i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 2

Design and Development of Patient Care Voice Actuated Bed in Hospital
A Low Profile Dual U Shaped Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/C Band Applications
A Miniaturized Dual L Shaped with Truncated Ground Rectangular Monopole Antenna for 5G and Wireless Communications
A Centre C-Shaped Dual Band Rectangular Monopole Antenna for Wi-Fi and Wireless Communication
Impact of Subchannel Symbol Rates on WSS Filtering Penalty in Elastic Optical Networks: A Comparative Study

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 1 November - January 2013

Research Paper

Detection of Man-In-The-Middle Attack In Computer Networks

Salifu Abdul-Mumin*

University for Development Studies, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computer Science, Navrongo, Ghana.

Abdul-Mumin, S. (2013). Detection of Man-In-The-Middle Attack in Computer Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2071

Abstract

In this paper, the author presented how Man-in-the-Middle problem can be executed by an attacker. He also proposed a simple and lightweight protocol that will make it undesirable for black hats to carry out this act. The proposed detection protocol has been simulated in a wireless environment to test the effectiveness of the detection mechanism. In all cases the simulated man-in-the-middle attack was detected. The performance of the proposed detection mechanism was evaluated against an existing detection mechanism.

References

[1]. Azzedine Boukerche -Security and Fraud Detection in Mobile and Wireless Networks

[2]. Daniel Sweeney (2006). Building 802.16 Wireless Networks, Second Edition.

[3]. Lam, K. & Leblanc, D. & Smith, K., (2006). Theft on The Web: Prevent Session Hijacking. Retrieved from the web 07/06/2009

[4]. Mary Landesman About.com Guide- Man in the Middle attack and Redirection

[5]. Plummer, D.C. (1982). An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol-Converting Network Protocol to a 48 bit Ethernet Address for Transmission on Ethernet Hardware, RFC-826.

[6]. R. Rivest, (1982). The MDS message-digest algorithm, RFC286, Internet Engineering Task Force, Symbolic, Inc.

[7]. Sean Whalen (2001). Introduction to ARP Spoofing , April 2001.

[8]. Zouheir Trabelsi and Khaed Shuaib, Spoofed ARP Packets Detection in Switched LAN Networks.

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Research Paper

BER and PER Performance analysis on SUI Fading Channel in WMAN OFDM

Prabakaran* , K.S. Shaji**

* Research Scholar, Sathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai, India.

** Professor & Principal, Rajas International Institute of Technology for Women, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu,

Prabakaran, N., and Shaji, K. S. (2013). BER and PER Performance Analysis on Sui Fading Channel in WMAN OFDM. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2072

Abstract

The objective of this paper is the performance of WiMAX under Stanford University Interim (SUI) fading channels in IEEE802.16 using different data rates and digital modulation (BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM) techniques were analyzed. Most existing systems, based on performance and evaluation under channel condition are limited to AWGN, ITU in WiMAX. The performance of OFDM physical layer in WiMAX based on the simulation results of Bit Error Rate (BER) versus the ratio of bit energy to noise power spectral density (Eb/No) and the Packet Error Rate (PER) versus the ratio of bit energy to noise power spectral density (Eb/No). The system parameters used in this paper are based on IEEE 802.16 standards. The performance analysis of WiMAX is done in ADS simulation.

References

[1]. IEEE 2010 Omar Arafat,K.Dimyati, A study of physical layer of Mobile WiMax under different communication channels & modulation technique.

[2]. Md.ZahidHasan,Md.AshrafulIslam, (2009). Comparative Study of Different Guard Time Intervals to Improve the BER Performance of WiMAX Systems to Minimize the Effects of ISI and ICI under Adaptive Modulation Techniques over SUI-1 and AWGN Communication Channels, (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 6, No.2.

[3]. Propagation models for wireless mobile communications D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier, Microwave Lab. UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

[4]. V. Erceg, K.V.S. Hari, M.S. Smith, D.S. Baum et al, “Channel Models for Fixed Wireless Applications”, IEEE 802.16.3 Task Group Contributions 2001, Feb. 01.

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Research Paper

Fault Tolerance in IEC 61850 based Micro Grid Automation Network

Y.Jaganmohan Reddy* , K. Padmaraju*****

--Honeywell Technology Solutions Lab (Pvt) Ltd, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, AP, India.

