i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks (JWCN)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 1

Most Cited

A Review on Optimized FFT/IFFT Architectures for OFDM Systems
Balanced Unequal Clustering AlgorithmFor Wireless Sensor Network
HHT and DWT Based MIMO-OFDM for Various ModulationSchemes: A Comparative Approach
Study and Comparison of Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review
Diagnosis of Anemia using Non-Invasive Anemia Detector through Parametrical Analysis

Volume 3 Issue 2 July - September 2014

Research Paper

Bandwidth And Gain Improvement Of Microstrip Slot AntennaUsing Slotted Parasitic Patch

Prachi Gupta* , Manish Jaiswal, Brajlata Chauhan*

- M.Tech student, Dehradun Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun UK India.

Assistant Professor, Dehradun Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun UK India.

Gupta, P., Jaiswal, M., and Chauhan, B. (2014). Bandwidth and Gain Improvement of Microstrip Slot Antenna Using Slotted Parasitic Patch. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2872

Abstract

In this paper a printed micro strip line fed wide slot antenna is presented. A slotted parasitic patch is introduced to improve the gain along with the bandwidth. For bandwidth improvement a slotted technique is used in ground of the antenna along with rotation in patch and a simple 50 ? microstrip line fed is used to excite the slot in the antenna. Various parameters such as return loss, bandwidth and gain are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The result shows that a good amount of bandwidth ( 3.2 GHz) and gain (approx. 6.63 dB) is achieved ranging from 2.23 to 5.4 GHz which shows its application in WIMAX and WLAN bands and is compared with a printed antenna without parasitic patch. The area the of proposed design is miniaturized up to 77%.The printed designs of antenna are simulated by using Ansoft HFSS software version 14.

References

[1]. M. Kahrizi, T. K. Sarkar and Z. A. Maricevic, (1993). “Analysis of a wide radiating slot in the groundplane of a microstrip line, ”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 29–37,

[2]. J. Y. Sze and K. L. Wong, (2001). “Bandwidth enhancement of a microstrip line-fed printed wide-slot antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 1020–1024.

[3]. T. Dissanayake and K.P.Esselle, (2008). “UWB performance of compact L-shaped wide slot antennas, ”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 1183–1187.

[4]. W.L Stutz man and G.A Thiele. (1998). “Antenna Theory and Design”. John Wiley&Sons, Inc.

[5]. Girish Kumar and K.P Ray, (2003). ”Broadband Microstrip Antennas”, Artech House, pp 3-5.

[6]. S.-W. Qu, C. Ruan, and B.-Z. Wang, (2006). “Bandwidth enhancement of wide slot antenna fed by CPW and microstrip line, ”IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. Vol. 5, pp. 15–17.

[7]. J.-Y. Jan and J.-W. Su, (2005). “Bandwidth enhancement of a printed wide-slot antenna with a rotated slot, ”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. Vol. 53,No. 6, pp. 2111–2114.

[8]. W.-L.Chen,G.-M.Wang,andC.X. Zhang, (2009). “Bandwidth enhancement of a microstrip-line-fed printed wide-slot antenna with a fractal-shaped slot, ”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 57, No. 7, pp. 2176–2179.

[9]. D. D. Krishna, M. Gopikrihna, C. K. Aanandan, P. Mohanan, and K. Vasudevan, (2009). “Compact wideband Koch fractal printed slot antenna,” Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 782–789.

[10]. J. Jun and Y. Lee, (1998). “Triplate printed antenna with circular slot,” IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 2128–2131.

[11]. K. L. Wong, J. Y. Wu, and C. K. Wu, (1999). “A circularly polarized patch loaded square-slot antenna,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 23, pp.363–365, Dec. 20,

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Storing And Retrieving The Data Sensed By Sensor To Assist Human In Health Care Domains

Rensi.A* , Jessie Hannah Bell**

*-** M.E Student, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.

