i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

Behavioral Studies on Sorptivity of the Concrete Blended with Nano Silica
Optimization of Lane Based Signalized Intersections through VISSIM at Outer Ring Road Bengaluru
Trend Analysis of Rainfall Data using Mann-Kendall Test and Sen's Slope Estimator
A Review on Sustainable Utilization of Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) for the Production of Mortar and Concrete
A Critical Review of Experimental Research on the Durability of Cement Modified with Partial Steel Slag Replacement

Most Cited

Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Use of Crushed Rock Sand as an Alternative to River Sand in Bacterial Concrete

C. Venkata Siva Rama Prasad* , T. V. S. Vara Lakshmi **

*Research Scholar,Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering & Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

**Asst.Professor & Head,Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering & Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Prasad, C. V. S. R., & Lakshmi, T.V.S.V(2019). Use of Crushed Rock Sand as an Alternative to River Sand in Bacterial Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14341

Abstract

Bacterial concrete has emerged as a corrective measure for treating cracks in structures such as bridges, RCC buildings, RCC pipes, channel linings, flooring, etc. it cracks and reduces its resistance and also has an impact on the reinforcement once it has come into contact with water, carbon dioxide and various chemicals. To repair cracks in concrete, regular maintenance and special treatment is required, which can be extremely costly. In this paper, Bacillus subtilis bacteria with calcite lactate are used as part of different percentages, such as 5%, 10% and 15% of cement weight for M20 grade concrete. The effect of crushed rock sand on the strength properties of bacterial concrete studied. SEM and X-Ray Diffraction examined on concrete. Bacteria produce CaCO3 precious stones which hinders the smaller scale cracks and pores in the concrete subsequent to responding with calcium lactate.Upto 10%bacterial solution,the concrete strength increses. An empirical relation between flexural strength and compressive strength is proposed in the formula of f_t = 0.66 √f_ck for river sand mixes and f_t = 0.82f_ck0.48 for crushed rock sand .

References

[1]. ACI Committee 318. (2002). Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete and Commentary, ACI, MI.

[2]. Anbuvelan, K., & Subramanian, K. (2014). An empirical relationship between modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and compressive strength of m60 concrete containing Metakaolin. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 8(11), 1294-1298.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1959). Indian standard code of practice-methods of test for strength of concrete. (IS 516-1959). New Delhi, India.

[4]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1987). Specification for 53 grade Ordinary Portland cement. (IS 12269-1987). New Delhi, India.

[5]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1996). Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement. (IS 4031-1996). New Delhi, India.

[6]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1999). Splitting tensile strength of concrete - method of test. (IS 5816-1999). New Delhi, India.

[7]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2009). Concrete mix proportioning-Guidelines. (IS 10262-2009). New Delhi, India.

[8]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2009). Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice (fourth revision). (IS 456-2000). New Delhi, India.

[9]. CSS (Concrete structures standard). (2006). New Zealand. (NZS - 3101-2006).

[10]. EC- 02 Designers. Handbook to Euro-code 2 Part1.1 Design of Concrete Structures. Thomas Telford Services Ltd.,London.

[11]. Jonkers, H. M. (2011). Bacteria-based self-healing concrete. Heron, 56 (1/2).

[12]. Jonkers, H. M., & Schlangen, E. (2007, April). Crack repair by concrete-immobilized bacteria. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Self Healing Materials (pp. 18-20).

[13]. Jonkers, H. M., Thijssen, A., Muyzer, G., Copuroglu, O., & Schlangen, E. (2010). Application of bacteria as self-healing agent for the development of sustainable concrete. Ecological Engineering, 36(2), 230-235.

[14]. Joseph, C., Jefferson, A. D., & Cantoni, M. B. (2007, April). Issues relating to the autonomic healing of cementitious materials. In First International Conference on Self-healing Materials (pp. 1-8).

[15]. Kessler, M. R., Sottos, N. R., & White, S. R. (2003). Selfhealing structural composite materials. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 34(8), 743-753.

[16]. Li, V. C., & Herbert, E. (2012). Robust self-healing concrete for sustainable infrastructure. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 10(6), 207-218.