Reddy, Y. J., Kumar, Y. V. P., Raju, K. P., and Ramsesh, A. (2013). Fault Tolerance in IEC 61850 Based Micro Grid Automation Network. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2073

Abstract

Substation Automation Networks are increasingly deployed with devices adhering to IEC 61850 communication standards. Substation equipment can be categorized as critical infrastructure and hence the expectation on the availability and reliability is high. The high levels of availability in substations are required for the electronic devices and communication devices as well. Due to the nature of the application, the communication latency of the substation events shall be very high due to the criticality of the information carried in the network. One of the methods to improve the availability of the communication system is to provide redundancy. The IEC 61850 communication is based on the Ethernet and hence carries some disadvantages like very fast switchover and recovery in the event of link or switch failures. The paper aims at study of the redundant communication paths, recovery scenarios, tolerance levels, fault detection and associated impact on the communications. The above study is performed in the context of an automation system for integrating the Distributed Energy Sources to the Electrical Power System.

References

[1]. Vehbi C. Gungor, Dilan Sahin, Taskin Kocak, Salih Ergüt, Concettina Buccella, Carlo Cecati, and Gerhard P. Hancke, “Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and Standards,” IEEE Transactions On Industrial Informatics, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 529-539, 2011.

[2]. Dujeong Lee, Kyusan Lee, Susang Yoo Rhee, J.-K.K., “Efficient Ethernet Ring Mesh Network Design”, IEEE Transaction on Light wave Technology, Vol. 29 , No. 18, pp. 2677 – 2683, 2011.

[3]. Ibrahim, M.N., Zivanovic, R., “Factor-space dimension reduction for sensitivity analysis of intelligent electronic devices”, TENCON 2011-2011 IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp. 1035 – 1039, 2011.

[4]. A. Giorgetti, F. Cugini, F. Paolucci, L. Valcarenghi, A. Pistone, and P. Castoldi, “Performance Analysis of Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP),” In press, The article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of IEEE Transactions, 2011.

[5]. Montignies, P., Angays, P. Guise, L., “IEC 61850 in the Oil and Gas Industries”, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications Magazine, Vol. 17, No.1, pp. 36 – 46, 2011.

[6]. Pedrasa, M.A.A., Spooner, T.D., MacGill, I.F, “Coordinated Scheduling of Residential Distributed Energy Resources To Optimize Smart Home Energy Services”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 1, pp. 134 – 143, 2010.

[7]. Myongsoo Kim, Metzner, J.J., “A Key Exchange Method for Intelligent Electronic Devices in Distribution Automation”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 25, No.3, pp. 1458 – 1464, 2010.

[8]. Hannu Jaakko Laaksonen, “Protection Principles for Future Microgrids”, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2010

[9]. Cagil R. Ozansoy, Aladin Zayegh, and Akhtar Kalam, “The Application-View Model of the International Standard IEC 61850”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 24, No. 3, 2009.

[10]. Sanchez, R.; Raptis, L.; Vaxevanakis, K, “Ethernet as a carrier grade technology: developments and innovations,” IEEE Transactions On Communications Magazine, Vol. 46, No. 9, pp. 88-94, 2008.

[11]. Cavendish D., Ohta H., Rakotoranto H., “Operation, administration, and maintenance in MPLS networks,” “IEEE Transaction on Communications Magazine”, Vol. 42, No.10, pp. 91 – 99, 2004.

[12]. Aggarwal, R, “OAM mechanisms in MPLS layer 2 transport networks,” IEEE Transactions On Communications Magazine, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 124-130, 2004.

[13]. Prodromides, K.H, Sanders, W.H, “Performability evaluation of CSMA/CD and CSMA/DCR protocols under transient fault conditions,” IEEE Transactions on Reliability, Volume. 42, Issue. 1, pp. 116 – 127, 2002

[14]. Luan S.W, Gligor V.D, “A Fault-Tolerant Protocol for Atomic Broadcast,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Volume. 1, Issue. 3, pp. 271 – 285, 2002

[15]. Maxion, R.A., Feather, F.E., “A case study of Ethernet anomalies in a distributed computing environment”, IEEE Transaction on Reliability, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 433 – 443, 2002.

[16]. Todd, T.D., “The Token Grid Network”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 279 – 287, 2002.

[17]. Apostolov, A.P., “Integration of legacy intelligent electronic devices in UCA based digital control systems”, IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, Vol. 1, 2002.

[18]. Tor Skeie, Svein Johannessen, and Christoph Brunner, “ETHERNET in Substation Automation,” IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp.43-51, Issue. June 2002.