Rensi, A., and Bell, D.J.H. (2014). Storing and Retrieving the Data Sensed By Sensor To Assist Human in Health Care Domains. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2873

Abstract

The impact of Wireless Sensors Networks used in healthcare domains has increased drastically nowadays. The sensors were used to sense the data and subjected to identify the purpose based on the mode it is designed. In this work, the authors have identified an area in the health segment where the usage of sensor node is to identify the person and subsequently identifies the issues based on the value that is stored in the system. When the desired value is reached or attained, the sensors will emit its identification using LED indicator and corresponding methods were adopted to prevent it. The health issues dealt in this paper is for identifying uric acid content in kidney levels. The sensor deployed in this work uses TMOTE low power sensor for tracking and identifying the issues. The work also helps to identify person based on the symptom and evaluation. The TMOTE power sensor though has its own constraints with memory and the proposed work stores the data only in binary format and maximizes the in build memory space.

References

[1]. Ko, J., Lu, C., Srivastava, M. B., Stankovic, J. A., Terzis, A., & Welsh, M. (2010). Wireless sensor networks for healthcare. Proceedings of the IEEE, 98(11), 1947-1960.

[2]. Al Ameen, M., & Kwak, K. S. (2011). Social Issues in wireless sensor networks with healthcare perspective. Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol., 8(1), 52-58.

[3]. Khan, O. A., & Skinner, R. (Eds.). (2003). Geographic information systems and health applications. IGI Global.

[4]. Fry, E. A., & Lenert, L. A. (2005). “MASCAL: RFID tracking of patients, staff and equipment to enhance hospital response to mass casualty events”. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 2005, p. 261). American Medical Informatics Association.

[5]. Nayak, M., & Agrawal, N. Security in Body Sensor Networks for Healthcare applications.

[6]. Aminian, M., & Naji, H. R. (2013). A hospital healthcare monitoring system using wireless sensor networks. J Health Med Inform, 4(121), 2.

[7]. Hande, A., Polk, T., Walker, W., & Bhatia, D. (2006). Selfpowered wireless sensor networks for remote patient monitoring in hospitals. Sensors, 6(9), 1102-1117.

[8]. Ng, H. S., Sim, M. L., & Tan, C. M. (2006). Security issues of wireless sensor networks in healthcare applications. BT Technology Journal, 24(2), pp.138-144.

[9]. Otto, C., Milenkovic, A., Sanders, C., & Jovanov, E. (2006). System architecture of a wireless body area sensor network for ubiquitous health monitoring. Journal of Mobile Multimedia, 1(4), pp.307-326.

[10]. Jovanov, E., Milenkovic, A., Otto, C., & De Groen, P. C. (2005). A wireless body area network of intelligent motion sensors for computer assisted physical rehabilitation. Journal of NeuroEngineering and rehabilitation, 2(1), 6.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Energy Consumption Analysis Of Clone Detection Approaches In Wireless Sensor Networks

Ravi .T* , 0**

* Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India.

** Professor of ECE and Dean (Academics), Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India.

Theja, G.R., and Subhas, C. (2014). Energy Consumption Analysis Of Clone Detection Approaches In Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2874

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a group of sensor nodes which acquaint themselves over wireless channels and adversary who tries to capture and compromise nodes of a network. An adversary introduces clone to compromise larger area and extracts the secret keys from the sensor node or reprogram them. Clone attack is very hazardous and should be detected as soon as possible to protect our network. Recently, different clone detection schemes where proposed for WSNs, taking into consideration various network configurations and deployment strategies. In this paper the analysis is done on the existing clone detection schemes with regard to their device type, detection methodology, deployment strategy, and detection ranges. Simulation experiments are conducted to show variations in their performance. Finally, the authors are concluding that Randomized, Efficient and Distributed (RED), and Parallel Multiple Probabilistic Cells (P-MPC) schemes have shown good results for static sensors (under random uniform deployment and grid deployment respectively) compared to other schemes which the authors have been taken into consideration. For mobile sensor networks there is no such efficiently working scheme with existing approaches because of its maneuverability.