[17]. Ramakrishnan, V., Ramesh, K. P., & Bang, S. S. (2001, April). Bacterial concrete. In Smart Materials (Vol. 4234, pp. 168-177). International Society for Optics and Photonics.

[18]. Rao, S. K., Sravana, P., & Rao, T. C. (2016a). Experimental studies in Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity of roller compacted concrete pavement containing fly ash and M-sand. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 9(4), 289-301.

[19]. Rao, S. K., Sravana, P., & Rao, T. C. (2016b). Investigating the effect of M-sand on abrasion resistance of Fly Ash Roller Compacted Concrete (FRCC). Construction and Building Materials, 118, 352-363.

[20]. Rao, S. K., Sravana, P., & Rao, T. C. (2016c). Investigating the effect of M-sand on abrasion resistance of roller compacted concrete containing GGBS. Construction and Building Materials, 122, 191-201.

[21]. Reddy, S. V., Satya, A. K., Rao, S. M., & Azmatunnisa, M. (2012). A biological approach to enhance strength and durability in concrete structures. International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 4(2), 392-399.

[22]. Santhosh, K. R., Ramakrishnan, V., Duke, E. F., & Bang, S. S. (2000). SEM Investigation of Microbial Calcite Precipitation in Cement. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cement Microscopy (Vol. 22, pp. 293- 305). International Cement Microscopy Association.

[23]. Schlangen, H. E. J. G., Jonkers, H. M., Qian, S., & Garcia, A. (2010). Recent advances on self healing of concrete. In FraMCos-7: Proceedings of the 7^thInternational Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures.

[24]. The Canadian code of practice (CSA). Design of Concrete Structures. CSA A 23.3:1994. Technical Committee, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, Ontario.

[25]. Wang, J., Van Tittelboom, K., De Belie, N., & Verstraete, W. (2012). Use of silica gel or polyurethane immobilized bacteria for self-healing concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 26(1), 532-540.

[26]. Yusuf, I. T., Jimoh, Y. A., & Salami, W. A. (2016). An appropriate relationship between flexural strength and compressive strength of palm kernel shell concrete. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 55(2), 1553-1562.

[27]. Zwaag, S. (Ed.). (2008). Self Healing Materials: An Alternative Approach to 20 Centuries of Materials Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+ Business Media BV.

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Research Paper

Geotechnical Assessment through Statistical Analysis of District Bathinda, Punjab, India

Parveen Chander* , Rajiv Chauhan , J. N. Jha *, Rajesh Kumar****

Research Scholar IKG Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Department of Civil Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.

**** Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Chander, P., Chauhan, R., Kumar, R., & Jha, J. N (2019). Geotechnical Assessment through Statistical Analysis of District Bathinda, Punjab, India. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15683

Abstract

Geotechnical site investigation database is very important in reconnaissance phase of construction projects. It can be utilized as potential contributions for planning, designing, and execution of infrastructure projects. Representing correct subsurface conditions and profile of soil properties is still a very difficult issue confronting geotechnical engineers. The present research work is a step toward preparing geotechnical database of different soil properties at various depths of District Bathinda of Punjab state in India.

The Standard Penetration Tests were conducted for the area under study. Soil samples were collected from the boreholes for evaluating engineering properties of soil up to depth of 9.0 m from existing ground surface. The statistical analysis was also done for the data collected from 99 locations distributed widely over different parts of District Bathinda. The analysis has been done for soil type, N-value, bulk density, and shear strength parameters (Angle of internal resistance and Cohesion) of soil along with the water table encountered during soil exploration.

The results show that soil profile consists of silt to silty sand from 1.5 to 9.0 m depth with bulk density varying from 1.67 gm/cc to 1.78 gm/cc for the studied region. The SPT N value, which is 17.4 shows significant soil strength at 9.0 m depth. The shear strength parameters, i.e. the average angle of internal friction varies from 26.90 to 31.100 with negligible value of cohesion along the depth of exploration.

References

[1]. Alonso, E. E. & Krizek, R.J. (1975). Stochastic formulation of soil properties. Proc. Int. Conf. Applications of Statistics and Probability to Soil and Structural Engineering, (pp.9- 32).

