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i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

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Volume 5 Issue 4 August - October 2016

Research Paper

Solving Network Congestion Problem by Quality ofService Analysis using OPNET

Furat N. Tawfeeq* , Mohammed A. Abdala**

* Assistant Lecturer, National Cancer Research Center, Baghdad University, Iraq.

** Associate Professor, Department of Networks Engineering, College of Information Engineering, AL-Nahrain University, Iraq.

Tawfeeq, F. N., and Abdala, M.A. (2016). Solving Network Congestion Problem by Quality of Service Analysis using OPNET. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8201

Abstract

Among many problems that reduced the performance of the network, especially Wide Area Network, congestion is one of these, which is caused when traffic request reaches or exceeds the available capacity of a route, resulting in blocking and less throughput per unit time. Congestion management attributes try to manage such cases. The work presented in this paper deals with an important issue that is the Quality of Service (QoS) techniques. QoS is the combination effect on service level, which locates the user's degree of contentment of the service. In this paper, packet schedulers (FIFO, WFQ,
CQ, and PQ) were implemented and evaluated under different applications with different priorities. The results show that WFQ scheduler gives acceptable results comparing with others. Computer simulation has been performed to study and verify the above mechanisms in the performance enhancement using the OPNET simulator.

References

[1]. Tanenbaum, A. S., (2003). Computer Networks. (Fourth Edition). New Jersey:Prentice Hall PTR. pp. 288.

[2]. Welzl, M., (2005). Network Congestion Control: Managing Internet Traffic. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. pp. 9.

[3]. OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition helps document Version-1997, OPNET technologies.

[4]. Kleinebecker, B., and Skelley, C. (2006). A Proposal for Better Management of Internet QoS. Technology Futures.

[5]. Singh, M., Pradhan, P., and Francis, P. (2007). MPAT: Aggregate TCP Congestion Management as a Building Block for Internet QoS. France: IBMTM T.J. Watson research Center.

[6]. Chaintreau, A., Baccelli, F., and Diot, C. (2008). Impact of TCP-like Congestion Control on the Throughput of Multicast Groups. White Paper.

[7]. Tang, Y., Xu, H., and Wan, Q. (2008). “Research on the application of financial transmission right in congestion management”. IEEE, Nanjing China.

[8]. Cisco Documentation, (2006). Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide Release 12.2. Cisco System. Inc., pp. 83-89.

[9]. Murhammer, M.W., Atakan, O., Bretz, S.,Pugh, L. R., Suzuki, K., and Wood, D. H. (1998). TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview. IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization (Sixth Edition).

[10]. Manner, J. (2003). Provision of Quality of Service in IPbased Mobile Access Networks. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science. University of Helsinki, Finland.

[11]. Chalmers, D., and Sloman, M. (1999). “A survey of Quality of Service in mobile computing environments”. IEEE Communications Survey.

[12]. Vegesna, S., (2001). IP Quality of Service. USA: Cisco Press. pp. 12-13.

[13]. Olifer, N., Olifer, V., and J. Wiley & Sons. (2005). Computer Networks: Principles, Technologies and Protocols for Network Design. John Wiley & Sons.

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Research Paper

Analysis of Multi-User Interference in Pseudo-Noise DS-CDMA

Taye Tolu Mekonnen* , Tesfaye Mekonnen Zeleke, Taye Aychiluhim Fenta*

* Lecturer, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Engineer, Electric Power Research Institute EPRI, USA.

* Integration Engineer, Ericsson AB Ethiopia Branch, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Mekonnen, T. T., Zeleke, T. M., and Fenta, T. A. (2016). Analysis of Multi-User Interference in Pseudo-Noise DS-CDMA. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8202

Abstract

With the emergence of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), the communication world has been bestowed with state-of-the-art multiple access schemes that are used to allow many simultaneous subscribers to the same fixed bandwidth radio spectrum. The problem, however, is that there is a limit to the capacity and performance of this technique as Multiple Access Interference (MAI) stems along with this technology. Therefore, an analysis which basically focuses on the effect of this Multiple Access Interference is essential. The main goal of this work is to analyze the multiple access
interference in Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA). It mainly focuses on the effects on the Bit Error Rate (BER) as a result of a change in Signal-to-Noise (SNR), which varies with the number of users assigned to a channel. The result of this study demonstrated that the probability of occurrence of an error in the received signals increase as the number of users sharing the same channel increases, maintaining other parameters constant. This is directly attributed to the fact that SNR decreases as the number of subscribers to the same channel increases. However, further analysis requires the due consideration of other parameters like external effects to decide on the optimum
number of users to share a given channel.

