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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

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Volume 7 Issue 4 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Ansys Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams

H. R. Manjunath* , R. Prabhakara**

*Associate Professor, R V College of Architecture, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

**Professor-Emeritus at Structural Engineering Division, Visvesvarya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Manjunath, H. R., & Prabhakara, R. (2019). Ansys Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15483

Abstract

The knowledge of deformation characteristics is essential for better understanding of basic behaviour of High Strength Concrete (HSC) beams and the mechanism of failure. The large number of investigations was carried out on flexural behavior of HSC beams, but still the major issue of serviceability requirement of the beam is not yet understood properly. The behaviour of HSC is understood over the following headings of cracking moment, load deflection, ductility index, crack width, and ultimate moment carrying capacity. The paper describes the nonlinear Finite Element Modeling (FEM) and analysis of singly reinforced and doubly reinforced HSC beams for flexural behavior. The FEM tool is used to model RCC and calculate the non-linear behavior of the structural RCC members. The 8-noded SOLID-65 element was used to model concrete, that can translate in the x, y, or z-axis directions and reinforcements were modeled as discrete elements using 3D-LINK8 bar element in the ANSYS. A total of nine beams of M100 grade were modeled of overall size 100 mm x 170 mm and varying effective length so that l/d ration is 15, 20, and 25. All the beams were subjected to two point loading with simply supported condition. The analysis were carried out using IS and ACI codes and compared with experimental values and ANSYS results.

References

[1]. Ansys. (n.d). Revision v12. 1. ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, Pennsylvania.

[2]. American Concrete Institute Committee 363. (1992). State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength Concrete (ACI 363 R-92). American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI.

[3]. Ashour, S. A. (2000). Effect of compressive strength and tensile reinforcement ratio on flexural behavior of high-strength concrete beams. Engineering Structures, 22(5), 413-423.

[4]. Barbosa, A. F., & Ribeiro, G. O. (1998). Analysis of RC structures using ANSYS nonlinear concrete model. Proceedings of Conference on Computational Mechanics, New Trends and Applications (pp. 1-7).

[5]. Dahmani, L., Khennane, A., & Kaci, S. (2010). Crack identification in reinforced concrete beams using ANSYS software. Strength of Materials, 42(2), 232-240.

[6]. Ibrahim, F. K. (2010). Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of high strength lightweight concrete beam. Engineering and Technology Journal, 28(10), 366-368.

[7]. Manjunath, H. R., & Chandra, S. H. B. (2009). Flexural behavior of doubly reinforced high strength concrete beam (M.Tech Thesis, MSRIT Bangalore).

[8]. Mansur, M. A., Chin, M. S., & Wee, T. H. (1997). Flexural behavior of HSC beams. ACI Structural Journal, 94(6), 663- 673.

[9]. Parvanova, S., Kazakov, K. S., Kerelezova, I. G., Gospodinov, G. K., & Nielsen, M. P. (2005, May). Modelling the nonlinear behaviour of R/C beams with moderate shear span and without stirrups using ANSYS. In Proc. of International Conference (pp. 165-170).

[10]. Prabhakara, R., & Ravi, G. (2010). Analysis of flexural behavior of doubly reinforced high strength concrete beams (M.Tech Thesis, MSRIT Bangalore).

[11]. Ridha, M. M. S. (2008). Nonlinear finite element analysis of high strength fiber reinforced concrete corbels. Engineering and Technology Journal, 26(1), 1-15.

[12]. Saifullah, I., Hossain, M. A., Uddin, S. M. K., Khan, M. R. A., & Amin, M. A. (2011). Nonlinear analysis of RC beam for different shear reinforcement patterns by finite element analysis. IJCEE, 11(1), 63-74.

[13]. Wolanski, A. J. (2004). Flexural behavior of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams using finite element analysis (Doctoral Dissertation, Marquette University).

