i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality (JAVR)

Current Issue Vol. 2 Issue 1

Immersive Virtual Reality to Improve Functional Capabilities in People with Multiple Sclerosis Disorder
Autonomous Robots for Hospital Logistics and Patient Care: An Effective Way for Elderly Care and Monitoring
Augmented Reality in Healthcare: Principle Components, Domain Modeling, and Design-Development-Validation Process
Virtual Reality and Serious Games in Healthcare
Nanorobots and its Advancements in Medical Field

Most Cited

Volume 1 Issue 1 January - June 2023

Research Paper

Synthetic Audio and Video Generation for Language Translation using GANs

Aynaan Quraishi* , Jaydeep Jethwa, Shiwani Gupta*

*-***Department of Computer Engineering, Thakur College of Engineering, & Technology, Mumbai, India.

Quraishi, A., Jethwa, J., and Gupta, S. (2023). Synthetic Audio and Video Generation for Language Translation using GANs. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.19412

Abstract

Language barriers create a digital divide that prevents people from benefiting from the vast amount of content produced worldwide. In addition, content creators face challenges in producing content in multiple languages to reach a wider audience. To address this problem, this study proposed a solution through a survey that utilized Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), Natural Language Processing (NPL), and Computer Vision. A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is a Machine Learning (ML) model in which two neural networks compete with each other by using deep learning methods to obtain more accurate predictions. The solution provided in this study can generate synthesized videos that are close to reality, ultimately bridging the language barrier and providing access to content.

References

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[2]. Baevski, A., Zhou, Y., Mohamed, A., & Auli, M. (2020). wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33, 12449-12460.

[3]. Denton, E. L., Chintala, S., & Fergus, R. (2015). Deep generative image models using a laplacian pyramid of adversarial networks. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 28, 1-9.

[4]. Googletrans. (n.d.).

[5]. Guven, B. (2020). Extracting Audio from Video using Python.

[6]. Hugging Face. (n.d.). Wav2Vec2.

[7]. Kushal, L., Evgeny, K., Wei-Ning, H., Yossi, A., Adam, P., Tu-Anh, N., ... & Emmanuel, D. (2021). Generative spoken language modeling from raw audio. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 9, 1336–1354.

[8]. Librosa. (n.d.).

[9]. Markowitz, D. (2021). AI Dubs Over Subs? Translating and Dubbing Videos with AI.

[10]. Mathieu, M. F., Zhao, J. J., Zhao, J., Ramesh, A., Sprechmann, P., & LeCun, Y. (2016). Disentangling factors of variation in deep representation using adversarial training. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 29, 1-9.

[11]. Mathieu, M., Couprie, C., & LeCun, Y. (2015). Deep multi-scale video prediction beyond mean square error. arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.05440.

[12]. Pathak, D., Krahenbuhl, P., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., & Efros, A. A. (2016). Context encoders: Feature learning by inpainting. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 2536-2544).

[13]. Prajwal, K. R., Mukhopadhyay, R., Namboodiri, V. P., & Jawahar, C. V. (2020, October). A lip sync expert is all you need for speech to lip generation in the wild. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (pp. 484-492).

[14]. Radford, A., Metz, L., & Chintala, S. (2015). Unsupervised representation learning with deep convolutional generative adversarial networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.06434.

[15]. Reed, S., Akata, Z., Yan, X., Logeswaran, L., Schiele, B., & Lee, H. (2016, June). Generative adversarial text to image synthesis. In International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 1060-1069). PMLR.

[16]. Salimans, T., Goodfellow, I., Zaremba, W., Cheung, V., Radford, A., & Chen, X. (2016). Improved Techniques for Training Gans. arXiv:1606.03498.

[17]. The World Counts. (n.d.). State of the Planet.

[18]. TorToise. (n.d.).

[19]. Twinword. (n.d.). 6 Common Features of Top 250 YouTube Channels.

[20]. Vondrick, C., Pirsiavash, H., & Torralba, A. (2016). Generating videos with scene dynamics. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 29, 1-9.

[21]. Wu, J., Zhang, C., Xue, T., Freeman, B., & Tenenbaum, J. (2016). Learning a probabilistic latent space of object shapes via 3d generative-adversarial modeling. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 29, 1-9.

[22]. Yonash, S. (2022). From Wav2Vec2 to Decoded Sentences.

