i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

Behavioral Studies on Sorptivity of the Concrete Blended with Nano Silica
Optimization of Lane Based Signalized Intersections through VISSIM at Outer Ring Road Bengaluru
Trend Analysis of Rainfall Data using Mann-Kendall Test and Sen's Slope Estimator
A Review on Sustainable Utilization of Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) for the Production of Mortar and Concrete
A Critical Review of Experimental Research on the Durability of Cement Modified with Partial Steel Slag Replacement

Most Cited

Volume 1 Issue 1 December - February 2011

Research Paper

Whole life cycle costing for Highway Infrastructure Maintenance

Renica C. Mapfunde* , John P. Davis, Mark Hall*, Steve Jones****

* Research Engineer, EngD in Systems, Balfour Beatty Major Civil Engineering, Redhill, Surrey, UK.

Professorial Teaching Fellow, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, UK.

* Senior Lecturer in Management, Department of Management, University of Bristol, UK.

**** Asset Manager, Balfour Beatty Mott MacDonald JV, Hempton Court, Bristol.

Mapfunde, R, C., Davis, J, P., Hall, M., and Jones, S. (2011). Whole Life Cycle Costing For Highway Infrastructure Maintenance. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1356

Abstract

The UK Highways Agency (HA) is responsible for the operating, maintaining and continual improvement of the strategic road network in England which is made up of 14 asset groups. This public asset valued at about £88 billion and handles traffic volumes of nearly 140 billion vehicle kilometres a year requires about £900 million every year (NAO, 2009) to maintain it in a safe, serviceable and sustainable condition. This paper demonstrates that effective highway asset management requires the asset owner to optimally and sustainably manage their asset and asset systems, their associated performance, risks and maintenance costs over the asset’s whole life cycle to ensure that the asset demonstrates value for money over the long-term and that it fulfils its stakeholder requirements. There is a lack of good quality current and historical data that can be used to prioritise asset intervention activities and to minimise whole life cycle costs (WLCC). This research paper presents work done to date to develop four deterioration models for four highway asset groups.

References

[1]. Ardit, D., Messiha, H.M. (1999). Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) in municipal organizations, Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 5(1), 1-10.

[2]. Asiedu, Y., and Gu, P. (1998). Product life cycle cost analysis: state of the art review, International Journal of Production Research, 36(4), 883-908.

[3]. Byrne, P. (1997). Fuzzy DCF: a contradiction in terms, or a way to better investment appraisal? Paper presented to RICS 'Cutting Edge' Conference, London, 5–6 September.

[4]. Burns, P., Hope, D., and Roorda, J. (1999). Managing infrastructure for the next generation, Automation in Construction, 8, 689-703.

[5]. CIRIA C677 (2009), Whole life Infrastructure asset management: Good Practice Guide for Civil Infrastructure.

[6]. Dornan, D., Bajadek, E.C., and Mac-Nemee, P.(1999). Deferred maintenance pavement performance curve, Understanding GASB 34's Infrastructure Reporting Requirements, a PricewaterhouseCoopers white paper, October 1999.

[7]. Dornan, D.L. (2002). Asset Management - Remedy for addressing the physical challenges facing Highway infrastructure, International Journal of Transport Management, 1, 41-54.

[8]. Edwards, P.J., and Bowen, P.A. (1998). Practices, barriers and benefits of risk management process in building services cost estimation: comment, Construction Management and Economics, 16, 105-8.

[9]. Egan, J. L. (1998), Rethinking construction: The report of the Construction Task Force to the Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, on the scope for improving the quality and efficiency of UK construction, Report, Department of the Environment, Transport, and the Regions, London.

[10]. EI-Haram, M.A., Marenjak, S., and Homer, M.W. (2002). Development of a generic framework for collecting whole life cost data for the building industry, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 8(2), 144-51.

[11]. Emblemsvag, J. (2001). Activity-based life-cycle costing, Managerial Auditing Journal, 16, (1), 17-27.

[12]. Engelhardt, M., Savic, D., Skipworth, P., Cashman, A., Saul, A., and Walters, G. (2003). Whole life costing: application to water distribution network, Water Supply, 3(1-2), 87-93.