[14]. Wu, Z., Choi, W., Mirmiran, A., Rizkalla, S., & Zia, P. (2005, June). Flexural behavior and design of high-strength concrete members. In Seventh International Symposium on Utilization of High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete (pp. 421-438).

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Research Paper

Study on Strength Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete

Kunchala Ashok* , Tangudu Manoj **

* Assistant Professor (Contract), Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Ashok, K., & Manoj, T. (2019). Study on Strength Properties of Light Weight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15473

Abstract

The Lightweight Aggregate Concrete is usually produced by using natural and artificial lightweight aggregate together with mineral and chemical admixtures. In this study, artificially occurring lightweight expanded clay aggregate was used for the development of structural lightweight concrete to reduce both the high self weight and the negative environmental effects that are typically associated with the production of normal Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. The main purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete and normal weight aggregate concrete and also the study focused on influence of the physical properties of the aggregates on strength development. In this research, the investigation done about the use of lightweight expanded clay aggregate as coarse aggregate in concrete by replacing normal weight aggregate up to 60% by volume along with the steel fibers to produce a Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete (LECAC) and the unit weight in the range of 1600 kg/m³ to 1800 kg/m³. The primary aim of the investigation was to reduce both the economic costs and the negative environmental effects that are typically associated with production of lightweight concrete containing artificially produced aggregates by taking advantage of India abundant expanded clay resources. LECA is a lighter aggregate with a higher strength when compared to other artificial lightweight aggregates, it allows producing high strength, lightweight concrete that can be used in structural systems of buildings. This study also includes the properties of lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete, such as workability of fresh concrete, compressive strength of cubes at 28 days and 90 days, compressive strength of cylinders, split tensile strength of cylinders, and flexural strength of prisms at 28 days.

References

[1]. Bajare, D., Kazjonovs, J., & Korjakins, A. (2013). Lightweight concrete with aggregates made by using industrial waste. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 4(5), 67-73.

[2]. Bodnárová, L., Hela, R., Hubertová, M., & Nováková, I. (2014). Behaviour of lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete exposed to high temperatures. International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 8(12), 1205-1208.

[3]. Desai, V. B., & Sathyam, A. (2014). Some studies on strength properties of lightweight cinder aggregate concrete. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(2), 1-13.

[4]. Hyeok, K., Mun, J. H., Sim, J., & Song, J. K. (2011). Effect of water content on the properties of lightweight Alkali Activated slag concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23, 886-894.

[5]. Khaiat, H. A., & Haque, N. (1999). Strength and durability of lightweight and normal weight concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 11(3), 231-235.

[6]. Kumar, R. A., & Prakash, P. (2015a). Mechanical properties of structural lightweight concrete by blending cinder & LECA. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(10), 64-67.

[7]. Kumar, R. A., & Prakash, P. (2015b). Studies on structural lightweight concrete by blending lightweight aggregates. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management (IJIREM), 2(4), 48-52.

[8]. Mahdy, M. (2016). Structural Lightweight Concrete using cured LECA. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 5(9), 25-31.

[9]. Mandlik, A., Sood, T. S., Karade, S., Naik, S., & Amrutakulkarni, (2015). Lightweight concrete using EPS. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(3), 2007- 2010.

[10]. Nemes, R., & Jozsa, Z. (2006). Strength of lightweight glass aggregate concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 18(5), 710-714.

[11]. Parmar, A., Patel, U., Vaghashiya, A., Parmar, A., & Parmar, P. (2016). Fresh concrete properties of lightweight concrete using EPS and LECA as a replacement of normal aggregates. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 4(1), 663- 666.

[12]. Paul, S., & Babu, G. (2014). Mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate geo polymer concrete using lightweight expanded clay aggregate. Transaction on Engineering and Sciences, 2(10), 33-35.

[13]. Sellakkannu, N., & Tamilarasan, C. (2016). Feasibility study on lightweight aggregates in concrete - a review. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development (IJSRD), 3(12), 230-234.