[19]. T. S. Sidhu, Modeling and Simulation for Performance Evaluation of IEC61850-Based Substation Communication Systems, IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 22, No. 3, July 2007, pp. 1482–89.

[20]. C.R. Ozansoy, Modeling and Object Oriented Implementation of IEC 61850, Lambert academic Publishing ISBN:978-3-8383-5848-2

[21]. Cagil.R, Ozansoy, The real time Publisher/Subscriber Communication Model for Distributed Substation Systems. IEEE transactions on Power Delivery Vol 22, No.3, 2007.

[22]. IEC 61850 Part 7-420 DER Logical Nodes, Communication Networks and Systems for Power Utility automation for Distributed Energy Resources.

[23]. High speed Ethernet redundancy, Foundation field bus FF-593 FS1.34

[24]. IEC 61850-7-2:2003 Communication networks and systems in substations-Part 7-2: Basic communication structure for substations and feeder equipment –Abstract communication service interface.

[25]. IEC6185 0-7-1:2003 Basic Communication structure for substation and feeder equipment – principles and models.

[26]. IEC 61850 Short Tutorial –Klaus-Peter Brand- Internet

[27] .Web http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic _Substation _Events

[28]. IEC 61850-5 Communication requirements for functions and device models 2003. First Edition pp. 43-48.

[29]. Klaus-Peter Brand, Volker Lohmann, Wolfgang Wimmer “Substation Automation Handbook,” Utility Automation Consulting Lohmann pp. 152-182, 2003.

[30]. “OPNET Modeler -- OPNET Technologies”. Information Available at http://www.opnet.com

[31]. Alexander Apostolov, Christoph Brunner, Kay Clinard, Use of IEC 61850

[32]. F. Engler, T.L. Kern, etc, “IEC 61850 based digital communication as interface to the primary equipment,” CIGRE, paper B3-205, 2004.

[33]. “Object Models for Power System Quality/Security Data Exchange”, CIGRE/PES, CIGRE/IEEE PES International Symposium, 2003

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Research Paper

Effect on Modal-Index due to an Etched Film Thickness in 3-D Ridge Waveguide Structure

S. K. Raghuwanshi* , Ajay Kumar, Santosh Kumar*

PhD Student, Photonics Lab, Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines , Dhanbad, India

Assistant Professor, Photonics Lab, Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines , Dhanbad, India

Kumar, A., Raghuwanshi, S. K., and Kumar, S. (2013). Effect on Modal-Index Due to an Etched Film Thickness In 3-D Ridge Waveguide Structure. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2074

Abstract

The ridge waveguides is the most commonly used structure in integrated optics, especially in semiconductor diode lasers. Demands for new applications such as high-speed data backplanes in integrated electronics, waveguide filters, optical multiplexers and optical switches are driving technology toward better materials and processing techniques for planar waveguide structures. This paper addresses mainly the application of modal method to analyze the 3-D ridge waveguide structure. We have analyzed the modal index of ridge waveguide using various numerical methods based on Beam propagation method. Scalar, semi-vector, and full-vector propagation analysis are done for different etched film thickness (d) . The results calculated by the proposed scheme for dispersion characteristics of ridge waveguides shows good agreement with previously published data based on other rigorous numerical methods.

References

[1].Cohn, S. B. (1947). Properties of ridge waveguide. Proc. IRE, 35, 783–788..

[2].Hopfer, S. (1955). The design of ridged waveguides. IRE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-5. 20–29.

[3].Shen, T. (2003). Length reduction of evanescent-mode ridge waveguide bandpass filters. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 40, 71–90.

[4]. Burton, Richard S. and Schlesinger Tuviah E. (1996). Comparative Analysis of the Method-of-Lines for Three- Dimensional Curved Dielectric Waveguides. J. of Lightwave Technol., 14 ( 2), 209-216.

[5].Raghuwanshi, S. K. and Talabattula S. (2009). Analytical approximation solutions for 3-D optical waveguides: Review. Indian J. Phys., 83 (2) 127-151.

[6]. Marcatili, E. A. J. (1969). Dielectric rectangular waveguide and directional coupler for integrated optics. Bell System Tech. J., 48, 2071-2102.

[7].Marcuse, D. (1991). Theory of dielectric waveguide 2 Ed., Academic Press, San Diego

[8].Hocker, G. B. and Burns, W. K. (1977). Mode dispersion in diffused channel waveguides by the effective index method. Appl. Optics, 16, 113-118..

