Abstract

Infrastructure development is important for developing country like India. Road construction plays a major role in it. Hence, good quality roads are necessary for any type of infrastructure development. Flexible pavements are divided in to layers, which consists of subgrade layer (soil as a foundation), sub-base layer, base course layer and surface course layer (bituminous layer). If any layer becomes unstable or weak, it may lead to failure of the pavement. It is observed that, sometimes pavements fail due to low strength of subgrade soil .The subgrade soil is internal part of the pavement. Hence, sound understanding of the properties of soil subgrade is essential for designing a pavement. The properties of soil can be modified by mixing the fiber rein for cements in the subgrade soil. Natural fibers like coir, jute, bamboo have been used to change the index properties of soil. The expansive soil which is also known as problematic soil was selected for the study. Pavement construction on such type of soil is a major problem. In this paper, coir fibres are used as reinforcement and its effects on the various index properties, i.e. Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), Maximum Dry Density (MDD), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Swell Pressure and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) are studied. The study also includes effect of percentage reinforcement on the subgrade soil for the pavement design. The pavement design for soil and coir fiber mixture results in to decrease the thickness of subgrade layer.

Abstract

Indian climatologists are investigating to discover a possible relation of climate change and studying trends in different climate parameters. However in India the changes in temperatures are not equivalent for every region and have restricted intensity and must be evaluated in the vicinity to manage natural resources. Aim of the study is to determine trend in annual and monthly maximum temperature time series using linear regression method and non-parametric method (i.e. Modified Mann Kendall). For this study, seven meteorological regions of India viz. Western Himalaya, East Coast, West coast, North Central, North East, North West and Interior Peninsula were considered. Trend analysis in monthly and annual maximum temperature over seven homogeneous temperature regions along with all India was done. Analysis was performed on four time window i.e. 1901-1936, 1937-1972, 1973-2007 and 1901-2007. To determine the trend Linear Regression and non- parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied. Modified Mann Kendall test shows that during 1937-1972 and 1973-2007, trend is significant for most of the regions and during 1901-2007, all regions show significant trend. However trend in Linear Regression is observed for the period of 1937-1972 and Western Himalaya region show decreasing trend. Whereas, all other regions including all India show an increasing trend. In West Coast region for the period of 1973-2007, all the regions including all India are having increasing trend and maximum increasing trend is observed in Western Himalaya region. For the period of 1901-2007, all the regions including all India are having increasing trend.

Abstract

Efficient material management can turn a construction project into a profit centre from a cost centre if rational material classification, inventory management and economical order quantity practices are followed. Most construction companies in India do not appear to have such practices in place. In this work, the benefits of efficient material management practices are discussed and a case study of material procurement schedule in a precast infrastructure company is made. The results indicate that materials were procured without any analysis with reference to their importance, inventory cost control, pre-plan for using available storage space efficiently, seasonality and other critical factors necessary to ensure smooth progress of the work. The study also reveals the need for developing material management practices designed for construction sites. In conclusion, the paper suggests the importance of following efficient material management practices in construction projects and the need to develop new material management practices suitable for construction sites considering its dynamics and constraints.

Abstract

Ami River is a tributary of Rapti River, and this study was carried out along serpentine length of Ami River, which travels 126 Kmlength at Siddharth Nagar, Sant Kabir Nagar, and Gorakhpur District. To assess the water quality status of Ami River water and ground water which is adjoining to river basin and selected five stations along length of Ami River and to observed the monthly variation of surface and ground water. The surface water samples collected from Mid-stream of Ami River and Ground water samples collected from both side of mid-stream to 1 Km catchment area of Ami River at five stations such as S1 (Kore Kutwa), S2 (Khalilabad), S3 (Adilapar), S4 (Unwal-Jarlahi), S5 (Sohagaura) see Figure 1. And also another ground water sample (Control Point) collected away from catchment area of Ami River. The control point which is not affected from any water bodies i.e. River, Lakes, Ponds, etc. The observed data of Surface and Ground Water compare with IS 10500-2012 and Control Point to interpreted result of water pollution due industrial and domestic discharge into Ami River. The study was carried out during January 2016 to February 2016 and all collected samples subjected to test for Physico-chemical and biological analysis. The Ami River water quality at KoreKutwa indicates same as ground water quality, but without treatment cannot use for any purposes. Ami River water and ground water lose their natural quality is observed at Khalilabad, where paper mill effluents discharge and Adilapar where GIDA effluents discharge into Ami River. The fury of Industrial pollution is also realized at downstream stations such as Unwal-Jarlahi and Sohagaura. The ground water quality of these locations reached at very worst condition. B.O.D. data indicates that the ground water facing high organic load due to river pollution and pollution is beyond limit that river never adopt self-purification capacity, see Figure 4. The biological analysis of Ami River and ground water with respect to total coliform/100ml at all five stations has reveal that river water is unfit for direct use of any purposes and ground water is unhealthy for drinking and other domestic use, see Figure 4. The other parameters such as pH, Turbidity, Hardness (Figure 2), Chloride, Alkalinity, Acidity (Figure 3), and Total Dissolved Solids (Figure 4) also confirmed that high deterioration in Ami River water and ground water quality. With view of some parameter like Hardness, Chloride, and TDS has confirm that ground water is more polluted than river water, at some ground water locations like Khalilabad, Unwal-Jarlahi, and Sohagaura.

