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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 1 March - May 2013

Article

Mechanics of reinforced flyash slopes: a qualitative review

Harvinder Singh*

*Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India.

Singh, H. (2013). Mechanics of reinforced flyash slopes: a qualitative review. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2263

Abstract

Flyash-a waste by product-is proving a versatile material for the geotechnical use despite its low shearing strength. Past research has demonstrated its potential use in construction of embankments/slopes, filling of low land area etc. It is, now, a well documented fact that use of reinforcing element(s) in flyash slopes and other applications proves beneficial in enhancing its load carrying capacity. In this article, it has been tried to present the mechanics behind this phenomenon and a set of forces working, silently, inside the reinforced flyash/soil mass/slopes that become responsible for strength enhancement of the system. It will help readers to visualise reinforced-flyash system in term of forces and develop simplified analytical expressions governing the behaviour of reinforced slopes.

References

[1]. Abdi, M.R. and Arjomand, M.A., (2011). Pullout tests conducted on clay reinforced with geogrid encapsulated in thin layers of sand. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 29: 588-595.

[2]. Alamshahi, S., and Nader, H. (2009). Bearing capacity of strip footings on sand slopes reinforced with geogrid and grid-anchor. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 27: 217–226.

[3]. Chungsik, Y., (2001). Laboratory investigation of bearing capacity behavior of strip footing on geogrid-reinforced sand slope. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 19: 279–298.

[4]. Choudhary, A. K. & Verma, B. P. (2001). Behavior of footing on reinforced sloped fill. Proceedings of an International Conference on Landmarks in Earth Reinforcement, Fukuoka, Kyushu Japan, Nov., 2001, pp. 535–539.

[5]. Choudhary, A. K., Jha, J. N. and Gill, K. S., (2010). Laboratory investigation of bearing capacity behavior of strip footing on reinforced fly ash slope. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 28, No. 4, 393–402.

[6]. Das, B. M., Shin, E. C. and Omar, M. T. (1994). The bearing capacity of surface strip foundation on geogrid reinforced sand and clay – a comparative study. Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 12, No. 1, 1–14.

[7]. D. Leshchinsky, H. Ling and G. Hanks, (1995), Unified Design Approach to Geosynthetic Reinforced Slopes and Segmental Walls, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 845-881.

[8]. Ghosh, A. and Dey, U. (2009). Bearing ratio of reinforced fly ash overlying soft soil and deformation modulus of fly ash. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 27: 313–320.

[9]. Gill, K. S., Choudhary, A. K., Jha, J. N. & Shukla, S. K. (2013). Experimental and numerical studies of loaded strip footing resting on reinforced fly ash slope. Geosynthetics International, 20, No. 1, 13–25.

[10]. Hatami, K. & Bathurst, R. J. (2005). Development and verification of a numerical model for the analysis of geosynthetic reinforced soil segmental walls under working stress condition. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42, No. 4, 1066–1085.

[11]. Huang, C., Tatsuoka, F. & Sato, Y. (1994). Failure mechanism of reinforced sand slopes loaded with footing. Soil and Foundation, 24, No. 2, 27–40.

[12]. Kentaro, Y. and Koji, K. (2001). Failure mechanisms and bearing capacities of reinforced foundations. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 19: 127-162.

[13]. Michalowski, R. L., (1997). Stability of uniformly reinforced slopes. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123 (6): 546-556.

[14]. Mittal, S., Shah, M. Y. & Verma, N. K. (2009). Experimental study of footing on reinforced earth slope. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 3, No. 2, 251–260.

[15]. Sawwaf, E. M. and Nazir, A. K. (2010). Behavior of repeatedly loaded rectangular footings resting on reinforced sand. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 49: 349-356.

[16]. Shukla, S. K., Sivakugan, N. & Das, B. M. (2011). A state of the art review of geosynthetic reinforced slopes. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 5, No. 1, 17–32.

[17]. Sobotka, Z., (1961). The slip lines and surfaces in the theory of plasticity and soil mechanics. Applied Mechanics Review, 14 (10): 753-759.

[18]. Spencer, E, (1964). Circular and logarithmic spiral slip surfaces. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, 95 (Sm1): 227-234.

[19]. Suksun, H and Anek, N, (2010). “Bearing resistance of bearing reinforcement embedded in sand”. Soils and Foundations, 50 (2): 215-226.

[20]. Taylor, D.W., (1948). “Fundamental of Soil Mechanics”. Wiley, New York.

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Research Paper

Reliable Seismic Structural Analysis using Interval Ground Motion

Mehdi Modares* , Adam Venezia**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.