[23]. Zhao, J., Mathieu, M., & LeCun, Y. (2016). Energybased generative adversarial network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.03126.

[24]. Zhou, T., Krahenbuhl, P., Aubry, M., Huang, Q., & Efros, A. A. (2016). Learning dense correspondence via 3d-guided cycle consistency. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 117-126).

[25]. Zhu, J. Y., Krähenbühl, P., Shechtman, E., & Efros, A. A. (2016). Generative visual manipulation on the natural image manifold. In Computer Vision–ECCV 2016, 14, 597-613. Springer International Publishing.

[26]. Zhu, J. Y., Park, T., Isola, P., & Efros, A. A. (2017). Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycleconsistent adversarial networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 2223-2232).

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Review Paper

Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies in Surgical Operating Systems

Ushaa Eswaran* , Vishal Eswaran**

* Indira Institute of Technology and Sciences, Markapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Consumer Value Store Health Centre, Dallas, Texas, United States.

Eswaran, U., and Eswaran, V. (2023). Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies in Surgical Operating Systems. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.20052

Abstract

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have been used to transform surgical operating systems by enhancing visualization, preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and surgical training. AR and VR are simulated imaging tools used in surgery. Using 2D and 3D image rendering from VR/AR tools, surgeons can mimic real surgical procedures and anatomy, thereby boosting preparedness and efficiency in the operating room. However, validity, cost, training requirements, and ethical concerns remain. This study provided a comprehensive review of AR/VR applications across surgical workflows. A conceptual framework was proposed which included safety, accuracy, regulation, education, and workflow integration. Future research must balance innovation with clinical prudence to realize the potential of AR/VR while managing risks. This review synthesizes insights that serve as a knowledge base for transforming surgical systems using immersive technologies.

References

[1]. Alaker, M., Wynn, G. R., & Arulampalam, T. (2016). Virtual reality training in laparoscopic surgery: A systematic review & meta-analysis. International Journal of Surgery, 29, 85-94.

[2]. Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., & MacIntyre, B. (2001). Recent advances in augmented reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21(6), 34-47.

[3]. Bork, F., Stratmann, L., Enssle, S., Eck, U., Navab, N., Waschke, J., & Kugelmann, D. (2019). The benefits of an augmented reality magic mirror system for integrated radiology teaching in gross anatomy. Anatomical Sciences Education, 12(6), 634-644.

[4]. Botella, C., Garcia-Palacios, A., Vizcaíno, Y., Herrero, R., Baños, R. M., & Belmonte, M. A. (2013). Virtual reality in the treatment of fibromyalgia: A pilot study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 1516(3), 215-223.

[5]. Chen, X., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Wang, F., Zeng, X., ... & Egger, J. (2015). Development of a surgical navigation system based on augmented reality using an optical see-through head-mounted display. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 55, 124-131.

[6]. Edgcumbe, P., Pratt, P., Nguan, C. Y., & Rohling, R. (2018). Preliminary experience with augmented reality integrated ultrasound in hepatobiliary surgery. Surgical Endoscopy, 32(4), 1864-1871.

[7]. Elmi-Terander, A., Skulason, H., Söderman, M., Raciti, M., Homan, R., van der Meer, F., ... & Burström, G. (2016). Surgical navigation technology based on augmented reality and integrated 3D intraoperative imaging: A spine cadaveric feasibility and accuracy study. Spine, 41(21), E1303-E1311.

[8]. Higginbotham, G. (2021). Virtual connections: improving global neurosurgery through immersive technologies. Frontiers in Surgery, 8, 629963.

[9]. Kono, K., Dorthe, E. W., Tomita, T., Tanaka, S., Angibaud, L., & D'Lima, D.D. (2022). Intraoperative knee kinematics measured by computer-assisted navigation and intraoperative ligament balance have the potential to predict postoperative knee kinematics. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 40(7), 1538-1546.

[10]. Longo, U. G., De Salvatore, S., Candela, V., Zollo, G., Calabrese, G., Fioravanti, S., & Denaro, V. (2021). Augmented reality, virtual reality and artificial intelligence in orthopedic surgery: A systematic review. Applied Sciences, 11(7), 3253.

[11]. Okamura, A. M. (2004). Methods for haptic feedback in teleoperated robot assisted surgery. Industrial Robot: An International Journal, 31(6), 499-508.