References

[1]. K. Cho, Minho Jo, T. Kwon, Hsiao-Hwa Chen, and D. H. Lee, (2013), “Classification and experimental analysis for clone detection approaches in wireless sensor network,” in IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 26-35.

[2]. B.Parno, A, Perrig, and V. Gligor, (2005), “Distributed detection of node replication attacks in sensor network,” in Proc, IEEE Symp. Security Privacy, pp. 49-63.

[3]. R. Brooks, P. Y. Govindaraju, M. Pirretti, N. Vijaykrihnan, and M.T. Kandemir, (2007), “On the detection of clones in sensor networks using random key predistribution,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., Vol. 37, No.6,pp. 1246-1258.

[4]. K. Xing, F. Liu, X. Cheng, and D. H. C. Du, (2008), ”Realtime detection of clone attacks in wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. ICDCS, pp. 3-10.

[5]. M. Conti, R. Pietro, L. V. Mancini, and A. Mei, (2007), “A randomized, efficient, and distributed protocol for the detection of node replication attacks in wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. ACM Int. Symp. Mobile Ad Hoc Netw. Comput., pp. 80–89.

[6]. B. Zhu, S. Setia, S. Jajodia, S. Roy, and L. Wang, (2010), “Localized multicast: Efficient and distributed replica detection in large-scale sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 913–926.

[7]. J. W. Ho, D. Liu, M. Wright, and S. K. Das, (2009), “Distributed detection of replica node attacks with group deployment knowledge in wireless sensor networks,” Ad Hoc Netw., Vol. 7, No. 8, pp. 1476–1488.

[8]. J. W. Ho, M. Wright, and S. K. Das, (2009), “Fast detection of replica node attacks in mobile sensor networks using sequential analysis,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Commun., pp. 1773–1781.

[9]. C. M. Yu, C. S. Lu, and S. Y. Kuo, (2008), “Mobile sensor network resilient against node replication attacks,” in Proc. IEEE Commun. Soc. Conf. Sensor Mesh Ad Hoc Commun. Netw., pp. 597–599.

[10]. L. Zhang, Y. Hu, and Q. Wu, (2010), “Identity-based threshold broadcast encryption in the standard model,” KSII Trans. Internet Inform. Syst., Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 400–410.

[11]. The Network Simulator, ns-2 [Online]. Available: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns

[12]. W. Du, J. Deng, Y. S. Han, S. Chen, and P. Varshney, (2004), “A key management scheme for wireless sensor networks using deployment knowledge,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Commun., pp. 586–597.

[13]. D. Liu, P. Ning, and W. Du, (2005), “Group-based key pre-distribution in wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. ACM Workshop Wirel. Security, pp. 11–20.

[14]. W. Du, L. Fang, and P. Ning, (2005), “LAD: Localization anomaly detection for wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. IEEE IPDPS, p. 41a.

[15]. W. Du, R. Wang, and P. Ning, (2005), “An efficient scheme for authenticating public keys in sensor networks,” in Proc. ACM Int. Symp. Mobile Ad Hoc Netw. Comput., pp. 58–67.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Energy Level Aware Anonymous Location Based Efficient Routing Protocol

T. Sharath Chandra Kumar* , K. Sudha**

* ME Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India

Kumar, T.S.C., and Sudha, K. (2014). Energy Level aware Anonymous Location Based Efficient Routing Protocol. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2875

Abstract

Anonymous routing protocols are used in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) to hide node identities and/or routes from outside observers in order to provide anonymity. There are routing protocols that depend on either hop by hop encryption or redundant traffic. All the existing anonymous routing protocols will either produce high cost or cannot produce fully fledged anonymity protection to sources, destinations and routes. The high cost aggravates the indigenous resource constraint problem in MANETs especially in multimedia wireless applications. The demerits of existing protocols leads the need of new and efficient protocol i.e., Anonymous routing protocol robust to node failure. Our proposed protocol dynamically divides the network field into zones and randomly chooses nodes in zones as intermediate relay nodes, which form a non-traceable anonymous route. And it hides the data sources/destinations among many sources/destinations to strengthen source and destination anonymity protection. Additionally, it chooses nodes which have sufficient energy to transmit the packets in order to avoid route failure and to increase route efficiency.

