i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 2 June - August 2014

Research Paper

Experimental Study on the Properties of Chemical Commixtured Concrete

M. Adil Dar* , Madan Chandra Maurya, Saqib Fayaz*

, Research Scholar, Department of Structural Engineering, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India.

Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, ShriRamswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, U.P, India.

Dar, A., Maurya, M.C., and Fayaz, S. (2014). Experimental Study on the Properties of Chemical Commixtured Concrete.i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3015

Abstract

Concrete is the most widely used construction material. It is the second largest consumed material in the world after water. It is used in different ways in the construction industry. It can take any shape it is placed in. This makes concrete a versatile construction material. However during cold weather, if the water in the fresh concrete is allowed to freeze, the concrete will be damaged to such an extent that it is unfit for use. Even if the temperature does not drop below zero, the concrete will not gain strength as quickly as it would during the warmer months. Hence for cold weather concreting we must use an accelerator admixture to speed up the hardening of concrete. An experimental program was undertaken to determine the effect of accelerator admixture on the strength of concrete casted below zero degrees Celsius. Tests on both fresh and hardened concrete were carried out to determine their respective strengths. Different specimens with varying percentage of accelerator admixture and sizes were casted and tested after 7 days and 28 days

References

[1]. Mario C, Enco (2005). Chemical Admixtures Today, Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Concrete Technology for Sustainable Development with Emphasis on Infrastructure, Hyderabad, India, pp. 527-541.

[2]. M.A. Bhavikatti, V.V. Karjinni (2012). “Interaction of Non- Chloride Hardening Accelerator with Type of Cement and Method of Curing in the Strength Development of Pavement Concrete”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.2, Issue.3, pp-1244-1252.

[3]. M.A. Bhavikatti, V.V. Karjinni (2012). “Combined effect of hardening accelerator and method of curing in the strength development of pavement concrete”, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol. 2, No 4, pp-1060-1069

[4]. Al-Gahtani, A.S., (2010). “Effect of curing methods on the properties of plain and blended cement concretes”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.24(3), pp 308-314.

[5]. Neville, A.M., (1992). “Properties of concrete”, Longman Scientific and Technical, 3rd edition, USA.

[6]. Topcu, I.B., Toprak, M.U., (2005). “Fine aggregate and curing temperature effect on concrete maturity”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 35(4), pp 758-762.

[7]. Buch, N., Van Dam, T.J., Peterson, K., Sutter, L., (2008). “Evaluation of high-early strength PCC mixtures used in full depth repairs”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.22(3), pp 162-174.

[8]. Cheung, J. Jeknavorian, A., Roberts, L., Silva, D., (2011). “Impact of admixtures on the hydration kinetics of Portland cement”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.41(12), pp1289-1309.

[9]. IS 516: (1959). “Indian Standards Method of test for strength of concrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[10]. IS 383: (1970). “Indian Standards Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[11]. IS 10262: (2009). “Indian Standards guidelines for concrete mix design”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

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Research Paper

Effects of Strength of Confining Material on Strength and Deformation of Stone Column

S.P. Singh* , Chamling**

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

Singh and Chamling (2014). Effects of Strength of Confining Material on Strength and Deformation of Stone Column. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3016

Abstract

Among the various ground improvement techniques, stone columns (SCs) are widely used for supporting flexible and light weight structures. Stone column derives its load carrying capacity from the confinement offered by the surrounding soil. Stone column fails due to bulging and its load carrying capacity can be increased by preventing lateral bulging. A detailed finite-element analysis on the behaviour of single stone column of 50 mm diameter is studied by varying parameters like loading area and shear strength of soft clay surrounding it. Finite-element analyses have been performed using 15-noded triangular elements with the software package PLAXIS. The effects of loading area and strength of confinement material on bulging response have been investigated in this study. The results indicated that the diameter of bulging decreased with increase in the loading area up to 3 times the diameter of the column, beyond which no substantial change in bulging diameter is noticed. Further, an increase in the strength of surrounding material results in a decrease in bulging shape and the position of the maximum bulging is shifted downwards.

References

[1]. Aboshi, H., Ichimoto, E., Harada, K., and Emoki, M. (1979). The composer-A method to improve the characteristics of soft clays by inclusion of large diameter sand columns. Proc., Int. Conf. on Soil Reinforcement., E.N.P.C., 1, Paris, pp.211–216.

[2]. Ambily, A. P. and Gandhi, S. R.(2007). Behaviour of stone columns based on experimental and FEM analysis, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE/, Vol.133, No.4, pp.405-415.