[2]. Bakir, A. M. (1998). The Geotechnical Maps of Iraq (M. Sc. Thesis, University of Baghdad).

[3]. Christakos, G. (1984). On the problem of permissible covariance and variogram models. Water Resources Research, 20(2), 251-265.

[4]. de Mello, V. F., Souto Silveira, E. B., & Silveira, A. (1960). Geotechnical experience in compaction control of earth dams. In First Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Vol. 2, p. 637).

[5]. Holtz, R. D., & Krizek, R. J. (1972). Statistical evaluation of soils test data. Proc. 1^stICASPSSE (pp. 229-266).

[6]. Hooshmand, A., Aminfar, M. H., Asghari, E., & Ahmadi, H. (2012). Mechanical and physical characterization of Tabriz Marls, Iran. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 30(1), 219-232.

[7]. Jiang, J. (2011, August). Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Soft Soil in Lower Reaches of Yangtze River. In Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA), 2011 Second International Conference on (pp. 851-854). IEEE.

[8]. Turkie, M. A. (2005). (M.Sc. Thesis, University of Baghdad).

[9]. Mohammed Abdul - Zahra Turkie, (2005). The geotechnical maps for the soil of the governorates baghdad, diyala, wasitand babylon, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Technology, Baghdad.

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Research Paper

Geotechnical Characterization of Site for Deep Excavation Analysis

G. Padmanabhan* , G. Sasikala, A. Ravisankar *

Scientific Officer, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam & Research Scholar Homi Bhabha National Institute, India

Scientific Officer, Head, Material Mechanics Section, IGCAR , Kalpakkam & Professor, Homi Bhabha National Institute,India.

Project Director, Fast Reactor Fuel Cycle Facility (FRFCF), Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India.

Padmanabhan, G., Sasikala, G., & Ravisankar, A (2019). Geotechnical Characterization of Site for Deep Excavation Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15371

Abstract

Evaluation of stiffness and strength characteristics of soil is an important aspect in characterization of sites for deep excavation and require as input for defining constitutive relations in finite element software. These properties are often obtained from correlations of Standard Penetration Test (N) values. These correlations were developed for various soil conditions from different site and show a wide variation and can influence the prediction of deep excavation behavior. In this paper, strength parameters of soil were determined from a site specific study and stiffness parameters were derived from exisring empirical correlations. Displacement of a deep excavation was predicted in a finite element software PLAXIS and compared with field observed displacement. The analysis highlighted importance of accurate determination of stiffness parameters in predicting deep excavation behavior and a site specific correlation between stiffness and SPT N value was developed for sandy soil which can be used for predicting deep excavation behavior in similar sites.

References

[1]. Bhatkar, T., Barman, D., Mandal, A., and Usmani, A. (2017). Prediction of behaviour of a deep excavation in soft soil: a case study. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 11(1), 10-19.

[2]. Bowles, J. E. (1996). Foundation Analysis and Design. McGraw-Hill.

[3]. Brinkgreve, R. B. J., & Vermeer, P. A. (1992). On the use of CamClay models. Proc. of NUMOG IV Symposium (Vol.2, pp. 557-565).

[4]. Duncan, J. M., and Chang, C. Y. (1970). Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 96(5), 1629-1653.

[5]. Hatanaka, M., & Uchida, A. (1996). Empirical correlation between penetration resistance and internal friction angle of sandy soils. Soils and Foundations, 36(4), 1-9.

[6]. Hsieh, P. G. (1999). Prediction of ground movements caused by deep excavation in clay (Doctoral Dissertation, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology).

[7]. Hsiung, B. C. B. (2009). A case study on the behaviour of a deep excavation in sand. Computers and Geotechnics, 36(4), 665-675.

[8]. Khoiri, M., & Ou, C. Y. (2013). Evaluation of deformation parameter for deep excavation in sand through case histories. Computers and Geotechnics, 47, 57-67.

[9]. Kulhawy, F. H., & Mayne, P. W. (1990). Manual on estimating soil properties for foundation design (No. EPRIEL- 6800). Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (USA); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (USA). Geotechnical Engineering Group.

[10]. Ou, C. Y. (2014). Deep excavation: Theory and Practice. CRC Press.