References

[1]. L. Zhao and H. Shen, ( 2013). “ALERT: An Anonymous Location-Based Efficient Routing Protocol in MANETs,” Proc. Int'l Conf. Parallel Processing (ICPP), Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 1079-1093.

[2]. A. Pfitzmann, M. Hansen, T. Dresden, and U. Kiel, (2005). “Anonymity, Unlinkability, Unobservability, Pseudonymity, and Identity Management a Consolidated Proposal for Terminology, Version 0.31,” Technical report,.

[3]. Z. Zhi and Y.K. Choong (2005), “Anonymizing Geographic Ad Hoc Routing for Preserving Location Privacy,” Proc. Third Int'l Workshop Mobile Distributed Computing (ICDCSW), Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 210-218.

[4]. V. Pathak, D. Yao, and L. Iftode, (2008). “Securing Location Aware Services over VANET Using Geographical Secure Path Routing,” Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Vehicular Electronics and safety (ICVES).

[5]. K.E. Defrawy and G. Tsudik, (2007). “ALARM: Anonymous Location-Aided Routing in Suspicious MANETs,” Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Network Protocols (ICNP), Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 1345-1358.

[6]. I. Aad, C. Castelluccia, and J. Hubaux, (2006). “Packet Coding for Strong Anonymity in Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. Securecomm and Workshops.

[7]. X. Wu, (2005). “AO2P: Ad Hoc On-Demand Position- Based Private Routing Protocol,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 335-348.

[8]. B. Zhu, Z. Wan, M.S. Kankanhalli, F. Bao, and R.H. Deng, (2004). “Anonymous Secure Routing in Mobile Ad- Hoc Networks,” Proc. IEEE 29th Ann. Int'l Conf. Local Computer Networks (LCN).

[9]. X. Wu, J. Liu, X. Hong, and E. Bertino, (2008). “Anonymous Geo-Forwarding in MANETs through Location Cloaking,” IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 19, No. 10, pp. 1297-1309.

[10]. S. Ratnasamy, B. Karp, S. Shenker, D. Estrin, R. Govindan, L. Yin, and F. Yu, (2003). “Data-Centric Storage in Sensornets with GHT, a Geographic Hash Table,” Mobile Network Applications, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 427-442.

[11]. J. Raymond, (2001).“Traffic Analysis: Protocols, Attacks, Design Issues, and Open Problems,” Proc. Int'l Workshop Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability (WDIAU), pp. 10-29.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Fault Node Detection Algorithm With Unequal Cluster-Based Routing Protocol For Improving QoS In Wireless Sensor Networks

Tamba Karthik* , A Nagaraju**

* Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, India.

** Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, India.

Karthik, T., and Nagaraju, A . (2014). Fault Node Detection Algorithm With Unequal Clusterbased Routing Protocol For Improving Qos In Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2876

Abstract

A network with sensor nodes has limited wireless computational power to process and transfer the live data to the base station or data collection center. Therefore, to increase the sensor area and the transmission area, the wireless sensor network usually contains many sensor nodes. In this paper a fault node recovery algorithm to improve the lifetime of a wireless sensor network when some of the sensor nodes shut down is proposed with unequal cluster-based Routing Protocol divides a network in clusters groups which gives good efficiency for fault node processing. The algorithm is based on the grade diffusion algorithm combined with the genetic algorithm .The algorithm can result in fewer replacements of sensor nodes and more reused routing paths. In our simulation, the proposed algorithm increases the number of active nodes, reduces the rate of data loss, and reduces the rate of energy consumption .The traditional approaches to sensor network routing include the directed diffusion (DD) algorithm and the grade diffusion (GD) algorithm. The algorithm proposed in this paper is based on the GD algorithm, with the goal of replacing fewer sensor nodes that are inoperative or have depleted batteries, and of reusing the maximum number of routing paths. These optimizations will ultimately enhance QOS parameters as well as the lifetime of sensor network.