[14]. Shebannavar, H., Maneeth, P. D., & Brijbhushan, S. (2015). Comparative study of LECA as a complete replacement of coarse aggregate by ACI method with equivalent likeness of strength of is method. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2(8), 589-594.

[15]. Sonia, T., & Subashini, R. (2016). Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of lightweight concrete using LECA. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(11), 1511-1514.

[16]. Subasi, S. (2009). The effects of using fly ash on high strength lightweight concrete produced with expanded clay aggregate. Scientific Research and Essay, 4, 275-288.

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Research Paper

Experimental Study of Properties of Concrete using GGBS and M-Sand with Addition of Basalt Fibre

Pasupuleti Murali Krishna* , K. Rajasekhar**

* PG Student, Department of Structural Engineering, SEAGI-Integrated Campus, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Principal and Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SEAGI-Integrated Campus, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Krishna, P. M., & Rajasekhar, K. (2019). Experimental Study of Properties of Concrete using GGBS and M-Sand with Addition of Basalt Fibre, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15441

Abstract

The present experimental investigation is to study the effect of replacement of Cement by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Fine Aggregate (FA) by M-Sand. The effects of combined replacement by GGBS, M-Sand, and chopped basalt strands on compression strength, split tension strength, and young's modulus strength of concrete are also investigated. Comparison of the results of tests on Conventional Concrete, and concrete made with partial substitutions and combinations of GGBS, M-Sand, and chopped basalt strands are done. The durability of concrete is studied through an acid attack test on specimens of both Conventional Concrete and modified concrete. Replacement levels of fine aggregate with M-Sand are 10%, 20%, and 30%. Replacement levels of Cement with GGBS are 10%, 15%, and 20%. The dosage of basalt fibres is 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight of cement. The mechanical properties were compared with the control mix for a combination of GGBS (15%), M-Sand (30%), and 1.5% of Basalt Fibre. There is a significant performance improvement of the compressive strength, by up to 21%. A similar trend is observed in the case of Split Tensile Strength (29.5%) and in Flexural Strength (9.2%).

References

[1]. Basalt Fibre. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt_fiber

[2]. Bureau of India Standards. (2013). Ordinary Portland Cement, 43 Grade. (IS 12269-2013) New Delhi, India.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1959). Indian Standard Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete (Reaffirmed 2004) (IS 516-1959). New Delhi, India.

[4]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1963a). Indian Standard Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete: Particle Size and Shape Part I (Reaffirmed 2002) (IS 2386-1963). New Delhi, India.

[5]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1963b). Indian Standard Methods of test for aggregates for concrete: Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking. Part III (Reaffirmed 2002) (IS 2386-1963). New Delhi, India.

[6]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1963c). Indian Standard Methods of test for aggregates for concrete: Mechanical properties Part IV (Reaffirmed 2007) (IS 2386-1963). New Delhi, India.

[7]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1970). Specification for coarse, fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete (Reaffirmed 2002) (IS 383 1970). New Delhi, India.

[8]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1979). Indian Standard Specification for apparatus for flexural testing of concrete (Reaffirmed 2004) (IS 9399-1979). New Delhi, India.

[9]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1988). Indian Standard Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement: Determination of consistency of standard cement paste Part IV (Reaffirmed 2005) (IS 4031-1988). New Delhi, India.

[10]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1999). Indian Standard splitting tensile strength of concrete-Method of a test (Reaffirmed 2004) (IS 5816-1999). New Delhi, India.

[11]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2000). Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice (Reaffirmed 2005) (IS 456-2000). New Delhi, India.

[12]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2009). Guidelines for concrete mix proportioning (Reaffirmed 2014)-(first revision) (IS 10262-2009). New Delhi, India.

[13]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2013). Specification for 53 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement (First Revision) (IS 12269-2013). New Delhi, India.