[11]. Ou, C. Y., & Lai, C. H. (1994). Finite-element analysis of deep excavation in layered sandy and clayey soil deposits. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31(2), 204-214.

[12]. Ou, C. Y., Hsieh, P. G., & Duan, S. M. (2005). A simplified method to estimate the ground surface settlement induced by deep excavation. Geotechnical Research Report.

[13]. Ou, C. Y., Liao, J. T., & Cheng, W. L. (2000). Building response and ground movements induced by a deep excavation. Geotechnique, 50(3), 209-220.

[14]. Schanz, T., & Vermeer, P. A. (1998). On the stiffness of sands. In Pre-failure Deformation Behaviour of Geomaterials (pp. 383-387). Thomas Telford Publishing.

[15]. Yoo, C., & Lee, D. (2008). Deep excavation-induced ground surface movement characteristics - A numerical investigation. Computers and Geotechnics, 35(2), 231- 252.

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Research Paper

Implementation of Translucent Concrete in Green Buildings to Economize Energy Utilization

Nadeem Gulzar Shahmir * , Manzoor Ahmad Tantray **

* Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India.

** Professor, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India.

Shahmir, N. G., & Tantary, M. A (2019). Implementation of Translucent Concrete in Green Buildings to Economize Energy Utilization. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15337

Abstract

Building where we have less utilization of coerced or artificial energy (energy efficient building) is kenned as green building. Buildings consume a plethora of electrical energy for lighting purport which enforced us to bring something incipient that will directly sanction natural light inside the buildings. By introducing plastic optical fibers in conventional concrete along the cross-sectional area the natural sunlight will directly bring in. In this paper, we will exhaustively study a three story building each floor having four rooms omitting corridors, washrooms, staircases and toilets. We will calculate the energy utilized by the building for lighting purport and compare the same building for economization of energy, where we will utilize plastic optical fibers in minimum at two walls per room of 2mm diameter at 202 divests of plastic optical fibers in one square foot. Additionally we will check for the compressive vigor of the translucent concrete and compare with conventional concrete.

References

[1]. Ahuja, A., Mosalam, K. M., & Zohdi, T. I. (2014). Computational modeling of translucent concrete panels. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 21(2), B4014008.

[2]. Bashbash, B. F., Hajrus, R. M., Wafi, D. F., & Alqedra, M. A. (2013). Basics of light transmitting concrete. Global Advanced Research Journal of Engineering, Technology and Innovation, 2(3), 076-083.

[3]. Bhat, A. B J., Shahmir, N. G., & Diwaker, D. (2016). An Experimental study on efficiency & cost analysis of pellucid concrete. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 6(8), 71-78.

[4]. He, J., Zhou, Z., Ou, J., & Huang, M. (2011, July). Study on smart transparent concrete product and its performances. In The 6^thInternational Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology (Vol. 7, pp. 25-26).

[5]. Karandikar, A., Virdhi, N., & Deep, A. (2015). Translucent concrete: Test of compressive strength and transmittance. Micron, 237, 74-320.

[6]. Kashiyani, B. K., Raina, V., Pitroda, J., & Shah, B. (2013). A study on transparent concrete: A novel architectural material to explore construction sector. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 2(8), 83- 87.

[7]. Luhar, S., & Khandelwal, U. (2015). Compressive strength of translucent concrete. International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Emerging Technologies, 8(2), 52-54.

[8]. Peña-García, A., Gil-Martín, L. M., & Rabaza, O. (2015). Application of translucent concrete for lighting purposes in civil infrastructures and its optical characterization. Key Engineering Materials, 663, 148-156.

[9]. Salih, S. A., Joni, H. H., & Mohamed, S. A. (2014). Effect of plastic optical fiber on some properties of translucent concrete. Engineering and Technology Journal - Part A, 32(12), 2846-2861.

[10]. Sawant, A. B., Jugdar, R. V., & Sawant, S. G. (2014). Light transmitting concrete by using optical fiber. Int. J. Inventive Eng. Sci, 3(1), 23-28.

[11]. Shahmir, N. G., & Tantary, M. A. (2018). Experimental investigation on transmission of light in green buildings using translucent concrete. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(4), 201-205.

