Experimental Study of Shear Failure of Damaged RC Beam Strengthened with GFRP
Antecedents of Variations in Construction Contracts - A Statistical Correlational Study
Dynamic Response of Footbridge Decks
Urban Green Spaces and their Role in Enhancing Quality of Life
Parametric Study on Structural Behaviour of RCC Box Culvert
Study on Strength Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete
A Step By Step Illustrative Procedure to Perform Isogeometric Analysis and Find the Nodal Displacements for a Two Dimensional Plate Structure
Lateral - Torsional Buckling of Various Steel Trusses
Comparative Study on Methodology of Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis Over DSHA and PSHA
A Step by Step Procedure to Perform Isogeometric Analysis of Beam and Bar Problems in Civil Engineering Including Sizing Optimisation of a Beam
Investigation on the Properties of Non Conventional Bricks
Analysis on Strength and Fly Ash Effect of Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement using M-Sand
Investigation on Pozzolanic Effect of Mineral Admixtures in Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement
Effect of Symmetrical Floor Plan Shapes with Re-Entrant Corners on Seismic Behavior of RC Buildings
Effect of Relative Stiffness of Beam and Column on the Shear Lag Phenomenon in Tubular Buildings
This paper has been deleted due to the questionable authenticity of the original authors of this paper.
In the field of Geotechnical Engineering, elastic properties of soil and soil-lime mixtures are generally analysed with optimum moisture content. But, during compaction with the increase in water content from the dry side of optimum to the wet side of optimum, the structure of clay particles changes from a flocculated to disperse structure. Therefore, in this paper an attempt was made to study the effect of moulded water content on black cotton soil and lime treated black cotton soil at a dry side of optimum, near and wet side of optimum to investigate the elastic properties (i.e. Poisson's ratio and modulus of elasticity). The different percentages of lime used during the experimental work are 3%, 6% and 9%. Image analysis technique was used for measuring the change in lateral dimensions of the soil specimens during the process of uniaxial static loading produced by Unconfined Compression (UCC) testing machine. Then the obtained results have been used for computing Poisson's ratio. The results showed that with the decrease in moulded water content from wet to dry side of optimum, the modulus of elasticity of black cotton soil increases. But in the case of lime treated black cotton soil, with the increase in lime content and curing time, the moulded water content at the wet side of optimum gives higher modulus of elasticity compared to that of dry side of optimum.
When Civil engineers are encountered with clayey soils and if construction on such soils is inevitable, replacement may not be an economic solution. Stabilizing it with an additive such as fly ash is a renowned technique. The present study deals with stabilization of clayey soil with fly ash in different proportions (i.e. 0%, 15%, 25%, and 35% fly ash by weight). Also, soil and soil - fly ash mixtures are reinforced with Geosynthetics like Geogrid and nonwoven Geotextile. Small scale direct shear test & modified direct shear tests are conducted on unreinforced (without Geosynthetic) and reinforced (with Geosynthetic) soil - fly ash mixture samples respectively and their shear strength properties are determined from their corresponding direct shear test values. In reinforced samples, the Geosynthetic is placed at the middle of the shear box having the soil (or soil – fly ash mixture) at the top and bottom of the shear box and modified direct shear test is conducted. Whereas, in unreinforced sample both the halves of the shear box contain only soil samples. The Unconfined compressive strength test is conducted on unreinforced soil and soil - fly ash mixtures. The soil is classified as CI according to Indian Standards. The test results indicated improvement of shear strength by the addition of fly ash for unreinforced 2 soil being 25% fly ash mix to have maximum shear strength of 0.89 kg/cm and for reinforced soil-fly ash mixtures with 2 reinforcement as Geotextile and Geogrid, 15% fly ash showed maximum shear strength of 0.61 kg/cm , and 0.76 2 kg/cm respectively.
In the present scenario, for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructures, various techniques, so called Non- Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques are being used. These techniques are employed for strength estimation and damage detection. Piezo electric materials fall into the category of 'smart' materials which can be utilized for NDE and by using “piezo” transducers, Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), the concrete strength estimation and damage detection could be performed well. This study focuses on the objective of utilizing fundamental electro-mechanical interaction between PZT and reinforced concrete specimens for impedance based health characterization of concrete. The proposed technique is based on the Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI) technique, which comprises a simplified empirical method to diagnose the specimen health by means of embedded self-sensing piezo-ceramic, impedancebased PZT transducers so-called Smart Aggregates (SAs). The proposed Smart Aggregate can perform damage detection as well as SHM. In this study, concrete specimens were prepared with PZT patches embedded into it as SAs. The terminals of these patches were then connected with a Function Generator (FG) to generate transmission waves and the wave propagation throughout the specimen was observed using a Digital Signal Oscilloscope (DSO). Experimental investigations over the concrete specimen have shown the effectiveness the proposed technique and verified the functionality of smart aggregates that they are very sensitive to perform damage detection as well as health monitoring. The proposed smart aggregate has the potential to be applied for multi-functional evaluation of concrete structures from their early age and throughout their lifetime.
Permeability of soils/geomaterial is of great interest for any civil or geological engineering projects such as, building construction, foundation of earthen dams, sub-base of pavement design and also in studying land subsidence, etc. In general, fluid flow rate/discharge through soil mass changes with time and becomes constant after achieving steady state condition and is determined using the discharge data corresponding to such condition. This research intention is to quantify the variation in the fluid flow behaviour of granular soil with time under a constant confining stress and a flow pressure condition on different identical samples collected from Narsapur village, Medak district, Telangana, India. Also, authors has defined a critical range of time period beyond which the flow through granular soil attains a steady state condition. The fluid flow experiment was performed on a cylindrical soil sample (38 mm diameter, and 76 mm length) employing flexible wall permeameter. The obtained result indicates that the discharge through a granular soil sample decreases with time initially (upto 900 s) and then attains a steady state condition with prolonged time (≤2700 s). Further, it was observed that the critical point (≈1200 s), beyond which the fluid flow becomes almost constant in all the identical samples of granular soil. The obtained results are quite promising and can be utilized by the engineers and research fraternity to further improve the models (theoretical as well as numerical) pertaining to the fluid flow through the granular soil.
Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSW) can be used as an effective lateral load resisting system, both in new constructions as well as for retrofitting purpose in highly seismic zones. Many of the experimental and numerical investigations on SPSWs have supported the logic of using the post buckling strength with formation of tension fields, good ductility, and high energy dissipating capability when subjected to cyclic loading. In the present paper, Ritz modal analysis and linear dynamic analysis were performed using El Centro, Cape Mendocino & Northridge Earthquakes Ground motion data as inputs to FE Models of a series of perforated single-storey, double-storey & four-storey SPSW system with variation in perforation diameter and perforation patterns with two different types of stiffening conditions, i.e. highly stiffened and lightly stiffened at the floor beam levels. The seismic responses such as lateral stiffness, roof displacement, and base shear were compared and presented. It was observed that, with the increase in perforation diameters and number of perforations, the lateral stiffness of the SPSW system tend to be decreasing and the roof displacement increases for all the three ground motion data and in almost all the models. In the present cases, SAP2000 has been used as a modelling and analysis tool.