[13]. Fabrycky, W.J., and Blanchard, B.S. (1991). Life Cycle Cost and Economic Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

[14]. Flanagan, R., Kendell, A., Norman, G. and Robinson, G. (1987). Life cycle costing and risk management, Construction Management and Economics, 5, 53-71.

[15]. Highway Agency Strategic Plan (2010-2015) http://www.highways.gov.uk/aboutus/documents/NPPD_Strategic_Plan_-_Final1.pdf.

[16]. Hudson, R., Ralph, H., and Waheed, U. (1997). Infrastructure Management: Integrating Design, Construction, Maintenance, Rehabilitation, and Renovation. McGraw-Hill, New York.

[17]. Jackson, C.B. (2002). The Changing Face of Continuity Planning, Information Systems Security, 10(6), 18-21.

[18]. Kirkham, R.J., Boussabaine, A.H., and Awwad, B.H. (2002). Probability distributions of facilities management costs for whole life cycle costing in acute care NHS hospital buildings, Construction Management and Economics, 20, 251-61.

[19]. Kirkham, J.R. (2005). Re-engineering the whole life cycle costing process, Construction Management and Economics, 23, 9-14.

[20]. Kishk, M. (2001). An integrated fuzzy approach to whole-life costing based decision making, unpublished PhD thesis, The Scott Sutherland School, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen.

[21]. Kishk, (2004). Combining various facets of uncertainty in whole-life cost modelling, Construction Management and Economics, 22, 429-435.

[22]. Korpi, E., and Ala-Risku, T. (2008). Life cycle costing: a review of published case studies, Managerial Auditing Journal, 23 (3), 240-261.

[23]. Latham, M. (1994), Constructing the Team: Industry Review of Procurement and Contractual Arrangements in the United Kingdom Construction Industry, Final Report of the Government. HMSO, London.

[24]. Lemer, A.C. (1996). Infrastructure obsolescence and design service life, Journal of Infrastructure Systems 2 (4), 153-161.

[25]. Lemer, A.C. (1999). Building public works infrastructure management systems for achieving high return on public assets, Public Works Management and Policy 3 (3), 255–272.

[26]. Lindholm, A., and Suomala, P. (2004). The possibilities of life cycle costing in outsourcing decision making, in Seppa¨, M., Jarvelin, A-M., Kujala, J., Ruohonen, M., Tiainen, T. (Eds), Proceedings of e-Business Research Forum eBRF 2004, Tampere, Finland, 226-241.

[27]. Martin, T., and Roper, R. (1997a.). ARRB Research Report 306 – A Parametric Study of the Influence of Maintenance and Rehabilitation Strategies on Network Life Cycle Costs. ARRB Transport Research Ltd, Victoria, Australia.

[28]. McNeil, S., Tischer, M.L., and DeBlasio, A.J. (2000). Asset Management: What is the Fuss? Transportation Research Record 1729, Transportation Management and Education. Transportation Research Board.

[29]. Meacham, B., Bowen, R., Traw, J. and Moore, A. (2005). Performance-based building regulation: current situation and future needs, Building Research & Information, 33(2), 91–106.

[30]. National Audit Office, (2009), Contracting for Highways Maintenance, Stationery Office, London.

[31]. New Civil Engineer, (2010), http://www.nce.co.uk/ news/transport/highways-agency-announces-reform-of-maintenance-contracts/8609038.article.

[32]. Pasquire, C., and Swaffield, L. (2002). Life-cycle /Whole-life costing, In: Kelly, J., Morledge, R. and Wilkinson, S. (eds.) Best value in construction, Blackwell Sciences, Oxford.

[33]. Publicly Available Specification, (PAS 55-1: 2008), Part 1 Specification for the optimised management of physical assets, BSI, ISBN: 978 0 580 50975 9, UK

[34]. Santora, M., and Rande, W. (2008). Water infrastructure in crisis, Public Management, 90(11). 17-20.

[35]. Shewan E. Kovacs, (1995). Enterprise-wide integrated infrastructure asset management, Public Works, 126 (10), 66–69.

[36]. Straub, A. (2007). Performance-based maintenance partnering: a promising concept, Journal of Facilities Management, 5(2), 129–142.

[37]. Straub, A. (2009). Cost savings from performance based maintenance contracting, International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 13, 205–217.

[38]. Van Mossel, J.H. (2008). The purchasing of maintenance service delivery in the Dutch social housing sector, Optimising commodity strategies for delivering maintenance services to tenants, IOS Press, Amsterdam.