[12]. Paro, M. R., Hersh, D. S., & Bulsara, K. R. (2022). History of virtual reality and augmented reality in neurosurgical training. World Neurosurgery.

[13]. Satava, R. M., & Jones, S. B. (2001). Current and future applications of virtual reality for medicine. Proceedings of the IEEE, 86(3), 484-489.

[14]. Seymour, N. E., Gallagher, A. G., Roman, S. A., O'brien, M. K., Bansal, V. K., Andersen, D. K., & Satava, R. M. (2002). Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: Results of a randomized, double-blinded study. Annals of Surgery, 236(4), 458-464.

[15]. Sielhorst, T., Feuerstein, M., & Navab, N. (2008). Advanced medical displays: A literature review of augmented reality. Journal of Display Technology, 4(4), 451-467.

[16]. Teber, D., Guven, S., Simpfendörfer, T., Baumhauer, M., Güven, E. O., Yencilek, F., ... & Rassweiler, J. (2009). Augmented reality: a new tool to improve surgical accuracy during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy? Preliminary in vitro and in vivo results. European Urology, 56(2), 332-338.

[17]. Vávra, P., Roman, J., Zonča, P., Ihnát, P., Němec, M., Kumar, J., Habib, N., & El-Gendi, A. (2017). Recent development of augmented reality in surgery: a review. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2017.

[18]. Wang, C., Zheng, Y., Tomaževič, D., Liao, H., Shrestha, P. M., Jonnadula, M., ... & De Lorenzo, A. (2021). Federated semi-supervised learning for COVID region segmentation in chest CT using multi-national data from China, Italy, Japan. Medical Image Analysis, 74, 102199.

[19]. Yuk, F. J., Maragkos, G. A., Sato, K., & Steinberger, J. (2021). Current innovation in virtual and augmented reality in spine surgery. Annals of Translational Medicine, 9(1).

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Review Paper

Robot Artist and XY Plotter for the Generation of Modern Art

P. L. N. Prakash Kumar* , Rohit Kota, U. Prudhvi Chowdary*

*-*** Department of Computer Science, University College of Arts & Science, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kumar, P. L. N. P., Kota, R., and Chowdary, U. P. (2023). Robot Artist and XY Plotter for the Generation of Modern Art. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.19249

Abstract

The interactive nature of coding has led to its increasing use in the field of art, where it is used to create interactive, generative, and immersive artwork. The use of XY plotters has the potential to revolutionize the way modern art is created and distributed. XY plotters are computer-controlled drawing machines that use a pen or marker to create images or designs based on a digital input. It is relatively inexpensive and easy to use, making it accessible to artists. By using XY plotters, the cost and time required to produce and distribute art, making it more accessible and sustainable for artists and collectors can be reduced. This study explores the use of AI, robotics, and XY plotters, in the creation of modern art, examining the benefits and challenges of this technology and considering its potential impact on the art world. The concept of stippling, which is particularly effective at clearly representing smooth, rounded objects without sharp edges are also discussed.

References

[1]. Ardumotive. (n.d.). Arduino Mini CNC Plotter from cd/dvd drives!

[2]. Electronicshacks. (n.d.). Arduino WiFi Projects.

[3]. Gülzow, J. M., Paetzold, P., & Deussen, O. (2020). Recent developments regarding painting robots for research in automatic painting, artificial creativity, and machine learning. Applied Sciences, 10(10), 3396.

[4]. Gurpinar, C., Alasag, T., & Kose, H. (2012, May). Humanoid robot painter assisted by a human. In 2012 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO) (pp. 79-82). IEEE.

[5]. Instructables. (n.d.). Yours for the Making.

[6]. Jegan, R. R., Gnanasundaram, E., Gowtham, M., Sivanesan, R., & Thiyagarajan, D. (2018, April). Modern design and implementation of XY plotter. In 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT) (pp. 1651-1654). IEEE.

[7]. Lau, M. C., Anderson, J., & Baltes, J. (2019). A sketch drawing humanoid robot using image-based visual servoing. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 34, e18.

[8]. Pinhiero, A., Jose, B., Chacko, T., & Nazim, T. N. (2016). Mini CNC Plotter. International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, 4(4), 187-188.

[9]. Reas, C., & Fry, B. (2007). Processing: A Programming Handbook for Visual Designers and Artists. Mit Press.

[10]. Secord, A. (2002, June). Weighted voronoi stippling. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (pp. 37-43).