References

[1]. J.H. Ho, H.C. Shih, B.Y. Liao and J.S. Pan, (2013). “Fault Node Recovery Algorithm for wireless sensor networks,” Vol.13,No. 14.

[2]. C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, and F. Silva, (2003). “Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 2–16.

[3]. J. H. Ho, H. C. Shih, B. Y. Liao, and J. S. Pan (2012). “Grade diffusion algorithm. ” in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Eng. Technol. Innov., , pp. 2064–2068.

[4]. Z. He, B. S. Lee, and X. S. Wang, (2008). “Aggregation in sensor networks with a user-provided quality of service goal,” Inf. Sci., Vol. 178, No. 9, pp. 2128–2149.

[5]. J. H. Ho, H. C. Shih, B. Y. Liao, and S. C. Chu, (2012), “A ladder diffusion algorithm using ant colony optimization for wireless sensor networks,” Inf. Sci., Vol. 192, pp. 204–212.

[6]. T. H. Liu, S. C. Yi, and X. W. Wang, (2013), “A fault management protocol for low-energy and efficient wireless sensor networks,” J. Inf. Hiding Multimedia Signal Process., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 34–45.

[7]. M. Gen and R. Cheng, (1997), Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Design. New York, NY, USA: Wiley.

[8]. Guihai Chen, Chengfa Li , Mao Ye , JieWu, (2009), “An unequal cluster-based routing protocol in wireless sensor networks", Wireless networks, Springer, DOI 10.1007/s11276-007-0035-8, pp 193-207.

[9]. The Network Simulator, ns-2 [Online]. Available: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns

[10]. J. Yu, Yingying Qi, Guanghui Wang , (2012). “A cluster based routing protocol for WSN with non uniform node distribution”, in IJEC, AEU, ELSEVIR, pp 54-61.

i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks (JWCN)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 1

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 2 July - September 2014

Bandwidth And Gain Improvement Of Microstrip Slot AntennaUsing Slotted Parasitic Patch

Prachi Gupta* , Manish Jaiswal**, Brajlata Chauhan***

*-** M.Tech student, Dehradun Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun UK India. *** Assistant Professor, Dehradun Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun UK India.

Gupta, P., Jaiswal, M., and Chauhan, B. (2014). Bandwidth and Gain Improvement of Microstrip Slot Antenna Using Slotted Parasitic Patch. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2872

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Storing And Retrieving The Data Sensed By Sensor To Assist Human In Health Care Domains

Rensi.A* , Jessie Hannah Bell**

*-** M.E Student, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.

Rensi, A., and Bell, D.J.H. (2014). Storing and Retrieving the Data Sensed By Sensor To Assist Human in Health Care Domains. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2873

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Energy Consumption Analysis Of Clone Detection Approaches In Wireless Sensor Networks

Ravi .T* , 0**

* Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India. ** Professor of ECE and Dean (Academics), Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India.

Theja, G.R., and Subhas, C. (2014). Energy Consumption Analysis Of Clone Detection Approaches In Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2874

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Energy Level Aware Anonymous Location Based Efficient Routing Protocol

T. Sharath Chandra Kumar* , K. Sudha**

* ME Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India

Kumar, T.S.C., and Sudha, K. (2014). Energy Level aware Anonymous Location Based Efficient Routing Protocol. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2875

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Fault Node Detection Algorithm With Unequal Cluster-Based Routing Protocol For Improving QoS In Wireless Sensor Networks

Tamba Karthik* , A Nagaraju**

* Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, India. ** Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, India.

Karthik, T., and Nagaraju, A . (2014). Fault Node Detection Algorithm With Unequal Clusterbased Routing Protocol For Improving Qos In Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 3(2), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.3.2.2876

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Prachi Gupta* , Manish Jaiswal, Brajlata Chauhan*

- M.Tech student, Dehradun Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun UK India.

Assistant Professor, Dehradun Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun UK India.

* Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India.

** Professor of ECE and Dean (Academics), Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India.

* ME Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, A.P., India

* Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, India.

** Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupathi, India.