[12]. Verso, l., Pagliolico, V. R. M., & Lucia, S. (2015). A novel translucent concrete panel with waste glass inclusions for architectural applications. The Indian Concrete Journal, 89(7), 34-42.

[13]. Zhou, Z., Ou, G., Hang, Y., Chen, G., & Ou, J. (2009, April). Research and development of plastic optical fiber based smart transparent concrete. In Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems 2009 (Vol. 7293, p. 72930F). International Society for Optics and Photonics.

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Research Paper

Nonlinear Dynamic and Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Titanium Marine Riser

Rizwan Ahmad Khan * , Atul Singla, Atul Goyal *

* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Z. H College of Engineering and Technology, A.M.U, Aligarh, India.

,* Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Khan, R. A., Singla, A., & Goyal, A (2019). Nonlinear Dynamic and Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Titanium Marine Riser. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14575

Abstract

Titanium has numerous good properties such as high strength, high corrosion resistance and it has low density allowing weight savings thus making it attractive for using in construction of Marine Risers[8]. This paper presents the dynamic and probabilistic analysis of Titanium Riser under the loadings caused by random sea waves of different heights. The dynamic analysis of riser is done by finite element analysis method using ABAQUS/AQUA. Using the Fracture Mechanics model and stress vs number of cycles (S-N) model various sea states were investigated and reliability of Titanium Riser under deep sea has been estimated. The approach based on reliability considers various uncertainties which helps to make effective designs of risers. Results are presented which shows variation of bending stress of riser with the variation in depth of riser. The stress-time history and PSD (Power Spectral Density) curves shows the effect of nonlinearities on bending stress. The variation of reliability index due to various uncertainties are also presented.

References

[1]. Baarholm, G. S., Larsen, C. M., & Lie, H. (2006). On fatigue damage accumulation from in-line and cross-flow vortex-induced vibrations on risers. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 22(1), 109-127.

[2]. Clarke, T., Jacques, R., Bisognin, A., Camerini, C., Damasceno, S., & Strohaecker, T. (2011). Monitoring the structural integrity of a flexible riser during a full-scale fatigue test. Engineering Structures, 33(4), 1181-1186.

[3]. DNV -RP -C203. (2004). Fatigue Strength Analysis of Offshore Steel Structures.

[4]. DNV -RP- H103. (2011). Modelling and Analysis of Marine Operations.

[5]. Kaewunruen, S., Chiravatchradej, J., & Chucheepsakul, S. (2005). Nonlinear free vibrations of marine risers/pipes transporting fluid. Ocean Engineering, 32(3-4), 417-440.

[6]. Katifeoglou, S. A., & Chatjigeorgiou, I. K. (2012). Dynamic interaction of catenary risers with the seafloor. Applied Ocean Research, 38, 1-15.

[7]. Khan, R. A., & Ahmad, S. (2014). Bi-linear fatigue and fracture approach for safety analysis of an offshore structure. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 136(2), 021602.

[8]. Khan, R., A., Khandelwall, A., Ahmad, S. (2015). Nonlinear three dimensional Dynamic Analysis of Titanium Drilling Riser. Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology, 2, 27-40.

[9]. Leira, B. J., Karunakaran, D., Bjorset, A., & Jiao, G. (1998). Fracture and fatigue reliability assessment of deep-water risers. In American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 17^thInternational Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering(USA) (p. 9).

[10]. Low, Y. M., & Srinil, N. (2016). VIV fatigue reliability analysis of marine risers with uncertainties in the wake oscillator model. Engineering Structures, 106, 96-108.

[11]. Mukundan, H., Modarres-Sadeghi, Y., Dahl, J. M., Hover, F. S., & Triantafyllou, M. S. (2009). Monitoring VIV fatigue damage on marine risers. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 25(4), 617-628.

[12]. Rivero-Angeles, F. J., Vázquez-Hernández, A. O., & Martinez, U. (2014). Vibration analysis for the determination of modal parameters of steel catenary risers based on response-only data. Engineering Structures, 59, 68-79.