References

[1]. Bhat, L., and Sudha, K.L. (2012). “Performance analysis of chaotic DS-CDMA with CSK modulation”. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 133-136.

[2]. Dinan, E.H., and Jabbari, B. (1998). “Spreading codes for direct sequence CDMA and wideband CDMA cellular networks”. IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 48-54.

[3]. Dr. Agarwal, D. C. (2006). Satellite Communication (3 Ed.). India, New Delhi: Khanna Publishers.

[4]. Ma, Z., Chen, T., Zhang, M., Kecerski, P.D., and Dang, S. (2015). “Literature Review of Spread Spectrum Signaling: Performance, Applications and Implementation”. Journal of Communications, Vol. 10, No. 12, pp. 932-938.

[5]. NagarajanV., and Dananjayan P. (2010). “Performance Analysis of MIMO MCDS/CDMA System using Chaotic Spreading Sequence”. International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 1793-8163.

[6]. Sarkar, N. (2003). Elements of Digital Communication, India, New Delhi: Khanna Publishers.

[7]. Røpke, I., Christensen, T. H., and Jensen, J. O. (2010). “Information and Communication Technologies a New Round of Household Electrification”. Energy Policy, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 1764-1773.

[8]. Simon, H., and Michael, M. (2006). An Introduction to nd Analog and Digital Communications (2 Ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Research Paper

Modeling the Effect of Dispersion and Cross PhaseModulation in DWDM System

Prachi Agrawal* , Sharad Mohan Shrivastava, Pooja Sharma, Rahul Parganiha, Anuja Mishra

, -* PG Scholar, Department of Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai CG, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Shri Shankarachrya Technical Campus, Bhilai CG, India.

Agrawal, P., Shrivastava, S. M., Sharma, P., Parganiha, R., and Mishra, A. (2016). Modeling the Effect of Dispersion and Cross Phase Modulation in DWDM System. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8203

Abstract

This paper investigates the best modulation format among Non Return-to Zero (NRZ), Carrier-Suppressed Return-to-Zero (CSRZ) and Duo Binary (DB) modulation format for long haul transmission system and to find out the best dispersion compensation technique among the pre compensation, post compensation and symmetrical compensation scheme for the 16 channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system. The channel spacing between the channel is 200 Ghz and all the channel operates at 40 Gbps data rate. The best transmission modulation format is found by varying the signal input power and analyzing the eye diagram from the BER analyzer of the optiSystem software. It is found that DB modulation format with symmetrical compensation technique is the best method for the long haul data transmission. Analysis is done using Optiwave OptiSystem software. The objective of this paper is to compare three different modulation techniques for different modulation formats for long distance communication.

References

[1]. Gerd E. Keiser, (1999). “A Review of WDM Technology and Applications”. Optical Fiber Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 3-39.

[2]. G.R. Hill, (1990). “Wavelength Domain Optical Network Techniques”. Proc. IEEE, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 121-132.

[3]. M.J. O'Mahoney, (1995). “Optical Multiplexing in Fiber Networks: Progress in WDM and OTDM”. IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol. 33, No. 12, pp. 82-88.

[4]. C.A. Brackett, (1990). “Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Networks: Principles and Applications”. IEEE J. Select Areas Commun., Vol. 8, pp. 948.

[5]. P.J. Winzer, R.J. Essiambre, (2006). “Advanced Optical Modulation Formats”. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 952–985.