[39]. Woodward, D. (1997). Life cycle costing – theory, information acquisition and application, International Journal of Project Management, 15 (6), 335-44.

[40]. White, G. E., Ostwald, P.F. (1976). Life cycle costing, Management Accounting, 39, (40 & 42).

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Research Paper

Development of Fuzzy Model to Backcalculate Surface Modulus from FWD Data

Mesbah Ahmed* , Rafiqul A. Tarefder**

* Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA.

Ahmed, M, U., and Tarefder, R, A. (2011). Development Of Fuzzy Model To Back Calculate Surface Modulus From FWD Data. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1357

Abstract

Backcalculation of modulus values from Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) data is one of the most popular practices all over the world for pavement evaluation. Pavement rehabilitation method and timing depend on the existing stiffness or modulus of pavement layer materials. This study develops a fuzzy model to backcalculate modulus of pavement layers. Specifically, Modified Learning From Example (MLFE) based fuzzy rule is employed to determine modulus from the magnitude of FWD test loads and maximum deflection. To generate training dataset, an axi-symmetric Finite Element Model (FEM) is developed to simulate surface deflections in response to given load and trial layer modulus. These loads, deflections, and modulus of elasticity are then trained by MLFE rule to develop a fuzzy model. Recursive Least Square (RLS) error is used to improve the accuracy of the model by updating the MLFE parameters. Surface moduli from this fuzzy model are compared to those from BAKFAA, a backcalculation software developed by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Results from fuzzy model and BAKFAA are reasonably comparable.

References

[1]. Ameri, M., Yavari, N., and Scullion, T. (2009). Comparison of Static and Dynamic Backcalculation of Flexible Pavement Layers Moduli using four Software, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 197-210.

[2]. ASTM D 4694-96. (1996). Standard Test Method for Deflections with a Falling Weight-Type Impulse Load Device, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.03, Road and Paving Materials; Paving Management Technology.

[3]. Bayrak, M. B., and Ceylan, H. (2008). Neural Network-Based Approach for Analysis of Rigid Pavement Systems Using Deflection Data, Transportation Research Record, pp. 61-698.

[4]. Burmister, D. M. (1943). The Theory of Stresses and Displacement in Layered Systems and Applications to the Design of Airport Runways, Proceedings, Highway Research Board , Vol.23, pp.126-144.

[5]. Burmister, D. M. (1945). The General Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Soil Systems, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 16, pp. 84-94.

[6]. Göktepe, A. B., Agar, E. and Lav, A. H. (2007). Comparison of Multilayer Perceptron and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy System on Backcalculating the Mechanical Properties of Flexible Pavements, ARI The Bulletin of the Istanbul Technical University, Vol. 54, No. 3, Received Dec. 31.

[7]. Huang, Y. H. (2004). Pavement Analysis and Design, 2nd Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Pearson Education Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ.

[8]. Ji, Y., Wang, F., Luan, M., and Guo, Z. (2006). A Simplified Approach for Dynamic Responses of Flexible Pavement and Applications in Time domain Backcalculation, The Journal of American Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2.

[9]. Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T. and Flannery, B. P. (2007). NUMERICAL RECIPES: The Art of Scientific Computing, 3rd Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

[10]. Mahoney, J. P., Coetzee, N. F., Stubstad, R. N., and Lee, S. W. (1989). A Performance Comparison of Selected Backcalculation Computer Programs, Nondestructive Testing of Pavements and Backcalculation of Moduli, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), STP 1026, pp. 470-486.

[11]. Ross. T. J. (2002). Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., West Sussex, England.

[12]. Saltan, M., Modeling Deflection Basin Using Neurofuzzy in Backcalculating Flexible Pavement Layer Moduli, Pakistan Journal of Information and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 180-187, 2002.

[13]. Timoshenko, S. P., and Goodier, J. N. (1970) Theory of Elasticity, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y.

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Research Paper

Finite Element Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams With and Without Web Reinforcement

Sudheer Reddy* , N.V. Ramana Rao, T. D. Gunneswara Rao*

* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Technology, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. India.