[13]. Stahl, B., & Banon, H. (2002, January). Fatigue safety st factors for deepwater risers. In ASME 2002 21 International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (pp. 349-355). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

[14]. Wang, J., Fu, S., Baarholm, R., Wu, J., & Larsen, C. M. (2014). Fatigue damage of a steel catenary riser from vortex-induced vibration caused by vessel motions. Marine Structures, 39, 131-156.

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Research Paper

Performance Evaluation of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) (300 KLD Capacity) for the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater at the Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH)

Babitha M.* , Nethravathi M. C, Shruti*

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

- Student, Department of Civil Engineering, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Babitha, M., Nethravathi, M. C., & Shruti (2019). Performance Evaluation of STP (300 KLD Capacity) for the treatment of Domestic Wastewater at RRMCH. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14421

Abstract

The urbanization in Metropolitan cities like Bangalore due to growth in population, increasing the demand of providing basic requirements such as safe drinking water, sanitation and infrastructure. The efficiency of the RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH) domestic Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Bangalore will be worked out during the entire project. The selected parameters were pH, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Cake Resistance (RC), and Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS)/Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS). The treated and non-treated samples were collected every Thursday and Friday for 5 days and were tested in the RajaRajeswari College of Engineering (RRCE) laboratory. The concentration of varies water quality parameters are related with the Wastewater disposal standards of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards).Removal of Biological characteristics is also examined. Additionally, the problems associated with the operation and maintenance of the wastewater treatment plant is discussed, and suitable recommendations have been made to reactivate the sewage treatment plant and to help the RRMCH organization reuse the sewage water effectively.

References

[1]. Agunwamba, J. C. (2001). Effect of tapering on the performance of waste stabilization ponds. Water Research, 35(5), 1191-1200.

[2]. Burton, F., Tchobanoglous, G., & Stensel, H. D. (2003). Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse (Fourth Edition). Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.

[3]. Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO). (1993). Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment (2^nd Ed.). New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 614.

[4]. Choksi, K. N., Sheth, M. A., & Mehta, D. (2015). To evaluate the performance of Sewage Treatment Plant: A Case study. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(08), 1076-1080.

[5]. Gallego, A., Hospido, A., Moreira, M. T., & Feijoo, G. (2008). Environmental performance of wastewater treatment plants for small populations. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(6), 931-940.

[6]. Kumar, P. R., Pinto, L. B., & Somashekar, R. K. (2010). Assessment of the efficiency of sewage treatment plants: a comparative study between Nagasandra and Mailasandra Sewage Treatment Plants. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(2), 115-125.

[7]. Kushwah, R. K., Bajpai, A., & Malik, S. (2011). Characteristics of wastewater in Sewage Treatment Plant of Bhopal, (India). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6),766-771.

[8]. New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission, (N. E. I. W. P. C. C). (2005, September). Sequencing Batch Reactor Design and Operational Consideration. Retrieved From http://www.neiwpcc.org/ neiwpcc_docs/sbr_manual.pdf.

[9]. Rajendraprasad, M., Tanuja, K., & Naidu, N. V. D. (2016). Design and fabrication of gutters. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). 3(9), 1-5.

[10]. Ramya, S. (2015). Design of sewage treatment plant and characterization of sewage. IJCE .

[11]. Singh, D. D., & John, S. (2013). Study the different parameters of Sewage Treatment with UASB & SBR technologies. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 6(1), 112-116.

[12]. Trivedi, A. Status of Waste Water Treatment in Gujarat.

[13]. Wakode, P. N., & Sayyad, S. U. (2014). Performance Evaluation of 25MLD Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) at Kalyan. American Journal of Engineering Research, 3(03), 310-316.

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Research Paper

Optimization Of Rural Roads Network Of Vikarabad Bus Depot Transportation Operation

Ramesh Joriga* , R. Srinivasa Kumar**

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Government Polytechnic, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Joriga, R., & Kumar, S. (2019). Optimization of Rural Roads Network of Vikarabad Bus Depot Transportation Operation. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14633