[6]. Takeshi Hoshida, Olga Vassilieva, Kaori Yamada, Seemant Choudhary, Rémi Pecqueur, and Hideo Kuwahara, (2002). “Optimal 40 Gb/s Modulation Formats for Spectrally Efficient Long-Haul DWDM Systems”. Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 1989-1996.

[7]. Bo-ning HU, Wang Jing, Wang Wei and Rui-mei Zhao, (2010). “Analysis on Dispersion Compensation with DCF nd based on Optisystem”. IEEE 2 International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, pp. 40-43.

[8]. Shi Yuhu, (2011). “Research on the Dispersion Problem in High Speed Optical Communication Systems”. IEEE.

[9]. Francis Audet, (2004). “Dispersion Compensation Fiber -Precision and Repitition”. An Application Note, Tele communications Test and Measurement. Appnote122.1 AN, EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc.

[10]. S.P. Singh and N. Singh, (2007). “Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibres: Origin, Management and Applications”. Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER), Vol. 73, pp. 249-275.

[11]. N. Shibata, K. Nosu, K. Leashita, and Y. Azuma, (1990). “Transmission Limitations due to Fiber Nonlinearities in Optical FDM Systems”. IEEE J. Select Areas Commun., Vol. 8, pp. 1068.

[12]. A.R. Chraplyvy, (1990). “Limitations on Lightwave Communications Imposed by Optical-Fiber Nonlinearities”. J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 1068-1071.

[13]. G. P. Agrawal, (1995). Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 2 . Ed. Academic Press, San Diego.

[14]. A.V.T. Cartaxo, (1999). “Cross Phase Modulation in Intensity Modulation-Detection WDM Systems with Multiple Optical Amplifiers and Dispersion Compensator”. J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 178-190.

[15]. Hoon Kim, (2003). “Cross-Phase-Modulation- Induced Nonlinear Phase Noise in WDM Direct-Detection DPSK Systems”. IEEE Journals and Magazines, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 1770-1774.

[16]. M.I. Hayee, A.E. Willner, (1999). “NRZ Versus RZ in 10–40-Gb/s Dispersion Managed WDM Transmission systems”. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., Vol. 11, No. 8, pp. 991–993.

[17]. Anu Sheetal, Ajay K. Sharma and R.S. Kaler, (2008). “Simulation of High Capacity 40 Gb/s Long Haul DWDM System using Different Modulation Formats and Dispersion Compensation Schemes in the Presence of Kerr's Effect”. Science Direct, Vol. 121, No. 8, pp. 739-749.

[18]. A. Hodzik, B. Konrad, K. Petemann, (2002). “Alternative Modulation Formats in N×40 Gb/s WDM Standard Fiber RZTransmission Systems”. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 598.

[19]. G. Bosco, A. Carena, V. Curri, R. Gaudino, and P. Poggiolini, (2002). “On the use of NRZ, RZ, and CSRZ Modulation at 40 Gb/s with Narrow DWDM Channel Spacing”. J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 1694.

[20]. V. Khanaa, Krishna Mohanta, T. Saravanan, (2013). “Performance Analysis of a Two Channel Optical WDM System using Binary and Duo Binary Modulation Formats”. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 6.

[21]. Hari Shankar, (2006). “Duo Binary Modulation for Optical System”. Lightwave, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 1-10.

[22]. Ruchi Agarwal and Vivekanand Mishra, (2012). “Comparison of Pre, Post and Symmetrical Dispersion Compensation Scheme with 10 Gb/s NRZ link for SCM System”. International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICEECS), Vol. 2, No. 1.

[23]. Shradha Gupta, N. K. Shukla and ShikhaJaiswal, (2012). “Pre, Post, Symmetric 1 and 2 Compensation st Techniques with RZ Modulation”. IEEE 1 Int'l Conf. on Recent Advances in Information Technology.

[24]. M.I. Hayee and A.E. Willner, (1999). “Pre-and Post- Compensation of Dispersion and Nonlinearities in 10-Gb/s WDM Systems”. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 9, No. 9, pp. 1271-1273.