[14]. CSMA. (n.d). Cementitious Slag Makers Association. Retrieved from https://ukcsma.co.uk/what -is-ggbs/

[15]. GGBS. (2009). Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS). Retrieved from https://ggbsreviewgroup.blogspot.in

[16]. Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag. (n.d). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ground_granulated_blast-furnace_slag

[17]. Irine, F. (2014). Strength aspects of basalt fiber reinforced concrete. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering, 1(8), 192-198.

[18]. Kabay, N. (2014). Abrasion resistance and fracture energy of concretes with basalt fiber. Construction and Building Materials, 50, 95-101.

[19]. Ketan. R. G., & Kulkarni, S. M. (2013). The performance of basalt fiber in high strength concrete. Journal of Information, Knowledge and Research in Civil Engineering, 2(2), 117-124.

[20]. Manufactured Sand Fine Aggregate. (n.d). In Master Builder. Retrieved from https://webcache.google usercontent.com/search?q=cache:x4JhHll8t2QJ:https://w ww.masterbuilder.co.in/manufactured-sand/+&cd= 13&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in

[21]. Patil, Y. O., Patil, P. N., & Kumar, D. A. (2013). GGBS as partial replacement of OPC in cement concrete–An experimental study. International Journal of Scientific Research, 2(11), 189-191.

[22]. Ramachandran, V. S. (1996). Concrete Admixtures Handbook: Properties, Science and Technology. William Andrew.

[23]. Shetty, M. S. (n.d). Concrete technology theory and practices. Retrieved from https://easyengineering.net/ concrete-technology-theory-and-practice/

[24]. Singaravadivelan, R., Sakthieswaren, N., & Muthuramu, D. K. (2012). Experimental Investigation on the behaviour of flexural strengthening of beam using Basalt Fiber. In International Conference on Automotive, Mechanical and Materials Engineering (ICAMME'2012) (pp. 19-20).

[25]. Singha, K. (2012). A short review on Basalt Fiber. International Journal of Textile Science, 1(4), 19-28.

[26]. Suresh, D., & Nagaraju, K. (2015). Ground Granulated Blast Slag (GGBS) in Concrete – A review. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 12(4), 76- 82.

[27]. Tumadhir, M. (2013). Thermal and mechanical properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 334-337.

[28]. Wafa, F. F. (1990). Properties & applications of fiber reinforced concrete. Engineering Sciences, 2(1), 49-67.

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Research Paper

Different Methods for Manufacturing of Translucent Concrete and its Applications

Nadeem Gulzar Shahmir* , Manzoor Ahmad Tantary**

*Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

**Professor, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Shahmir, N. G., & Ahmad, M. (2019). Different Methods for Manufacturing of Translucent Concrete and its Applications, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15013

Abstract

This paper deals with, how to make translucent concrete using coarse aggregates and how this concrete will act as a useful material for green buildings. In this paper, the authors also talk about the application of translucent concrete. Translucent concrete is a special type of concrete, which is used in green buildings for the purpose of using light resources efficiently. Green building refers both to create structures and using processes that are environment-friendly and resource-efficient throughout a building's lifecycle. Plastic optical fiber is used for the purpose of light. Light is one of the most important components required throughout the life of buildings. Consumption of electricity is reduced by using translucent concrete. The natural as well as artificial light resources are used efficiently. They have also studied the use of mechanical effects of introducing Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) into concrete. Self-compacting concrete is used in it. They have also studied how they prepared SCC and what design mix of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, watercement ratio, and admixture were required.

References

[1]. Ahuja, A., Mosalam, K. M., & Zohdi, T. I. (2015). Computational modelling of translucent concrete panels. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 21(2), 1-8.

[2]. Bashbash, B. F., Hajrus, R. M., Wafi, D. F., & Alqedra, M. (2013). Basics of light transmitting concrete. Basics of Light Transmitting Concrete, 2(3), 76-83.