[11]. Song, D., Lee, T., & Kim, Y. J. (2018, May). Artistic pen drawing on an arbitrary surface using an impedancecontrolled robot. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) (pp. 4085-4090). IEEE.

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Review Paper

A Comprehensive Review of Augmented Reality in Education and Medical Fields

R. P. Sherina*

Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Arunachala College of Engineering for Women, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sherina, R. P. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of Augmented Reality in Education and Medical Fields. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.20079

Abstract

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes digital information on the real world. This information can be visual, auditory, or haptic in nature. In education, AR can be used to create interactive and immersive learning experiences that help students learn more effectively. AR can be used to improve surgical procedures, train medical professionals, and educate patients. This study provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in AR research and development in the educational and medical fields, along with the basic principles of AR and its potential applications. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of AR in these fields.

References

[1]. Ballal,. K.S. (2021). Application of augmented reality in healthcare - Wipro.

[2]. Barcali, E., Iadanza, E., Manetti, L., Francia, P., Nardi, C., & Bocchi, L. (2022). Augmented reality in surgery: A scoping review. Applied Sciences, 12(14), 6890.

[3]. Bharathy, C. (n.d.). Enhancing Museum experiences with the power of AR.

[4]. Fitria, T. N. (2023). Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in Education: Media of Teaching and Learning: A Review. International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS), 4(1), 14-25.

[5]. Jumani, A. K., Siddique, W. A., Laghari, A. A., Abro, A., & Khan, A. A. (2022). Virtual reality and augmented reality for education. Multimedia Computing Systems and Virtual Reality, 189-210.

[6]. Klampfer, A. (2017). Virtual/Augmented Reality in Education. Analysis of the Potential Applications in the Teaching/Learning Process. ATINER'S Conference Paper Series. 1-25.

[7]. Kuna, P., Hašková, A., & Borza, Ľ. (2023). Creation of Virtual Reality for Education Purposes. Sustainability, 15(9), 7153.

[8]. Lee, J. K., Lee, S., Kim, Y. C., Kim, S., & Hong, S. W. (2023). Augmented virtual reality and 360 spatial visualization for supporting user-engaged design. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 10(3).

[9]. Mayowa, O., David, O., Temitope, A., Oluwaseun, O., & Iyanuoluwa, A. (2019). Augmented virtual reality in education and the field of medicine for global impact. International Journal of Advanced Research, 7, 344-353.

[10]. Nee, A. Y. C., & Ong, S. K. (Eds.). (2023). Springer Handbook of Augmented Reality. Springer Nature, (pp 743–763).

[11]. Oladapo, B. I., Adeoye, A. O. M., & Ismail, M. (2018). Analytical optimization of a nanoparticle of microstructural fused deposition of resins for additive manufacturing, Composites Part B: Engineering, 150, 248-254.

[12]. Perifanou, M., Economides, A. A., & Nikou, S. A. (2022). Teachers' views on integrating augmented reality in education: Needs, opportunities, challenges and recommendations. Future Internet, 15(1), 20.

[13]. Yeung, A. W. K., Tosevska, A., Klager, E., Eibensteiner, F., Laxar, D., Stoyanov, J., ... & Willschke, H. (2021). Virtual and augmented reality applications in medicine: analysis of the scientific literature. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e25499.

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Review Paper

Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Brief Overview

Sri Lakshmi Talasila* , R. Vijaya Kumari, P. L. N. Prakash Kumar*

*-*** Department of Computer Science, Krishna University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Talasila, S. L., Kumari, R. V., and Kumar, P. L. N. P. (2023). Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Brief Overview. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.19248

Abstract

Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPA), also known as virtual or digital assistants, are software programs that utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to perform a wide range of tasks and services for users. This study provides an overview of Intelligent Personal Assistants, their capabilities, and their impact on human life. IPAs can be accessed through various devices such as smartphones, smart speakers, and smart displays, and can be activated through voice commands or graphical interfaces. The key advantage of intelligent personal assistants is their ability to understand and respond to natural language, enabling users to interact with them in a more natural and intuitive manner. In addition to executing tasks, IPAs can offer personalized information and recommendations based on user preferences and past interactions. The concept of smart advisors, which specializes in providing subject-specific advice and recommendations, was introduced. Overall, this study aims to shed light on intelligent personal assistants and address any skepticism surrounding this new age of technology, highlighting their potential to enhance and improve human lives.