[9].Winick, Kim A. (1992). Effective-index method and coupled mode theory for almost periodic waveguide gratings a comparison. App. Optics, 31, 6, 757-764.

[10]. Kawano. K. and Kitoh, T. (2001). Introduction to optical waveguide analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

[11].Okamoto, K. (2000). Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides. Academic Press, San Diego.

[12].Tsao, C. (1992). Optical Fibre Waveguide Analysis. Oxford University Press.

[13].Yeh, C. and Lindgren, G. (1977). Computing the propagation characteristics of radially stratified fibers: an efficient method. Appl. Opti., 16 (2) 483-493.

[14].Chilwell, J. and Hodgkinson, I. (1984). Thin-films fieldtransfer matrix theory of planar multilayer waveguides and reflection from prism-loaded waveguide. JOSA A, 1, 742-753..

[15].Feit, M. D. and J. A. Fleck, Jr. (1990). Analysis of rib waveguides and couplers by the propagating beam method,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 7, 73-79..

[[16].Chenglin, Xu (1994). Finite-Difference Technique for Simulation of Vectorial Wave Propagation in Photonic Guided-Wave Devices. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Waterloo.

[18]. Huang, W. P. and Xu, C. L. (1993). Simulation of three dimensional optical waveguide by a full-vector beam propagation method, IEEE J. Select. Quantum Electron, 29, 2639-2649.

[19].Hadley, G. R. (1995). Full-vector waveguide modeling using an Interative finite-difference method with transparent boundary conditions. J. Lightwave Technol,. 13, 465-469.

[20]. Accornero, R., Artiglia, M., Coppa, G., Vita, P. Di, Lapenza, G., Potenza, M. and Ravetto, P. (1990). Finite difference methods for the analysis of integrated optical waveguide. Electron Lett., 26, 1959-1960.

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Research Paper

An Effective Image Retrieval Technique Based on Color and Texture to salient features of image

T. Ramashri* , K. prasanthi**

Professor, S.V. University, Tirupathi.

M.Tech, S.V. University, Tirupathi

Ramashri, T. and Prasanthi, K. (2013). An Effective Image Retrieval Technique Based on Color and Texture to Salient Features of Image. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2075

Abstract

In content-based image retrieval (CBIR), color and texture are the most intuitive image features and it is widely used. But the current color feature can describe the semantics of the whole image effectively, but does not reflect characteristics of the color salience objects in an image. For the purpose of giving paper proposes a new color feature description model is proposed at first. This model integrates the intensity, the color contrast and self-saliency, sparsity and centricity saliency to describe human color visual perception of the image. Then, the new color feature descriptor is calculated by weighting the significant bit-plane histograms with color perception map. Finally, similarity measure is presented for the new color feature. Then for more efficient retrieval again the retrieved images are then compared for texture .Now because of the texture of salience retrieved image more accurate images can be retrieved. Experiment results show that the proposed color and texture feature is more accurate and efficient in retrieving images with user-interested color objects. Here a typical query can be a region of interest provided by the user, such as outlining patch in satellite image. Compared with the other retrieval methods, the proposed technique improves the retrieval accuracy effectively.

References

[1]. Swain, M. J., & Ballard, D. H..(1991). Color indexing. International Journal of Computer Vision, 7(1), pp.11–32).

[2]. Stricker, M. A. & Orengo, M. (1995). Similarity of color images. In Proceedings of SPIE on storage retrieval for image and video databases, California, Vol. 2420, pp. 381-392).

[3]. Gao Li-chun, (2011). Xu Ye-qiang. Image retrieval based on relevance feedback using blocks weighted dominant colors in MPEG-7, Journal of computer applications, (31(6),pp.1549-1551).

[4]. Wang Xiang-Yang, Yang Hong-Ying, Zheng Hong- Liang, Wu Jun-Feng, (2010). A Color Block-histogram Image Retrieval Based on Visual Weight, Acta Automatica Sinica ,( 36(10),pp.1489-1492).

[5]. Wang Xiangyang, Hu Fengli (2007). A Robust Color Image Based on Significant Bit-plane, Journal of Image and Graphics, (12(9),pp.1647-1652).

[6]. Shen Yuntao (2005). Research on Visual Perception- Based Image Retrieval, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree in Pattern Analysis and Intelligent System, (pp.59-78).