[3]. Bhat, A. P. J., Shahmir, N. G., & Diwaker, D. (2016). An experimental study on efficiency and cost analysis of pellucid concrete. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 6(8), 71-78.

[4]. He, J., Zhou, Z., Ou, J., & Huang, M. (2011, July). Study on smart transparent concrete product and its performances. In the 6^th International Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology (Vol. 7, pp. 25-26).

[5]. Karandikar, A., Virdhi, N., & Deep, A. (2015). Translucent concrete: Test of compressive strength and transmittance. Micron, 237, 177-180.

[6]. Luhar, S., & Khandelwal, U. (2015). Compressive strength of translucent concrete. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Emerg. Technol., 8(2), 52-54.

[7]. Peña-García, A., Gil-Martín, L. M., & Rabaza, O. (2016). Application of translucent concrete for lighting purposes in civil infrastructures and its optical characterization. Key Engineering Materials, 663, 148-156.

[8]. Salih, S. A., Joni, H. H., & Mohamed, S. A. (2014). Effect of plastic optical fiber on some properties of translucent concrete. Engineering and Technology Journal (Part (A) Engineering), 32(10), 2846-2861.

[9]. Sawant, A. B., Jugdar, R. V., & Sawant, S. G. (2014). Light transmitting concrete by using optical fiber. Int. J. Inventive Eng. Sci., 3(1), 23-28.

[10]. Shahmir, N. G., & Tantary, M. A. (2018). Experimental investigation on transmission of light in green buildings using translucent concrete. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(4), 201-205.

[11]. Verso, L., Pagliolico, S. L., & Ligi, L. (2015). A novel translucent concrete panel with waste glass inclusions for architectural applications. The Indian Concrete Journal 89(7), 34-42.

[12]. Zhou, Z., Ou, G., Hang, Y., Chen, G., & Ou, J. (2009, April). Research and development of plastic optical fiber based smart transparent concrete. In Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems 2009 (Vol. 7293, p. 72930F). International Society for Optics and Photonics.

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Research Paper

A Graphical Approach to Locating the Control Point of Shear and Flexure over the Span of the Post-Tensioned Beam: Statistical Curve Fitting on the Functions of the Shear Span

S. Kumar* , S. Rajendra**

* Assistant Professor, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

** Principal and Professor, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Kumar, S., & Rajendra, S. (2019). A Graphical Approach to Locating the Control Point of Shear and Flexure over the Span of the Post-Tensioned Beam: Statistical Curve Fitting on the Functions of the Shear Span, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.14920

Abstract

An approach is made to compare the basic properties of the two curves plotted on experimental shear strength and geometrical proportion of effective span respectively, over the function of shear span. The illustration is made on the controlling or influencing points of shear and flexure over the span of the beam. Shear stress is the function of the shear span, which decreases with an increase in shear span. The graph plotted on maximum shear stresses (τ_vu) versus shear span to depth ratios (a/D) is compared with the graph plotted on ratios of mid-span to shear span (l_e/2a) versus shear span to depth ratios (a/D). The dominant positions of shear and flexure are marked by intercepting the tangents on curve [(l_e/2a) versus (a/D)] at specified points. The influencing position of shear and flexure are compared by a position of cracks and mode of failure of the beam subjected to two points loading with respective (a/D) ratio.

References

[1]. Ahmad, S. H., Khaloo, A. R., & Poveda, A. (1986, March). Shear capacity of reinforced high-strength concrete beams. In Journal Proceedings, 83(2), 297-305.

[2]. ASCE-AC1 Committee 426. (1973). Shear strength of reinforced concrete members. ASCE Proceedings, 99(6), 1091-1188.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2012). Indian standard code of practice for Prestressed concrete (IS 1343: 2012). New Delhi, India.

[4]. Collins, M. P., Mitchell, D., Adebar, P., & Vecchio, F. J. (1996). A general shear design method. ACI Structural Journal, 93(1), 36-45.