[25]. R.S. Kaler, Ajay K. Sharma and T.S. Kamala, (2002). “Comparison of Pre-, Post- and Symmetrical-Dispersion Compensation Schemes for 10 Gb/s NRZ Links using Standard and Dispersion Compensated Fibers”. Optics Communications, Vol. 209, No. 1-3, pp. 107-123.

[26]. G. Charlet, (2006). “Progress in Optical Modulation Formats for High-bit Rate WDM Transmissions”. IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electron., Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 469–483.

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Research Paper

Optimization of Dual-Band BPF using Defected GroundStructure

Anjali Sachan* , Arvind Kumar Pandey, R. K. Chauhan*

Ph.D Scholar, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

* Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur,India.

Sachan, A., Pandey, A. K., and Chauhan, R.K. (2016). Optimization of Dual-Band BPF using Defected Ground Structure. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8204

Abstract

In this paper, a new Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is proposed with an aim to reduce the size of already existing filter and increase the fractional bandwidth of the band-pass filters. The proposed DGS is applied to the previously designed Dual-Band Pass Filter (BPF), which was operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz. On using this defected ground structure, the operating frequency of the first pass band reduces from 2.45 GHz to 2.197 GHz, whereas operating frequency of second pass band reduces from 5.2 GHz to 4.8 Ghz. The increase in fractional bandwidth was also observed at first pass-band.
The size of the Dual-Band BPF with DGS is 0.11 λ_g × 0.21 λ_g , and size of Dual-Band BPF without DGS is 0.11λ_g × 0.23λ_g . The size of the Dual-Band BPF is therefore reduced to 8.69% after using the proposed DGS.

References

[1]. Hizamel M. Hizan, Iran C. Huntel, and Alaa I. Abunjaileh, (2010). “Integrated SIW filter and Microstrip th Antenna”. Proceeding of the 40 European Microwave Conference.

[2]. A. K. Verma, Nainu P. Chaudhari, and Ashwani Kumar, (2013). “Improved Performance Step Impedance low pass Filter ”. International Journal of Electronics and Communication (AEU), Vol. 67, pp. 761-770.

[3]. Chirag Garg and Magandeep Kaur, (2014). “A Review of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) in Microwave Design”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation, Control Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 3.

[4]. L. H. Weng, Y. C. Guo, X. W. Shi, and X. Q. Chen, (2008). “An Overview on Defected ground Structures”. Progress in Electromagnetic Research B, Vol. 7, pp. 173-189.

[5]. A. K. Verma and Ashwani Kumar, (2011). “Design of low pass filters using some Defected ground structures”. International Journal of Electronics and Communication (AEU), Vol. 65, No. 864-872.

[6]. Haiwen Liu, Baoping Ren, Xuehui Guan, Jiuhuai Lei and Sen Li, (2013). “Compact Dual-Band Bandpass filter using Quadruple-Mode Square Ring Loaded Resonator (SRLR)”. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 23, No. 4.

[7]. Pragya Singh and Raghuvir Tomar, (2014). “The Use of Defected Ground Structures in Designing Microstrip Filters with Enhanced Performance Characteristics”. Procedia Technology Conference Electronics and Telecommunications and Computers (CETC), Vol. 17, No. 58-64.

[8]. Debatosh Guha, Sujoy Biswas, and Chandrakanta Kumar, “Printed Antenna Designs using Defected ground Structures: A Review of Fundamentals and State-of-the-Art Developments”. Forum for Electromagnetic Research Methods and Application Technologies (FERMAT).

[9]. Y. J. Sung, C. S. Ahn and Y. S. Kim, (2004). “Size reduction harmonic suppression of rat-race hybrid coupler using defected ground structure”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 14, No. 1.

[10]. W. J. Feng, W. Q. Che and Q. Xue, (2012). “Novel dualband bandpass filter using multi-mode resonator”. IEEE HSIC Int. For., Vol. 21.

[11]. F. C. Chen, Q. X. Chu, Z. H. Li and X. H. Wu, (2012). “Compact dual-band bandpass filter with controllable bandwidths using stub-loaded multiple-mode resonator”. IET Microw. Antennas. Propag., Vol. 6, No. 10.