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reddy, S, L., Rao, R, N. V., and Rao, G, T. D. (2011). Finite Element Analysis Of High Strength Concrete Beams With And Without Web Reinforcement . i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 26-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1355

Abstract

A non linear finite element analysis is conducted using ANSYS10 a finite element package on eight high strength concrete beams (M70) varying shear span to depth ratio (a/d=1, 2, 3 and 4) to evaluate shear resistance with and without web reinforcement. The study emphasize on the effect on shear span to depth ratio on shear resistance , the effectiveness of web reinforcement under shear loading and behaviour of high strength concrete beams in pre and post cracking regions with and without web reinforcement. In this course of research eight beams are cast and tested under shear loading for a/d=1, 2, 3 and 4 (two beams for each a/d ratio) with and without web reinforcement, the results indicate the increase in the cracking shear resistance noticeably and ultimate shear strength moderately. The improvement in shear strength of high strength concrete beams with and without shear reinforcement for shear span to depth ratios (a/d = 1, 2, 3 & 4) is significantly established by comparing the experimental results of beams and analytical results evaluated from ANSYS. The results show a good agreement between analytical and experimental data. Finally, the results presented are useful information for development of shear model to predict shear strength of high strength concrete beams.

References

[1]. Bazant, Z.P., and Kim, J. K. (1986). “Size Effect in Shear Failure of Longitudinally reinforced beams”, ACI Journal Proceedings Vol. 83, No 2 Mar- Apr., pp. 456-468.

[2]. Zsutty, T. C., “Shear Strength Predictions for Separate Categories of Simple Beam Tests”, ACI Journal, Proceedings, 68(2) (1971), pp. 138–143.

[3]. Piotr Paczkowski and Andrezej, Nowak, S. (2008). “Shear Resistance of Reinforced Beams without Web Reinforcement”., Architecture Civil Engineering Environment Journal, No. 1/. pp 99-112.

[4]. Jin-Kuen Kim and Yon-Dong Park. (1996). Prediction of Shear Strength of Reinforced Beams without Web Reinforcement., ACI Materials Journal, Vol 93, No. 3, May- Jun. pp. 213-221.

[5]. Imran A. Bukhari and Saeed Ahmed. (2003), Evaluation of Shear Strength of High Strength Concrete Beams without Stirrups., The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, Number 2B, October, pp.323-335.

[6]. Ahmad, S.H., Khaloo, A.R., and Poveda, A. (1986), Shear Capacity of Reinforced High Strength Concrete Beams, ACI Journal, 83(2), 297-305.

[7]. Batchelor, B., Shear in R.C. (1981). Beams without Web Reinforcement, Journal of Structural Division, 107(ST5), pp. 907–919.

[8]. Elahi, A. (2003). Effect of Reinforcement Ratio and Shear Span on Shear Strength of High-strength Concrete Beams, MSc Thesis, Taxila University.

[9]. Elzanaty, A.H., Nilson, A.H., and Slate. F.O. (1986). Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using High-strength Concrete, ACI Journal Proceedings, 83(2), pp. 290–296.

[10]. Reineck, K. H., Kuchma, D., Kim, K.S., and Marx, S. (2003). Shear Database for Reinforced Concrete Members Without Shear Reinforcement, ACI Structural Journal, 100(2), pp. 240–249.

[11]. Niwa, J., Yamada, K., Yokozawa, K., and Okamura, H. (1987). “Reevaluation of The Equation for Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Web Reinforcement,” Concrete Library International of JSCE, No.9, June, pp.65-84.

[12]. Okamura, H., and Higai, T. (1993). “Proposed Design Equation for Shear Strength of Reinforced concrete Beams without Web Reinforcement,” Concrete Library International of JSCE, V.1, July, pp.96-106.

[13]. Berg, F. j. (1962). “Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams Without Web Reinforcement”, Journal of ACI, 59(11), pp. 1587–1599.

[14]. Ferguson. P.M. (1956). Some Implications of recent Diagonal Tension Tests, Journal of ACI, 28(2), pp.157-172.

[15]. Taylor, R. (1960). Some Shear Tests on Reinforced Concrete Beams Without Shear Reinforcement, Magazine of Concrete Research, 12(36), pp. 145–154.

[16]. Fanning, P. (2001). Non-linear models for reinforced and post-tensioned concrete beams, Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 2, pp.111-119.

[17]. Kotosov, M. D. and Pavlovic, M. N. (2004). Size effects in beams with smaller shear span to depth ratios, Computers and Structures, 82, pp. 143-156.