Abstract

Topography maps prepared by survey organizations are major source of road network for any area across the world. Thematic maps showing the road network could be generated from such topography maps in the scales ranging from 1:250,000 to 1:25,000. These road maps will represent the connectivity of all the major settlements, but cannot represent few settlements (villages) in certain areas particularly, in coastal parts where the density of settlements (villages) is very high. This is due to the limitation of scale at which these maps were originally prepared. Route maps for any long routes can be derived by utilizing these maps. But planning and designing of bus route services for limited distances in the rural areas where the density of villages is high, the topo maps would not be ideal while considering the best local connectivity. The study was identified by keeping the need of reliable information of image locations put together with road connectivity in rural areas. It was observed that the concern authorities, i.e., the Road Transport Corporation (RTC) are depending up on the not-to-scale maps or Survey of India (SOI) prepared topography maps for design and planning of the Bus service routes. Such input sources could not provide the representation of interior villages/hamlets on the maps due to scale limitations.

The present study is an attempt to create large scaled reliable road network map desired by a local transport unit called a bus depot or regional management, which could be used as a reliable scientific input to the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) Planning Department. These maps are used for identifying the unconnected settlements and invention of new routes, based on population analysis. This study could be a model work with redefined and accurate bus routes of both long route and local services in the study area. For example, Vikarabad bus depot of Rangareddy (old) District in Telangana State. The Geographic Information System (GIS) based route maps would enable the concerned officials to plan, design and run their public transport services (RTC Buses) as per the public requirement/ convenient and to achieve better revenues to the corporation.

References

[1]. Husdal, J. (2000). Road Transportation Management- Vehicle routing and tracking in GIS.

[2]. Iimi, A., Ahmed, F., Anderson, E. C., Diehl, A. S., Maiyo, L., Peralta-Quirós, T., & Rao, K. S. (2016). New rural access index: main determinants and correlation to poverty. The World Bank.

[3]. Indian Road Congress. (2002). Rural Roads Manual. (IRC:SP:20-2002). India Roads Congress, New Delhi, India.

[4]. Jalegar, J. M. & Begum, C. S., (2017). Rural Road Network Planning by using GIS Methodology. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 6(4).

[5]. Kanuganti, S., Dutta, B., Sarkar, A. K., & Singh, A. P. (2017). Development of a need-based approach for rural road network planning. Transportation in Developing Economies, 3(2), 14.

[6]. Modinpuroju, A., Prasad, C. S. R. K., & Chandra, M. (2016). Facility-based planning methodology for rural roads using spatial techniques. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 1(1), 41.

[7]. PMGSY. (2017). PMGSY National GIS. Pradhan Manthri Gram Sadak Yojana, NRRDA, New Delhi.

[8]. Shi, Y., Blainey, S., & Hounsell, N. (2017). Using GIS to assess the potential for centralised planning of bus networks. Transportation Planning and Technology, 40(1), 119-142.

[9]. Starkey, P., Ellis, S., Hine, J., & Ternell, A. (2002). Improving rural mobility: options for developing motorized and nonmotorized transport in rural areas. The World Bank.

[10]. TCS. (2009). Socio-Economic Impact Assessment, Project-1 Chhattisgarh Rural Road Report. Technical Support Consultants.

[11]. Venkatanarasimhan, A. & Cherukuri, S. (2018). Diffusion of Electric Busses for Public Transportation: A Case Study in Three Indian Municipalities. www.tsrtc.telangana.gov.in

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Research Paper

Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete Structures

Ravikant Singh* , Vinay Kumar Singh, Mahesh Yadav*

, M.Tech Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, MMM University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MMM University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Singh, R., Singh, V. K., & Yadav, M. (2019). Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete Structures. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14592

Abstract

If the building structure is not properly designed and constructed according to IS codal provisions, it causes more damages and destruction of the human property, and also loss of living creatures. It is recommended that the structure should be properly analyzed, designed, and constructed with good quality material, so it has become safe to resist the earthquake load. Seismic analysis of the building structure is carried out to determine the seismic response of structure by using Time history analysis method. In this research paper, seismic analysis of a multi-storey building structure is done. The response of the building is analyzed for various seismic loading. ETABs (Extended Three-dimensional Analysis of Building System) software is used for modeling of the building. By using time history method, we can analyze the base shear, displacement, and storey drift of the building. The comparison is done with equivalent static analysis also to know the variation in results. Matlab program is also used for performing the Time history analysis of the building using Elcentro seismic data.