Abstract

Artificial groundwater revive assumes an essential part in feasible administration of groundwater assets. The present investigation was done to distinguish the simulated groundwater revive zones in Gandheswari watershed utilizing remote detecting and geological data framework (GIS) for increasing groundwater assets. The investigation zone has been confronting extreme water shortage because of concentrated farming for as far back as couple of years. Morphometric parameters are dissected to comprehend the watershed qualities and its effect on the water assets for example bifurcation proportion shows high surface spillover and low revive. Low seepage thickness indicating porous strata, thick vegetation and low alleviation. Though, incline, geography and geomorphological mapping is done to separate groundwater potential zones for future investigation in the examination region. Slant is contrarily relative to penetration. In light of AHP different ground water potential zones are discovered like amazing, great, great, poor and extremely poor zones are outlined. Toward the end, last outline of manufactured revive sited determination depends on the dirt sort, slant, seepage arrange and so on. The coordinated examination helps in outlining reasonable destinations for building water gathering structures. Check dams, permeation tanks and Nala bund are proposed at first, second or third waste requests at Micro Basins with pediment. Nala bund and check dam are proposed at MB-2 and MB-4 though, at MB-3 check dams and permeation tanks are proposed in order to ration the regular assets display in the watershed. At last, the best achievable water reaping structures have been proposed inside the watershed region utilizing remote detecting and GIS strategies.

Abstract

Rainfall in India generally, occurs, in short period, most of which is lost as run-off; eroding significant quantities of precious top soil, hence rainfall goes unproductive. This results in reduction of farm production, ultimately hampering the overall economic growth of rural people. Watershed management can play a vital role in resolving this problem. The paper studied watershed management developments for Kaneri village which is located at outskirts of Kolhapur city. In spite of sufficient monsoon rainfall (973mm) people in this village face scarcity of water for agricultural and domestic use in summer. The rainwater does not percolate into the ground but flows over the earth surface. This has resulted in depletion of ground water table, so reduce crop yield and income from agricultural activity is low. So it has become necessary to develop the means to storage of runoff and recharge ground water resources which are essentials for improving living standard of people. In this paper, the existing economical status and causes behind economical problems of people living in Kaneri village, is discussed. This paper describes the watershed condition by watershed budgeting and using other engineering measures. This data is used to identify the best watershed management options and solutions for improving economical status of Kaneri village. Further this paper presents the effectiveness of various watershed management options for economical development with the help of a case study and using before-after concept. It is found that watershed management activities increases crop production by 38.33% and per capita income by 30.14%. Thus it is concluded that economical development of rural people can be achieved through watershed management.

Abstract

Studies related to climate variability and change, hydrological designs, crop planning etc., require long-term homogeneous datasets. Since homogeneous climate data is not available for climate analysis in countries like India, the present study emphases on quality control of meteorological data. Ten raingauge stations were selected for the study in Vaippar basin. This study concludes that precipitation daily time series are fairly homogeneous. Meteorological data filling was done using normal ratio method. The homogeneity and consistency check of data was carried out using visual interpretation and double mass curve analysis. Results show no suspicious values and no break in double mass curves which shows homogeneity and consistency. The relationship between monsoon rainfall and SST also suggest that not all the ENSO events were associated with drought.

Abstract

In the present era, concrete is mixed, transported, placed, compacted, and finished. In spite of all the activities done through checking with high standard quality with tight schedule of work, there occurs marginal errors, such as honey combing, voids in concrete, and could not achieve desired values. So the traditional concerte is replaced with the new technique called SCC, that is Self Compaction Concrete. The workability properties of SCC show significant increase in strength and workability properties. Self Compacting Concrete has segregation resistance evaluated using workability tests, such as slump flow, V funnel, and L-Box tests.

The present work deals with addition of nano-silica to concrete as partial replacement to cement in dosages of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight of cement. Based on early research, M25 grade concrete has been chosen for this work. The mix design was prepared using IS: 10262-2009 guidelines for concrete mix design proportioning. In the present work, 24 numbers of cube moulds and 12 numbers of cylinder moulds were casted with addition of nano-silica with different proportions, which are tested for compressive strength and split tensile strength. Addition of nano-silica to normal cement concrete show increase in compressive strength and decrease in splitting tensile strength.

The compressive strength of cement concrete can be increased considerably by the addition of nano-silica. Based on the experimental results, use of nano-Silica as partial replacement of cement in small quantities is advantageous on the performance of concrete. Nano-Silica added in small quantities can improve the compressive strength.