[12]. S. Luo, L. Zhu and S. Sun, (2010). “A dual-band ringresonator bandpass filter based on two pairs of degenerate modes”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 58, No. 12.

[13]. S. Sun, (2011). “A dual-band bandpass filter using a single dual-mode ring resonator”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. FLett., Vol. 21, No. 6.

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Review Paper

Wavelength Division Multiplexing and Demultiplexing using Photonic Crystal Multi Channel Add Drop Filter: A Review

Anamika Bhadra* , Vikas Sahu, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava, Anshu, Anjali S. Sanghvi

*,**,* M.Tech Scholar, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India.

-*** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, India.

Bhadra, A., Sahu, V., Shrivastava, S. M., Anshu and Sanghvi, A.S. (2016). Wavelength Division Multipiexing and Demultiplexing using Photonic Crystal Multi Channel Add Drop Filter: A Review. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8205

Abstract

The need for higher communication medium is endless as the newer technologies have been came so far, and there is always a search for a more efficient and promising scheme as compared to the present system. The current communication system is the most modern mode of communication. Today, most of the transmission takes place in 1550 nm window. So, the purpose of this paper is to present the simulation of Wavelength Division De-Multiplexing using a Photonic Crystal four-Channel Drop filter, and design it for multi channel Add-Drop filter with Wavelength Division Multiplexing and De-multiplexing, as it can provide the result in 1530 nm to 1570 nm window, which is quite ideal for
present optical communication system. A crystal is a periodic arrangement of atoms and molecules and the pattern which the atoms and molecules are repeated in space is the crystal lattice. In the PhC, the atoms or molecules are replaced by macroscopic media with differing dielectric constants and the periodic potential is replaced by a periodic dielectric function. The Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is considered to be a propitious scheme for high capacity optical interconnects and communications.

References

[1]. Robinson, Savarimuthu, and Rangaswamy Nakkeeran, (2013). “Two Dimensional Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator based Add-Drop Filter for CWDM Systems”. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Vol. 124, No. 18, pp. 3430-3435.

[2]. Z. Qiang, W. Zhou, and R.A. Soref, (2007). “Optical Add- Drop Filters based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators” Opt. Express, Vol. 15, pp. 1823-1831.

[3]. Poulton, Christopher V., et al., (2015). “Channel Add Drop Filter based on Dual Photonic Crystal Cavities in Push Pull Mode”. Optics Letters, Vol. 40, No. 18, pp. 4206-4209.

[4]. Nguyen, Thanh Nam, et al., (2013). “100-Gb/s Wavelength Division Demultiplexing using a Photonic Crystal Four-Channel Drop Filter.” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 813-816.

[5]. Mehdizadeh, Farhad, Hamed Alipour-Banaei, and Somaye Serajmoham-Madi, (2013). “Channel-Drop Filter based on a Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator”. Journal of Optics, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 075401.

[6]. Taalbi, Ahmed, Ghaouti Bassou, and Mahmoud Youcef Mahmoud, (2013). “New design of Channel Drop Filters based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators.” Optik- International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Vol. 124, No. 9, pp. 824-827.

[7]. Balaji V.R, M. Murugan, and S. Robinson, (2015). “Photonic Crystal Filter to work in DWDM using Ultra Cell Resonant Cavity”. 2015 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT), IEEE.

[8]. Mahmoud, M.Y, Bassou, G. Taalbi, A. and Chekroun, Z.M, (2012). “Optical Channel Drop Filters based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators”. Optics Communications, Vol. 285, No. 3, pp. 368-372.

[9]. Hsiao, Fu-Li, and Chengkuo Lee, (2011). “Nanophotonic Biosensors using Hexagonal Nanoring Resonators: Computational Study.” Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 013001-013001.

[10]. Mahmoud, Mahmoud Youcef, Ghaouti Bassou, and Ahmed Taalbi, (2013). “A New Optical Add-Drop Filter based on Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator”. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Vol. 124, No. 17, pp. 2864-2867.

