Abstract

The major features of Virginia Henderson's "Nursing Need Theory" and Shirley M. Moore and Cornelia M. Ruland's middlerange "the Peaceful End of Life Theory" (PEL Theory) are focused in this paper. They are grand nursing theories designed for nursing practice, research, and education. These theories were derived in part from the general system, process, and outcomes theory, which is based on the Donabedian structure model. These ideas are primarily concerned with the treatment of terminally ill or dying patients and how to keep them comfortable and at ease. The four assumptions in this context are health, personhood, environment, and nursing. These theories help deal with critical situations. The "Nursing Need Idea" by Virginia Henderson is an influential theory that has had a lot of influence in the nursing sector. This enormous theory is a big theory of human needs that focuses on empowering patients to be as self-sufficient as possible to obtain the best possible outcome at discharge. Henderson's nursing model elaborates on the nurse's job, emphasizing the need to assist patients in rehabilitation and ensure their basic needs are met. If the patient's ailment is terminal, they will be shifted to life support. Middle-range theories have their importance in nursing research, and they are much more feasible to practice than grand nursing theories. Middle-range theories can describe, explain, or forecast phenomena while also being testable.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease due to progressive demyelination of the nerve fibers that make up the white matter of the central nervous system. According to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, this disease is clearly increasing, affecting on average, a young and active population. This has implications at the socioprofessional level. All studies converge to underline the cognitive decline, including executive functions, in this population. These information processing processes are essential for adapting to new situations for which there are no pre-established operating patterns. In line with previous studies, the present study aims to assess three executive functions, such as planning, interference and mental flexibility, in 30 subjects with multiple sclerosis divided into two groups. One group consists of 15 subjects with Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), and the other group consists of 15 subjects with Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS). They are compared to a group of 15 healthy subjects. The results of the statistical analysis show a clear inferiority in terms of raw score and completion time for the MS and SPMS subjects compared to the RRMS subjects. This can be explained by a significant slowdown in the speed of information processing, according to the scientific literature.

Abstract

Sleep is a physiological process essential to humans and their normal functioning and the need for rest and comfort is an important need for maintaining a good quality of life. Adequate rest and sleep is essential for physical and psychosocial functioning of the individual. The main aim of the study was to assess the level of stress and sleep among critically ill patients admitted in the critical care unit of Sree Mookambika Medical College Hospital, and to find out the association between the level of stress and sleep with selected demographic variable and clinical variable among critically ill patients. The study was non-experimental descriptive research with quantitative research approach. The study was conducted in Sree Mookambika Medical College Hospital, Kulasekharam.

30 samples were selected by using convenience sampling technique. The tools used for the data collection were demographic variables, clinical variables, Richards - Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Environmental Stressor Questionnaire. The data was analysed and interpreted in terms of objective, descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings are 10% sample had mild stress, 33.33% sample were very stressful, 56.66% sample were extremely stressful. 13.33% patients had normal range of sleeplessness, 20% had mild range of sleeplessness, 30% had moderate range of sleeplessness and 36.66% had severe range of sleeplessness. There is a significant association between level of sleep and clinical variable such as days in ICU.

Abstract

Pregnancy is a vital event in a woman's life. Many primigravida mothers do not have adequate knowledge regarding birth preparedness. Video-assisted teaching on birth preparedness helps improve the level of knowledge. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding childbirth preparedness among primigravida mothers. A pre-experimental, one-group pre-test, post-test design without a control group was adopted for the study. Fifty primigravida mothers were selected using the non-probability purposive sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The pre-test was conducted after 37 weeks of gestation. The video was played for 20 minutes to make the subjects aware of childbirth preparedness. The posttest was conducted on the day of labor using the same self-structured questionnaire. At the time of labor, maternal pain perception was assessed using the Wong-Baker pain coping scale. The collected data were tabulated and scrutinized using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the majority of the sample had a moderate level of knowledge, while no one had adequate or inadequate knowledge in the pretest. In the post-test, the majority of the samples (30%) had an adequate level of knowledge, 13% had a moderate level, and 7% had an inadequate level of knowledge in childbirth preparedness among primigravida mothers. The pre-test mean knowledge score was 14.82 with a standard deviation of 1.98, and in the post-test, the score was 26.28 with a standard deviation of 1.38. The mean difference was high and statistically significant. The study concludes that video-assisted teaching was effective in improving the level of knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding childbirth preparedness.

Abstract

This paper focuses on the major features of the "Peaceful End of Life Theory" and Travelbee's "Theory of the Human-toHuman Relationship." The "Peaceful End of Life Theory" has various theoretical frameworks and primarily concerns the care of terminally ill patients or individuals with incurable diseases. Travelbee's "Theory of the Human-to-Human Relationship" stated that every individual experiences suffering due to their human nature, with suffering or the disease process being the defining characteristic of one's individual state. According to Travelbee, nursing involves the relationship and communication between the nurse and the patient. In this study, the theoretical foundations, assumptions, and core principles of both theories will be analyzed, and an exploration of how they can be effectively applied in nursing practice will be conducted.

Abstract

This paper explores the topic of non-communicating hydrocephalus as a complication of Tuberculous meningitis (TBM). It covers various aspects related to TBM and its associated complications, including clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, management strategies, and patient care. The importance of early diagnosis, initiation of antituberculous therapy, and surgical interventions such as endoscopic septum pellucidotomy and external ventricular drain placement are discussed in relation to managing hydrocephalus in TBM patients. The significance of close monitoring, supportive care, adherence to medication, and infection control measures is emphasized. Additionally, the paper highlights the need for patient education, family support, and addressing financial concerns in the holistic care of individuals with TBM. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the understanding and management of non-communicating hydrocephalus as a complication of Tuberculous meningitis.

Abstract

Husbands should be involved in family planning practices because, in many societies, men have a superior role in the decision-making process. This involvement will lessen the hurdles to birth control and planned parenthood. In some cultures, husbands have the authority to decide on family planning. Therefore, for successful contraception, they should be engaged in birth control practices. Some people believe that men should not be involved in family planning. However, they think that only women should be educated regarding modern and advanced contraceptive methods. Opponents argue that instead of involving men in family planning practices, it would be better to focus solely on women and teach them about options such as intrauterine device placement, contraceptive pills, and injections. This paper argues that an uncontrolled population is a great burden for developing countries such as Pakistan. Therefore, to solve this issue, males should be engaged in birth control practices equally with females.