South Str, Uzbekistan.

** New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, USA.

Naveen K. Shrivastavaa* , Shashikant B. Thombreb, Kailas L. Wasewar*