References

[1]. Agarwal, P. & Shrikhande, M. (2016). Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures. PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, India.

[2]. Ahirwar, S. K., Jain, S. K., & Pandey, M. M. (2008, October). Earthquake loads on multistorey buildings as per IS: 1893-1984 and IS: 1893-2002: Comparative study. The 14^th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE).

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1993). Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces – Code of Practice (IS: 13920-1993), New Delhi, India.

[4]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2002). Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures. (IS: 1893 - Part 1-2002) New Delhi, India.

[5]. Chopra, A. K. & Chopra, A. K. (1995). Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering (Vol. 2). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

[6]. Duggal, S. K. (2010). Earthquake Resistance Design of Structure, 4^th Ed.Oxford University Press.

[7]. ETABS Software Version 16.2, Computer and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, California, USA.

[8]. Gurjar, S. & Pamecha, L. (2017). Seismic Behavior of Buildings Having Vertical Irregularities. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development, 3(10), 620-625.

[9]. Ibrahim, S., Anwar, S. F., & Hashmath, M. (2017, February). Response Spectrum and Time History Analysis of a Multistoried and commercial building. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches,4(2),133-136. DOI- 10.5281/zenodo.343748

[10]. Jain, S. K. (2016). Explanatory Examples on Indian Seismic Code IS 1893 (Part I). Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

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Volume 9 Issue 1 December - February 2019

C. Venkata Siva Rama Prasad* , T. V. S. Vara Lakshmi **

Prasad, C. V. S. R., & Lakshmi, T.V.S.V(2019). Use of Crushed Rock Sand as an Alternative to River Sand in Bacterial Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14341

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Parveen Chander* , Rajiv Chauhan **, J. N. Jha ***, Rajesh Kumar****

Chander, P., Chauhan, R., Kumar, R., & Jha, J. N (2019). Geotechnical Assessment through Statistical Analysis of District Bathinda, Punjab, India. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15683

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G. Padmanabhan* , G. Sasikala**, A. Ravisankar ***

Padmanabhan, G., Sasikala, G., & Ravisankar, A (2019). Geotechnical Characterization of Site for Deep Excavation Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15371

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Nadeem Gulzar Shahmir * , Manzoor Ahmad Tantray **

* Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India. ** Professor, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India.

Shahmir, N. G., & Tantary, M. A (2019). Implementation of Translucent Concrete in Green Buildings to Economize Energy Utilization. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.15337

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Rizwan Ahmad Khan * , Atul Singla**, Atul Goyal ***

* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Z. H College of Engineering and Technology, A.M.U, Aligarh, India. **,*** Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Khan, R. A., Singla, A., & Goyal, A (2019). Nonlinear Dynamic and Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Titanium Marine Riser. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14575

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Babitha M.* , Nethravathi M. C**, Shruti***

*Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. **-*** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Babitha, M., Nethravathi, M. C., & Shruti (2019). Performance Evaluation of STP (300 KLD Capacity) for the treatment of Domestic Wastewater at RRMCH. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14421

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Ramesh Joriga* , R. Srinivasa Kumar**

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Government Polytechnic, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Joriga, R., & Kumar, S. (2019). Optimization of Rural Roads Network of Vikarabad Bus Depot Transportation Operation. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14633

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Ravikant Singh* , Vinay Kumar Singh**, Mahesh Yadav***

*,*** M.Tech Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, MMM University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MMM University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Singh, R., Singh, V. K., & Yadav, M. (2019). Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete Structures. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.1.14592

Abstract

References

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Parveen Chander* , Rajiv Chauhan , J. N. Jha *, Rajesh Kumar****

G. Padmanabhan* , G. Sasikala, A. Ravisankar *

* Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India.

** Professor, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India.

Rizwan Ahmad Khan * , Atul Singla, Atul Goyal *

* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Z. H College of Engineering and Technology, A.M.U, Aligarh, India.

,* Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Babitha M.* , Nethravathi M. C, Shruti*

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

- Student, Department of Civil Engineering, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Government Polytechnic, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Ravikant Singh* , Vinay Kumar Singh, Mahesh Yadav*

, M.Tech Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, MMM University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MMM University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.