[3]. Babu, M., Nayak, S. R., Shivashankar, R. (2013). A critical review of construction, analysis and behaviour of stone columns, Journal of Geotech Geol Eng, Vol.31, No.11, pp.1–22.

[4]. Bae, W., Shin B., An., B., (2002). Behaviour of foundation system improved with stone columns, pp.675 - 678

[5]. Hughes, J. M. O., and Withers, N. J. (1974). Reinforcing of soft cohesive soils with stone columns. Ground Eng., Vol.7, No.3,pp. 42–49.

[6]. Hughes, J. M. O., Withers, N. J., and Greenwood, D. A. (1976). A field trial of reinforcing effect of stone column in soil. Proc., Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, Vol.25, No.1, pp.31–44.

[7]. IS: 15284-2003 Indian standard code of practice for design and construction for ground improvementguidelines. Part 1: Stone columns, India.

[8]. Madhav, M. R., and Vitkar, P. P. (1978). Strip footing on weak clay stabilized with a granular trench or pile. Can. Geotech. J., Vol.15, No.4, pp.605–609.

[9]. Murugesan S, Rajagopal K (2010). Studies on the behaviour of single and group of geosynthetic encased stone columns. ASCE, J Geotech Geoenviron Eng., Vol. 136, No.1, pp.129–139.

[10]. Mitchell, J. K., and Huber, T. R. (1985). Performance of a stone column foundation. J. Geotech. Engg., Vol.111, No.2, pp.205–223.

[11]. Saha, S., Santhanu, S., and Roy, A. (2000). Analysis of stone column in soft ground. Proc., Indian Geotech. Conf., Bombay, India, pp.297–300.

[12]. Sharma, R. S. and Phanikumar, B. R. (2005). Laboratory study of heave behaviour of expansive clay reinforced with geopiles, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., Vol. 131, No.4, pp.512-520.

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Research Paper

Design of a Flexible Bridge Across the Railway Platform

Prasanthi* , Kishore Kumar**

* Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Prasanthi and Kumar, K. (2014). Design of a Flexible Bridge Across the Railway Platform. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3017

Abstract

The problem to transfer handicapped or old people is as old as the transportation system itself. Earlier and even now, they are transferred by many methods like Foot-over bridges and escalators. But all these methods are time consuming and slow. These methods are good in general use, but on platforms these cannot be used, as these methods will complicate the transportation and will disrupt the free movement of the people on platforms. So, here our aim is to design a system or device which will be able to transfer the handicapped people from one platform to another, within the given constraints and should also comply with the societies’ exiting conditions. In order to reduce these difficulties, the concept of flexible bridge across the railway platform is proposed. The main aim of the present work is to provide the flexible bridge for the railway platforms in order to overcome these difficulties in the usage of foot-over bridges in railway stations. In this project, it is proposed to design a flexible bridge between the platforms across the railway track which works by the functioning of sensors, micro-controller and DC motor.

References

[1]. History of Indian Railways is available at http://www. indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/st at_econ/IRSB_2012-13/PDF/Statistical_Summar y/ Summary%20Sheet_Eng.pdf

[2]. Wallner M, Pircher M. (2007). “Kinematics of movable bridges”. J Bridge Eng;12(2):147–53.

[3] Koglin TL. (2003). “Movable bridge engineering. Hoboken”, NJ: John Wily & Sons, Inc.

[4]. S.K. Sahoo, Manu Kanchan, Ankur Bansal (2007). Conceptual Design to transfer Handicapped and Old People from One Railway Platform to Another. NIT Rourkela Department of Mechanical Engineering, available at http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4228/1/Conceptual_Design_to_tr ansfer_Handicapped_and_Old_People_from_One_Railw ay_Platform_to_Another__27.pdf

[5]. Kenneth J. Ayala (1991). The 8051 Micro controller Architecture, Programming & Applications. ISBN 0314772782.

[6]. Muhammad Ali Mazidi The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Prentice Hall, New Jersey Columbus.

[7]. Malkapuram.R, Kumar.V and Yuvraj.S N,(2008). “Recent Development in Natural Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 28, pp. 1169-1189.

[8]. Groover, M P, (2004). “Fundamental of Modern Manufacturing”, 2nd, ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ.

[9]. Krishna K Chawala, (1997). ”Composite material nd Science and Engineering”., 2 Edition, Printed by Springer publications.