[5]. Hegger, J., & Bertram, G. (2008). Shear carrying capacity of ultra-high performance concrete beams. In Proceedings, International fib Symposium, Amsterdam, Netherlands (p. 96).

[6]. Kani, G. N. J. (1966). Basic facts concerning shear failure. In Journal Proceedings, 63(6), 675-692.

[7]. Kani, M. W., Huggins, M. W., & Wittkopp, R. R. (1979). Kani on Shear in Reinforced Concrete. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

[8]. Khuntia, M., & Stojadinovic, B. (2001). Shear strength of reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement. Structural Journal, 98(5), 648-656.

[9]. Kotsovos, M. D. (1983). Mechanisms of 'shear' failure. Magazine of Concrete Research, 35(123), 99-106.

[10]. Lin, T. Y., & Burns, A. P. (2004). Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures, 3^rd Edition. Wiley & Sons.

[11]. MacGregor, J. G., & Wight, J. K. (1960). R Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and Design, 6^th Edition, Pearson Publications, Delhi.

[12]. Ruiz, M. F., & Muttoni, A. (2008). Shear strength of thinwebbed post-tensioned beams. ACI Structural Journal, 105, 308-317.

[13]. Shioya, T. (1989). Shear properties of large reinforced concrete member. Special Report/Inst. of Technology.

[14]. Vecchio, F. J., & Collins, M. P. (1986). The modified compression-field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear. ACI Journal, 83(2), 219-231.

[15]. Walther, R. E. (1957). Shear strength of prestressed concrete beams (Progress Report No. 17A). World Conference on Prestressed Concrete, Reprint No. 129 (58-5).

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Research Paper

The Effective Cross Frame Geometry and Spacing for Economy in Curved Steel-I-Girder Bridge

Kirankumar Topalakatti* , Santosh M. Muranal**

* Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College (Autonomous), Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Topalakatti, K., & Muranal, S. M. (2019). The Effective Cross Frame Geometry and Spacing for Economy in Curved Steel-I-Girder Bridge, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.14944

Abstract

The construction of curved composite bridges is common these days in congested city areas, and the additional shear, bending and torsional stress developed due to horizontal curvature are of concern during their design. The cross frames in steel bridge are the secondary load carrying members, which provides the stiffness to the girder and resist the effect of bending and torsion. The selection of cross frame geometry and their spacing is important during bridge design. Presently V shaped cross frames are generally used to connect steel I girders in bridges, but with modification of geometry/shape can result in economic design. Hence, the effects of modified cross frame geometry and their spacing on the performance of curved steel-I-girders bridge is presented here. The modified V types of cross frames are designed and modelled using three-dimensional finite-element method. The structural response is evaluated for combination of vehicular loads of IRC Class A and Class 70R vehicles. The selection of geometry considering proper distribution of stress results in the reduction of cross sections and increase in spacing of cross frames and thus the economical design.

References

[1]. Amani, M., & Alinia, M. M. (2016). The flexural behavior of horizontally curved steel I-girder bridge systems and single-girders. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 118, 145-155.

[2]. Battistini, A. D., Wang, W., Helwig, T. A., Engelhardt, M. D., & Frank, K. H. (2016). Stiffness behavior of cross frames in steel bridge systems. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 21(6), 04016024.

[3]. Chang, C. J., & White, D. W. (2008). An assessment of modeling strategies for composite curved steel I-girder bridges. Engineering Structures, 30(11), 2991-3002.

[4]. Das, N. S., Kumar, M., & Arora, D. S. (2016). Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Part II- Loads and Stresses (IRC: 6-2016). The Indian Roads Congress.

[5]. Davidson, J. S., Ballance, S. R., & Yoo, C. H. (2000). Effects of longitudinal stiffeners on curved I-girder webs. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 5(2), 171-178.

[6]. Dong, J., & Sause, R. (2010). Finite element analysis of curved steel girders with tubular flanges. Engineering Structures, 32(1), 319-327.