[11]. Djavid, M., and M. S. Abrishamian, (2012). “Multichannel Drop Filters using Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators”. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 167-170.

[12]. Robinson, S. (2014). “Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator based Optical Filters for Photonic Integrated Circuits”. AIP Publishing, Vol. 1620, No. 1.

[13]. Wikipedia Contributors, (2016). Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia.

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Review Paper

Cantilever Force Sensor based on Photonic Crystals Ring Resonator: A Review

Anjali S. Sanghvi* , Vikas Sahu, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava, Anamika Bhadra, Anshu

*,**,* M.Tech Student, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India.

-*** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, India.

Sanghvi, A. S.,Sahu, V., Shrivastava, S. M., Bhadra, A., and Anshu (2016). Cantilever Force Sensor based on Photonic Crystals Ring Resonator: A Review. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8206

Abstract

Photonic Crystals include hexagonal rings in a two dimensional photonic crystal silicon slab of hexagonal lattice integrated on microcantilevers for sensing applications. Ring resonator is arranged in between two silicon Photonic Crystals waveguides, i.e., bus and drop waveguides. The new ring-resonators were formed by removing holes of a hexagon from a two-dimensional silicon Photonic Crystals slab in a hexagonal lattice. The sensing characteristics of ring resonator at various position adjacent to the junction of the microcantilever and the substrate are investigated. Biomolecules trapped in a hole functionalized with molecule probes will make the wavelength shift of the resonant
peak. This paper aims at further improving two parameters: Quality Factor and Sensitivity by varying radius of the holes and lattice constant. Two-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain method and Effective Refractive Index approaches are to be employed for performing simulation.

References

[1]. Chong Pei Ho, Bo Li, Aaron J Danner, and Chengkuo Lee, (2013). “Design and Modeling of 2-D Photonic Crystals based Hexagonal Triple-Nano-Ring Resonators as Biosensors”. Microsystem Technologies, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 53–60.

[2]. Fu-Li Hsiao and Chengkuo Lee, (2009). “Novel Biosensor based on Photonic Cr ystal Nano-Ring Resonator”. Procedia Chemistry, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 417–420.

[3]. Fu-li Hsiao and Chengkuo Lee, (2010). “Computational Study of Photonic Crystals Nano-Ring Resonator for Biochemical Sensing”. IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 10, No. 7, 1185–1191.

[4]. Fu-Li Hsiao and Chengkuo Lee, (2011). “Nanophotonic biosensors using Hexagonal Nanoring Resonators: Computational Study”. Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 013001–013001

[5]. Igor V. Guryev Igor A. and Sukhoivanov, (2009). Photonic Crystals (First Edition). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Vol. 152.

[6]. J.D. Joannopoulos, S.G. Johnson, J.N. Winn, and R.D. Meade, (2011). Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (Second Edition). Princeton University Press.

[7]. Chengkuo Lee and Jayaraj Thillaigovindan, (2009). “Optical Nanomechanical Sensor using a Silicon Photonic Crystal Cantilever Embedded with a Nanocavity Resonator”. Applied Optics, Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 1797–1803.

[8]. Bo Li, Fu-Li Hsiao, and Chengkuo Lee, (2010). “Configuration Analysis of Sensing Element for Micro- Cantilever Sensor using Dual Nano-Ring Resonator”. In 2010 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics, IEEE, pp. 181–182.

[9]. Bo Li, Fu-Li Hsiao, and Chengkuo Lee, (2011). “Configuration Analysis of Sensing Element for Photonic Crystal based NEMS Cantilever using Dual Nano-Ring Resonator”. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 169, No. 2, pp. 352–361.

[10]. S Robinson (2014). “Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator based Optical Filters for Photonic Integrated Circuits”. In Light and Its Interactions with Matter, AIP Publishing, Vol. 1620, pp. 131-138.

[11]. Poonam Sharma, Fleming Dackson Gudagunti, and Preeta Sharan, (2014). “An Analysis of Quality Factor for Different Bio-Analytes by using Photonic Crystal based Sensor”. In Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), 2014 International Conference on, IEEE, pp. 924–928.