[18]. Zhao, Z. Z., Kwan, A. K. H., and He, X. G. (2004). Non-linear finite element analysis of deep reinforced concrete coupling beams, Eng. Struct. 26, pp. 13-25.

[19]. IS 12089:1987, Indian Standard code forspecification for granulated slag for manufacture of portland slag cement.

[20]. Erntroy, H.C, and Shacklock, B.W. (1954). Design of High Strength Concrete mixes, Proceedings of a symposia on Mix Design and Quality Control of Concrete, Cement and Concrete Association, London, May, pp.55-65.

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Research Paper

Characteristic Study on Rubbercrete - An Innovative Construction Material Produced Through Waste Tyre Rubber

T. Senthil Vadivel* , R. Thenmozhi**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

Vadivel, S, T. and Thenmozhi, R. (2011). Characteristic Study On Rubbercrete - An Innovative Construction Material Produced Through Waste Tyre Rubber. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1350

Abstract

Recent investigation accounted that more than one billion tyres are scrapped annually throughout the world, as we know rubber materials are durable, flexible and elastic which are the basic properties required for manufacturing of tyre that itself engender critical problem of managing when it become waste. When waste tyre dumped into the land it takes 100 years to decompose and it enmesh water behaves as best breeding grounds for insects produce health hazards to the human society. While charring tyres produces toxic gases and generates pollution to the environment. To alternate the aforesaid methods, the tyre wastes are tried as replacement material in concrete either as fine or coarse aggregate by volume batching but no researcher suggested the optimal usage of this waste tyre rubber. The current research investigates the optimal consumption of shredded rubber and truck tyre rubber in concrete called in the name of Rubbercrete. A total of 72 cubes, cylinders and flexure beams of M20 and M25 grade concrete were cast and tested for the combined replacement of both fine and coarse aggregates simultaneously with that of shredded rubber and truck tyre rubber chiseled into nominal size of coarse aggregate by 2, 4, 6 and 8% in concrete by weigh batching. The test results were compared with 18 numbers of conventional specimens and it was identified that 6% of replacement performs better in compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength and hence it is being optimal replacement.

References

[1]. Ali, A.M.and Goulias, D.G. (1996). “Enhancement of Portland Cements Concrete with Tyre Rubber”,12th International Conference On Solid Waste Management, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,PA,Nov.

[2]. Amirkhanian, S.N. and Arnold, L.C. (2001). “A Feasibility Study of the use of Waste Tyres in Asphaltic Concrete Mixtures”, Report No. FHWA-SC-92-04, Jan.

[3]. Eldin, N. and Senuci, A.B. (2002). “Experts Join Panels to Guide Industry and Asphalt Rubber Technology Transfer”, Advisory Committee-RPA, Annual Meeting, May.

[4]. Fairburn, B. and Larson, J. (2001). “Experience with Asphalt Rubber Concrete – An Overview and Future Direction”, National Seminar on Asphalt Rubber, Cansas City, Missouri, Nov., pp 417-431.

[5]. Goulias, D.G. and Ali. A.H. (1998). “Evaluation of Rubber Filled Concrete and Correlation between Destructive and Non-destructive Testing Results”, Cement, Concrete and Aggregate, CCAGDP, Vol. 20, No.1, pp 140-144.

[6]. Joe, P.E., and Chandler, A.Z. (1992). “Asphalt – Rubber System in Road Rehabilitation” Board of Asphalt Rubber Pavements, Technical Committee, Mar.

[7]. Larson, J. (2003). “Mixing of Old Tyres Inflates Potential for Commercial Projects, Roads”, Arizona Republic, May.

[8]. Senthil Vadivel, T. and Thenmozhi, R. (2010). “Experimental Study on Waste Rubber Replaced Concrete”, International Conference on Environmental Sustainability and Green Building Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, March, pp 148-151.

[9]. Topcu, I. B. (1995). “The Properties of Rubberised Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, No. 25, 1995, pp.304-310.

[10]. Toutanji, H. A. (1996). “The Use of Rubber Tyre Particles in Concrete to Replace Mineral Aggregate,” Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 18, pp.135-139.