[7]. Khalafalla, I. E., & Sennah, K. (2014). Curvature limitations for slab-on-I-girder bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 19(9), 1-14.

[8]. Maneetes, H., & Linzell, D. G. (2003). Cross-frame and lateral bracing influence on curved steel bridge free vibration response. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 59(9), 1101-1117.

[9]. Nguyen, C. T., Joo, H. S., Moon, J., & Lee, H. E. (2012). Flexural-torsional buckling strength of I-girders with discrete torsional braces under various loading conditions. Engineering Structures, 36, 337-350.

[10]. RDSO. (2003). Indian Railway Standard Code of Practice for the Design of Steel or Wrought Iron Bridges carrying Rail, Road or Pedestrian Traffic.

[11]. Sharafbayani, M., & Linzell, D. G. (2014). Optimizing horizontally cur ved, steel bridge, cross-frame arrangements to enhance construction performance. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 19(7), 04014021.

[12]. Singh, Nimaljit, Sinha, A. V., Sharma, & Arunkumar. (2010). Standard specifications and code of practice for concrete road bridges, steel road bridges (IRC: 24-2010). The Indian Roads Congress.

[13]. Sinha, A. V., Puri, S. K., & Agarwal, K. N. (2011). Standard specifications and code of practice for concrete road bridges (IRC: 112-2011). The Indian Roads Congress.

[14]. Virdi, K., & Azzi, W. (2010). Behaviour of parallel girders stabilised with U frames. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 16(2), 197-202.

[15]. Wright, K. (2012). Steel Bridge Design Handbook. Stringer Bridges and Making the Right Choices, U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, Publication No. FHWA-IF-12-052 (Vol. 6, pp. 1-26).

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

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Most Cited

Volume 7 Issue 4 December - February 2019

Ansys Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams

H. R. Manjunath* , R. Prabhakara**

*Associate Professor, R V College of Architecture, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. **Professor-Emeritus at Structural Engineering Division, Visvesvarya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Manjunath, H. R., & Prabhakara, R. (2019). Ansys Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15483

Abstract

References

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Study on Strength Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete

Kunchala Ashok* , Tangudu Manoj **

* Assistant Professor (Contract), Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Ashok, K., & Manoj, T. (2019). Study on Strength Properties of Light Weight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15473

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Experimental Study of Properties of Concrete using GGBS and M-Sand with Addition of Basalt Fibre

Pasupuleti Murali Krishna* , K. Rajasekhar**

Krishna, P. M., & Rajasekhar, K. (2019). Experimental Study of Properties of Concrete using GGBS and M-Sand with Addition of Basalt Fibre, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15441

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Different Methods for Manufacturing of Translucent Concrete and its Applications

Nadeem Gulzar Shahmir* , Manzoor Ahmad Tantary**

*Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. **Professor, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Shahmir, N. G., & Ahmad, M. (2019). Different Methods for Manufacturing of Translucent Concrete and its Applications, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15013

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A Graphical Approach to Locating the Control Point of Shear and Flexure over the Span of the Post-Tensioned Beam: Statistical Curve Fitting on the Functions of the Shear Span

S. Kumar* , S. Rajendra**

* Assistant Professor, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ** Principal and Professor, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

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The Effective Cross Frame Geometry and Spacing for Economy in Curved Steel-I-Girder Bridge

Kirankumar Topalakatti* , Santosh M. Muranal**

* Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College (Autonomous), Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. ** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Topalakatti, K., & Muranal, S. M. (2019). The Effective Cross Frame Geometry and Spacing for Economy in Curved Steel-I-Girder Bridge, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.14944

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*Associate Professor, R V College of Architecture, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

**Professor-Emeritus at Structural Engineering Division, Visvesvarya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

* Assistant Professor (Contract), Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

*Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

**Professor, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

* Assistant Professor, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

** Principal and Professor, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

* Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College (Autonomous), Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.