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

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Volume 5 Issue 4 August - October 2016

Solving Network Congestion Problem by Quality ofService Analysis using OPNET

Furat N. Tawfeeq* , Mohammed A. Abdala**

* Assistant Lecturer, National Cancer Research Center, Baghdad University, Iraq. ** Associate Professor, Department of Networks Engineering, College of Information Engineering, AL-Nahrain University, Iraq.

Tawfeeq, F. N., and Abdala, M.A. (2016). Solving Network Congestion Problem by Quality of Service Analysis using OPNET. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8201

Abstract

References

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Analysis of Multi-User Interference in Pseudo-Noise DS-CDMA

Taye Tolu Mekonnen* , Tesfaye Mekonnen Zeleke**, Taye Aychiluhim Fenta***

* Lecturer, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia. ** Engineer, Electric Power Research Institute EPRI, USA. *** Integration Engineer, Ericsson AB Ethiopia Branch, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Mekonnen, T. T., Zeleke, T. M., and Fenta, T. A. (2016). Analysis of Multi-User Interference in Pseudo-Noise DS-CDMA. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8202

Abstract

References

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Modeling the Effect of Dispersion and Cross PhaseModulation in DWDM System

Prachi Agrawal* , Sharad Mohan Shrivastava**, Pooja Sharma***, Rahul Parganiha****, Anuja Mishra*****

*, ***-***** PG Scholar, Department of Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai CG, India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Shri Shankarachrya Technical Campus, Bhilai CG, India.

Agrawal, P., Shrivastava, S. M., Sharma, P., Parganiha, R., and Mishra, A. (2016). Modeling the Effect of Dispersion and Cross Phase Modulation in DWDM System. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8203

Abstract

References

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Optimization of Dual-Band BPF using Defected GroundStructure

Anjali Sachan* , Arvind Kumar Pandey**, R. K. Chauhan***

** Ph.D Scholar, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India. *** Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur,India.

Sachan, A., Pandey, A. K., and Chauhan, R.K. (2016). Optimization of Dual-Band BPF using Defected Ground Structure. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8204

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Wavelength Division Multiplexing and Demultiplexing using Photonic Crystal Multi Channel Add Drop Filter: A Review

Anamika Bhadra* , Vikas Sahu**, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava***, Anshu****, Anjali S. Sanghvi*****

*,****,***** M.Tech Scholar, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India. **-*** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, India.

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Cantilever Force Sensor based on Photonic Crystals Ring Resonator: A Review

Anjali S. Sanghvi* , Vikas Sahu**, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava***, Anamika Bhadra****, Anshu*****

*,****,***** M.Tech Student, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India. **-*** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, India.

Sanghvi, A. S.,Sahu, V., Shrivastava, S. M., Bhadra, A., and Anshu (2016). Cantilever Force Sensor based on Photonic Crystals Ring Resonator: A Review. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.5.4.8206

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* Assistant Lecturer, National Cancer Research Center, Baghdad University, Iraq.

** Associate Professor, Department of Networks Engineering, College of Information Engineering, AL-Nahrain University, Iraq.

Taye Tolu Mekonnen* , Tesfaye Mekonnen Zeleke, Taye Aychiluhim Fenta*

* Lecturer, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Engineer, Electric Power Research Institute EPRI, USA.

* Integration Engineer, Ericsson AB Ethiopia Branch, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Prachi Agrawal* , Sharad Mohan Shrivastava, Pooja Sharma, Rahul Parganiha, Anuja Mishra

, -* PG Scholar, Department of Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai CG, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Shri Shankarachrya Technical Campus, Bhilai CG, India.

Anjali Sachan* , Arvind Kumar Pandey, R. K. Chauhan*

Ph.D Scholar, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

* Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur,India.

Anamika Bhadra* , Vikas Sahu, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava, Anshu, Anjali S. Sanghvi

*,**,* M.Tech Scholar, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India.

-*** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, India.

Anjali S. Sanghvi* , Vikas Sahu, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava, Anamika Bhadra, Anshu

*,**,* M.Tech Student, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India.

-*** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, India.