[10]. Di Bella, G.; Fiore, V.; Valenza, A. (2010). Effect of areal weight and chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of bidirectional flax fabrics reinforced composites. Journal of Science direct, Vol. 31, Issue 9, pp. 4098-4103

[11]. NabiSaheb, D. and Jog, J P, (1999). “Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A Review”, Advanced in Polymer Technology, Vol. 18, pp.351-363

[12]. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F., and Calvi, G.M. (1996). "Design and Retrofit of Bridges", John Wiley & Sons, 686 pp.

[13]. F.L. Mathews and R.D. Rawlings, (1999). ”Composite materials: Engineering and Science“. Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, printed by CRC press, ISBN-13: 978-1855734739.

[14]. Richard Brooks Adler (1964). Introduction to Semiconductor Physics. (Semiconductor Electronics Education Committee Books). Volume 1, John Wiley & Sons,Inc., New York.

[15]. P. K. Mallick and S. Newman, (1990). Composite materials Technology: Processes and properties, ISBN 3- 446-15684-4.

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Research Paper

Studies on the Leachate Characteristics of Compacted Fly Ash Bed Treated with Lime Column

S.P. Singh* , S. Sangita**

*Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India

** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

Singh, S.P., and Sangita, S. (2014). Studies on the Leachate Characteristics of Compacted Fly Ash Bed Treated with Lime Column. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3018

Abstract

This paper delineates the effect of lime column on the leachate characteristics of compacted fly ash bed. In the present experimental investigation, large scale laboratory model of compacted fly ash bed was prepared by adopting maximum dry density and optimum moisture content condition and a lime column was installed at the center in order to facilitate in-situ stabilization of fly ash. The samples were collected from different radial distances as well as depths after 7, 30, 90 and 180 days of curing periods and subjected to different tests such as pH, leachate analysis and hydraulic conductivity. From the test results, it was observed that lime column treatment is an effective means of reducing the permeability and concentration of metals in the leachate emanating from compacted fly ash bed.

References

[1]. Behera, B., and Mishra, M. K. (2012). “Microstructure and Leaching Characteristics of Fly Ash - Mine Overburden - Lime Mixtures.” International Conference on Chemical, Civil and Environment Engineering (ICCEE'2012).

[2]. Chand, S. K. and Subbarao, C. (2007). “In-Place Stabilization of Pond Ash Deposits by Hydrated Lime Columns” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 133, No. 12, December 1, ASCE, ISSN 1090-0241/2007/12-1609–1616.

[3]. Ghosh, A., and Subbarao, C. (1998). “Hydraulic conductivity and leachate characteristics of stabilized fly ash.” J. Environ. Eng., Vol.124, No.9, pp.812–820.

[4]. Ghosh, A., and Subbarao, C. (2001). “Microstructural development in fly ash modified with lime and gypsum.”, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2001.13:65–70.

[5]. Ghosh, A., and Subbarao, C. (2006). “Leaching of Lime from Fly Ash Stabilized with Lime and Gypsum.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2006.18:106 – 115.

[6]. Guleria, S. P., and Dutta, R. K. (2013). “Durability and Leachate Analysis of Fly Ash - Lime – Gypsum Composition Mixe d With Treated Tire Chips. ” , Journal of GeoEngineering., Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 33 – 40, August 2013.

[7]. Kishan, D., Dindorkar, N. and Shrivastava, R., (2012). “Characteristics of Low Lime Fly Ash Stabilized with Lime and Gypsum,” International Conference on Future Environment and Energy, IPCBEE Vol. 28 (2012), IACSIT press, Singapore.

[8]. Sengupta, S. and Miller, H. J. (1999). “Preliminary investigation of tire shreds for use in residential subsurface leaching field systems.” Chelsea Center for Recycling and Economic Development, Technical Report #12, University of Massachusetts.

[9]. Sridevi, G, Rao, A. Sreerama and Prasad, S. S. Vara, (2010). “Leaching Studies of Lime-Stabilized Fly Ash Mixes.” Indian Geotechnical Conference .

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Case Study

Case Studies on Failure of Retaining Walls

Prasad* , Jagadeesh, Yadunandan*

* Professor, Deportment of Civil Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India.

** Professor, Department of Construction Technology and Management, Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India.

Prasad, Jagadeesh and Yadunandan (2014). Case Studies on Failure of Retaining Walls. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3019

Abstract

Retaining walls are important geotechnical structures used to retain earth at two different elevations on either side of the wall. With the explosion of population in urban areas and lack of available space, retaining walls will be an automatic choice especially in hilly terrain. There have been reports of retaining wall failure either under extraordinary loading conditions or due to poor design and construction. This paper attempts to highlight the effects of poor design and construction quality on the performance of existing retaining walls. Two case studies are discussed for the purpose. The first one is the failure of retaining wall at JSS residential school in Ooty. Possible slope failure due to lack of drainage and loss of vegetation in addition to possible wrong assessment of earth pressure on retaining wall resulted in its failure. The second one is the failure of retaining wall at Police Station in Chamarajanagara due to poor construction and lack of drainage to backfill soil. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the actual failure studies of geotechnical structures with reasons for such failure.