[7]. C. Koch and S. Ulman (1985). Shifts in Selection in Visual Attention: Toward the Underlying Neural Circuitry. Human Neurobiology, (Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.219~227).

[8]. L. Itti, C. Koch, E. Niebur (1998). A model of saliencybased visual attention for rapid scene analysis [J]. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, (20(11): pp.1254-1259).

[9] L. Itti, C. Koch (1999). A comparison of feature combination strategies for saliency-based visual attention systems [C]. Proceedings of Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging IV SPIE, ( Vol. 3644: pp.373-382).

[10]. L. Itti, C. Koch (2001). Feature combination strategies for saliency-based visual attention systems [J]. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 10(1):pp.161-169).

[11]. L. Itti, C. Koch (2001). Computational modeling of visual attention [J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, (2(3):pp.194-230).

[12]. Itten J. (1961). The Elements of Color. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA.

[13]. A.C. Bovic, M. Clark, and W.S. Geisler, (1990). ''Multichannel Texture Anlysis Using Localized Spatial Filters,''IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, (Vol. 12, No.1 ,pp.55-73,Jan).

[14]. B.S.Manjunath and R.Chellapa, (1993). "A unified Approach to Boundary Detection ,"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, (Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 96-108, Jan).

[15]. B.S. Manjunath and R. Chellapa, (1992). "A Feature Based Approuch to Face Recognition," Proc. IEEE conf. CVPR'92, (pp.373-378, Chapaign,Ill., June).

[16]. B.S. Manjunath, C. Shekhar, and R. Chellapa, (1996). "A New Approach to Image Feature Detection with Applications,"Pattern Recognition, Apr.

[17]. T. Chang and C.C.J. Kuo, (1993). "Texture Analysis and classification with Tree-structured wavelet Transform,"IEEE Trns. Image processing, (vol.2, no.4,pp.429-441,Oct.).

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 2

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 1 November - January 2013

Detection of Man-In-The-Middle Attack In Computer Networks

Salifu Abdul-Mumin*

University for Development Studies, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computer Science, Navrongo, Ghana.

Abdul-Mumin, S. (2013). Detection of Man-In-The-Middle Attack in Computer Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2071

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

BER and PER Performance analysis on SUI Fading Channel in WMAN OFDM

Prabakaran* , K.S. Shaji**

* Research Scholar, Sathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai, India. ** Professor & Principal, Rajas International Institute of Technology for Women, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu,

Prabakaran, N., and Shaji, K. S. (2013). BER and PER Performance Analysis on Sui Fading Channel in WMAN OFDM. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2072

Abstract

References

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Fault Tolerance in IEC 61850 based Micro Grid Automation Network

Y.Jaganmohan Reddy* , K. Padmaraju*****

*-**-****Honeywell Technology Solutions Lab (Pvt) Ltd, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India ***Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, AP, India.

Reddy, Y. J., Kumar, Y. V. P., Raju, K. P., and Ramsesh, A. (2013). Fault Tolerance in IEC 61850 Based Micro Grid Automation Network. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2073

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

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Effect on Modal-Index due to an Etched Film Thickness in 3-D Ridge Waveguide Structure

S. K. Raghuwanshi* , Ajay Kumar**, Santosh Kumar***

PhD Student, Photonics Lab, Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines , Dhanbad, India Assistant Professor, Photonics Lab, Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines , Dhanbad, India

Kumar, A., Raghuwanshi, S. K., and Kumar, S. (2013). Effect on Modal-Index Due to an Etched Film Thickness In 3-D Ridge Waveguide Structure. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2074

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

An Effective Image Retrieval Technique Based on Color and Texture to salient features of image

T. Ramashri* , K. prasanthi**

Professor, S.V. University, Tirupathi. M.Tech, S.V. University, Tirupathi

Ramashri, T. and Prasanthi, K. (2013). An Effective Image Retrieval Technique Based on Color and Texture to Salient Features of Image. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.1.2075

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

* Research Scholar, Sathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai, India.

** Professor & Principal, Rajas International Institute of Technology for Women, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu,

--Honeywell Technology Solutions Lab (Pvt) Ltd, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, AP, India.

S. K. Raghuwanshi* , Ajay Kumar, Santosh Kumar*

PhD Student, Photonics Lab, Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines , Dhanbad, India

Assistant Professor, Photonics Lab, Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines , Dhanbad, India

Professor, S.V. University, Tirupathi.

M.Tech, S.V. University, Tirupathi