[11]. Zhu, A.H. (1999). “Florida's Experience Utilizing Crumb Tyre Rubber in Road Pavements”, National Seminar on Asphalt Rubber, Cansas City, Missouri, PP-499-535.

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Research Paper

Site Specific Response Spectrum and Time History Analysis of Shear Walled Buildings

Paresh Patel*

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad.

Patel, P, V. (2011). Site Specific Response Spectrum And Time History Analysis Of Shear Walled Building. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1354

Abstract

For estimation of seismic forces on buildings IS: 1893-2002 specified response spectra are used. Code specified zone factor and response spectra are applicable for the general soil conditions. But the peak ground acceleration and seismic effects on buildings depend on sub soil condition, as evident from damages occurred to buildings of Ahmedabad during Bhuj Earthquake. In the present paper response of soil to seismic event is evaluated in terms of site specific response spectra and acceleration time history at ground surface using software ProSHAKE. The site specific response spectrum obtained at various sites of Ahmedabad are compared with the standard response spectrum given in IS 1893:2002 for medium soil condition. The dynamic response spectrum and time history analysis of 3-D shear wall framed buildings, with different shear wall positions, is carried out using ETABS software. Comparisons of analysis results obtained in terms of time period, base shear and design forces in ground floor shear wall considering site specific response spectrum, acceleration time history and IS 1893:2002 standard response spectrum are carried out.

References

[1]. Kramer, Steven L. “Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering”, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996.

[2]. Govinda Raju, L., Ramana, G. V., Hanumantha Rao, C. and Sitharam, T. G. (2004), “Site-Specific Ground Response Analysis,” Current Science, Vol.87, No.10, pp.1354-1362.

[3]. Steven L. Kramer and Sarah B. Paulsen “Practical Use of Geotechnical Site Response Models” University of Washington , Seattle , Washington pp.1-10.

[4]. EduPro Civil Systems, Inc., “ProSHAKE Ground Response Analysis Program, Version 1.1”, User Manual, Redmond, Washington.

[5]. IS1893: (Part I)-2002, “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures” (Part 1) Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[6]. Wilson E. L., and Habibullah A.(2002). “Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems ETABS Version 9.0.7”, Users manual, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California.

[7]. Chopra, Anil K.(2001). Dynamics of Structures, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

[8]. Saatcioglu, Murat and Humar, JagMohan, (2003). “Dynamic analysis of buildings for earthquake resistant design”, Can. J. Civ. Eng. Vol. 30, pp. 338–359

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 1 Issue 1 December - February 2011

Whole life cycle costing for Highway Infrastructure Maintenance

Renica C. Mapfunde* , John P. Davis**, Mark Hall***, Steve Jones****

Mapfunde, R, C., Davis, J, P., Hall, M., and Jones, S. (2011). Whole Life Cycle Costing For Highway Infrastructure Maintenance. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1356

Abstract

References

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Development of Fuzzy Model to Backcalculate Surface Modulus from FWD Data

Mesbah Ahmed* , Rafiqul A. Tarefder**

* Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA.

Ahmed, M, U., and Tarefder, R, A. (2011). Development Of Fuzzy Model To Back Calculate Surface Modulus From FWD Data. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1357

Abstract

References

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Finite Element Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams With and Without Web Reinforcement

Sudheer Reddy* , N.V. Ramana Rao**, T. D. Gunneswara Rao***

Reddy, S, L., Rao, R, N. V., and Rao, G, T. D. (2011). Finite Element Analysis Of High Strength Concrete Beams With And Without Web Reinforcement . i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 26-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1355

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Characteristic Study on Rubbercrete - An Innovative Construction Material Produced Through Waste Tyre Rubber

T. Senthil Vadivel* , R. Thenmozhi**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

Vadivel, S, T. and Thenmozhi, R. (2011). Characteristic Study On Rubbercrete - An Innovative Construction Material Produced Through Waste Tyre Rubber. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1350

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Site Specific Response Spectrum and Time History Analysis of Shear Walled Buildings

Paresh Patel*

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad.

Patel, P, V. (2011). Site Specific Response Spectrum And Time History Analysis Of Shear Walled Building. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 1(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.1.1.1354

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

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Renica C. Mapfunde* , John P. Davis, Mark Hall*, Steve Jones****

* Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA.

Sudheer Reddy* , N.V. Ramana Rao, T. D. Gunneswara Rao*

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.