References

[1]. Abdullahi, M. M. (2009). 'Evaluation of Causes of Retaining Wall Failure', Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices & Technologies, Issue 14, pp.11-18.

[2].Binici, H., Temiz, H., Kayadelen, C., Kaplan, H. and Durgun, M. (2010). 'Retaining Wall Failure due to Poor Construction and Design Aspects: A Case Study', Electronic Journal of Construction Technologies, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp.46- 61.

[3]. Budget (2014). 'FM proposes separate infrastructure for th agriculture consumers for 24x7 power supply', 10 July 2014, PTI, The Economic Times, India.

[4]. Day R W (1997). 'Design and Construction of Cantilevered Retaining Walls', Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, Vol 2, No. 1, ASCE, ISSN 1084-0680/97/0001-0016-0021 Paper No. 13289.

[5]. Koseki, J. and Hayano, K. (2000). 'Preliminary report on Damage to Retaining Walls caused by the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake', Bulletin of Earthquake, Research Center for Earthquake Resistant Structure, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Japan, www.ers.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp, No. 33, Paper # 3, 23-34.

[6]. Olson R E (1993). 'Failure of a Twenty – Foot High Retaining Wall', Proceedings: Third International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, June 1-4, Paper No. 5.31.

[7]. Prasad. S. K. (2010). 'The geotechnical reconnaissance survey of retaining wall failure suffered at JSS Public School in Ooty', Unpublished Soil report, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India.

[8]. Prasad, S. K., Jagadeesh, N. M. and Yadunandan, C. N. (2012). 'The investigation of distress in Police Station building and retaining wall at Chamarajanagar', Unpublished Soil report, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India.

[9]. Prasad, S. K. and Jagadeesh, N. M. (2014). 'Slope failures due to human disturbance leading to malfunctioning of infrastructure: Who is responsible?', Forensic Geotechnical Engineering workshop, October 2014, Ludhiana, India.

[10]. SP: 36 (1997). Compendium of Indian Standards on Soil Engineering, Part-1, Laboratory Testing of Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[11]. Varghese, P. C. (2005). Foundation Engineering, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., ISBN 8120326520, 9788120326521, New Delhi, India.

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 2 June - August 2014

Experimental Study on the Properties of Chemical Commixtured Concrete

M. Adil Dar* , Madan Chandra Maurya**, Saqib Fayaz***

*,*** Research Scholar, Department of Structural Engineering, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India. ** Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, ShriRamswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, U.P, India.

Dar, A., Maurya, M.C., and Fayaz, S. (2014). Experimental Study on the Properties of Chemical Commixtured Concrete.i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3015

Abstract

References

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Effects of Strength of Confining Material on Strength and Deformation of Stone Column

S.P. Singh* , Chamling**

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India. ** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

Singh and Chamling (2014). Effects of Strength of Confining Material on Strength and Deformation of Stone Column. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3016

Abstract

References

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Design of a Flexible Bridge Across the Railway Platform

Prasanthi* , Kishore Kumar**

* Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Prasanthi and Kumar, K. (2014). Design of a Flexible Bridge Across the Railway Platform. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3017

Abstract

References

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Studies on the Leachate Characteristics of Compacted Fly Ash Bed Treated with Lime Column

S.P. Singh* , S. Sangita**

*Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India ** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

Singh, S.P., and Sangita, S. (2014). Studies on the Leachate Characteristics of Compacted Fly Ash Bed Treated with Lime Column. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3018

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Case Studies on Failure of Retaining Walls

Prasad* , Jagadeesh**, Yadunandan***

* Professor, Deportment of Civil Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India. ** Professor, Department of Construction Technology and Management, Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India.

Prasad, Jagadeesh and Yadunandan (2014). Case Studies on Failure of Retaining Walls. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 3(2), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.3.2.3019

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

M. Adil Dar* , Madan Chandra Maurya, Saqib Fayaz*

, Research Scholar, Department of Structural Engineering, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India.

Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, ShriRamswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, U.P, India.

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

* Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

*Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India

** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

Prasad* , Jagadeesh, Yadunandan*

* Professor, Deportment of Civil Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India.

** Professor, Department of Construction Technology and Management, Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India.