References

[1]. Alan. (n.d.). What is a Voice Assistant?

[2]. Benzeghiba, M., De Mori, R., Deroo, O., Dupont, S., Erbes, T., Jouvet, D., ... & Wellekens, C. (2007). Automatic speech recognition and speech variability: A review. Speech Communication, 49(10-11), 763-786.

[3]. Charlton, A. (2017). As Alexa Soars and Siri flags, what's next for the Virtual Assistant? AI Experts have their say on the Future of AI and Personal Assistants.

[4]. Fan, S. C. (2022). An importance–performance analysis (IPA) of teachers' core competencies for implementing maker education in primary and secondary schools. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 32(2), 943-969.

[5]. Kim, K., Boelling, L., Haesler, S., Bailenson, J., Bruder, G., & Welch, G. F. (2018, October). Does a digital assistant need a body? The influence of visual embodiment and social behavior on the perception of intelligent virtual agents in AR. In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) (pp. 105-114). IEEE.

[6]. Lee, C. T., Pan, L. Y., & Hsieh, S. H. (2022). Artificial intelligent chatbots as brand promoters: A two-stage structural equation modeling-artificial neural network approach. Internet Research, 32(4), 1329-1356.

[7]. Liddy, E. D. (2001). Natural Language Processing. In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, Marcel Decker, Inc.

[8]. Lutkevich, B., & Kiwak, K. (n.d.). Speech Recognition.

[9]. Manovich, L. (2013). Software Takes Command. Bloomsbury, NewYork.

[10]. Reddy, D. R. (1976). Speech recognition by machine: A review. Proceedings of the IEEE, 64(4), 501-531.

[11]. Shariah, M. A. A., Ainon, R. N., Zainuddin, R., & Khalifa, O. O. (2007, November). Human computer interaction using isolated-words speech recognition technology. In 2007 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (pp. 1173-1178). IEEE.

[12]. Swamy, S., & Ramakrishnan, K. V. (2013). An efficient speech recognition system. Computer Science & Engineering, 3(4), 21-27.

[13]. Whitenton, K. (2016). The Most Important Design Principles of Voice UX.

i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality (JAVR)

Current Issue Vol. 2 Issue 1

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 1 Issue 1 January - June 2023

Synthetic Audio and Video Generation for Language Translation using GANs

Aynaan Quraishi* , Jaydeep Jethwa**, Shiwani Gupta***

*-***Department of Computer Engineering, Thakur College of Engineering, & Technology, Mumbai, India.

Quraishi, A., Jethwa, J., and Gupta, S. (2023). Synthetic Audio and Video Generation for Language Translation using GANs. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.19412

Abstract

References

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Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies in Surgical Operating Systems

Ushaa Eswaran* , Vishal Eswaran**

* Indira Institute of Technology and Sciences, Markapur, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Consumer Value Store Health Centre, Dallas, Texas, United States.

Eswaran, U., and Eswaran, V. (2023). Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies in Surgical Operating Systems. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.20052

Abstract

References

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Robot Artist and XY Plotter for the Generation of Modern Art

P. L. N. Prakash Kumar* , Rohit Kota**, U. Prudhvi Chowdary***

*-*** Department of Computer Science, University College of Arts & Science, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kumar, P. L. N. P., Kota, R., and Chowdary, U. P. (2023). Robot Artist and XY Plotter for the Generation of Modern Art. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.19249

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

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A Comprehensive Review of Augmented Reality in Education and Medical Fields

R. P. Sherina*

Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Arunachala College of Engineering for Women, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sherina, R. P. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of Augmented Reality in Education and Medical Fields. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.20079

Abstract

References

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Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Brief Overview

Sri Lakshmi Talasila* , R. Vijaya Kumari**, P. L. N. Prakash Kumar***

*-*** Department of Computer Science, Krishna University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Talasila, S. L., Kumari, R. V., and Kumar, P. L. N. P. (2023). Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Brief Overview. i-manager's Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 1(1), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.1.1.19248

Abstract

References

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Aynaan Quraishi* , Jaydeep Jethwa, Shiwani Gupta*

* Indira Institute of Technology and Sciences, Markapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Consumer Value Store Health Centre, Dallas, Texas, United States.

P. L. N. Prakash Kumar* , Rohit Kota, U. Prudhvi Chowdary*

Sri Lakshmi Talasila* , R. Vijaya Kumari, P. L. N. Prakash Kumar*