** Former Graduate Student, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.

Modares, M., and Venezia, A. (2013). Reliable Seismic Structural Analysis using Interval Ground Motion. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2264

Abstract

Abstract: Seismic analysis is an essential procedure to design a structure subjected to ground motion. However, throughout conventional seismic analysis, the structure is subjected to a limited number of recorded earthquake excitations. Moreover, the presence of variations and uncertainties in the recorded excitations within a single, and among different earthquakes is not considered in current seismic analysis procedures. One methods of quantifying the impreciseness and uncertainty is the interval or unknown-but-bounded representation. In this work, a new computationally feasible method for seismic structural analysis with interval uncertainty in the response spectrum is developed, which is capable of obtaining the bounds on the structure’s dynamic response. Using this method, first, the response spectra from various recorded earthquakes are combined in order to construct an interval function referred to as an interval response spectrum. Then, the response spectrum analysis is performed using the developed interval response spectrum, and the bounds of the dynamic response of the structure are obtained. This computationally feasible method shows that calculating the bounds on the dynamic response does not require an iterative procedure such as Monte-Carlo simulation. Numerical example problems, which illustrate the developed algorithm, are presented, along with a comparison of solutions obtained by Monte-Carlo simulation.

References

[1]. Alefeld, G., & Herzberger, J. 1983 “Introduction to Linear Computation ” , NewYork: Academic Press.

[2]. Anderson, A.W., et al 1952 “Lateral Forces on Earthquake and Wind”, Trans. ASCE, Vol. 117, p. 716.

[3]. Archimedes (287-212 B.C.); by Heath, T.L., 1897 “The Works of Archimedes”, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

[4]. Biggs, J. M.,1964 “Introduction to Structural Dynamics” McGraw-Hill, Inc.

[5]. Biot, M. A., 1932 “Vibrations of Buildings during Earthquake”, Chapter II in Ph.D. Thesis No. 259 entitled “Transient Oscillations in Elastic System”, Aeronautics Department, Calif. Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, California, U.S.A.

[6]. Clough, R.W., & Penzien, J. 1993 “Dynamics of Structures”, McGraw-Hill, New York.

[7]. Dief, A., 1991 “Advanced Matrix theory for Scientists and Engineers”,pp.262-281. Abacus Press (1991)

[8]. Housner, G. W., 1959 “Behavior of Structures During Earthquake” Proc. ASCE Vol. 85, No. EM 4 p. 109.

[9]. Hudson, D. E., 1956 “Response Spectrum Techniques in Engineering Seismology” Proc. World Conf. on Earthquake Eng. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Berkeley, California.

[10]. Moore, Ramon E., 1966 “Interval Analysis”, Prentice Hall, Englewood, NJ.

[11]. Modares, M., Mullen, R. L. and Muhanna R. L., 2006, “Frequency Analysis of Structures with Bounded Uncertainty”, ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics- Vol. 132, Issue 12, pp. 1363-1371.

[12]. Newmark, N. M., 1959 “A Method of Computation for Structural Dynamics”, ASCE Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, Volume: 85, Issue: 7, Pages: 67-94

[13]. Muhanna, Rafi L. & Mullen, Robert L., 2001. “Uncertainty in Mechanics Problems-Interval-Based Approach”. Journal of Engineering Mechanics June-2001, pp.557-566.

[14]. Neumaier, Arnold, 1990 “Interval Methods for Systems of Equations”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

[15]. Rosenblueth, E. & Bustamente, J. I., 1962 “Distribution of Structural Response to Earthquakes”, Proc. ASCE, Vol. 88, No. EM 3 p. 75.

[16]. Young, R. C., 1931 “The Algebra of Many-Valued Quantities” Mathematics Annalen 104, 260-290.

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Research Paper

Experimental and Analytical Comparison of RC Beam Strengthened with GFRP Strip

H.S. Jadhav* , Sachin Matade**

* Associate Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India.

** Senior Engineer, K. S. B.Tech., Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Jadhav, H.S., and Matade, S. (2013). Experimental and Analytical Comparison of RC Beam Strengthened with GFRP Strip. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2265

Abstract

This study presents experimental performance and modes of failure of reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened with externally (bottom side) bonded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) strip. Experimental results compared with presenting finite element modeling of R C beam using ANSYS software. The finite elements model uses a discrete approach to reinforced concrete and three dimensional layered elements to model the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The comparison is made for load deflection curve at midspan and mode of failure. The result obtained from finite element analysis was calculated at same location as the experimental test of the beams and accuracy of was compared. The load–deflection curve from finite element analysis is good agreement with the experimental results

References

[1]. Amer M. Ibrahim, and Mohammed Sh. Mahmood., (2009), “Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with FRP Laminates”, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.30 (4), pp.526-541

[2]. Antonio F. Barbosa, and Gabriel O. Ribeiro., (1998), “Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using ANSYS Nonlinear Concrete Model”, Computational Mechanics. pp 1-7

[3]. ANSYS, User's Manual Version

[4]. ACI Committee 440-02R (2002), “Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures”, ACI 440.2R-02

[5]. Hussien Abdel Baky., Usama A Ebead., and Enneth W Neale., (2007), “Flexural and Interfacial Behavior of FRP- Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams”, Journal of Composites for Construction, Nov-Dec, pp 629-639

[6]. R. Santhakumar, E. Chandrasekaran and R. Dhanaraj (2004), “Analysis of Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Shear Beams using Carbon Fiber Composites”, Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 4, pp 66-74

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Research Paper

Study of Engineering Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Concrete

P K Gupta* , Ritesh Bhatia**

* Deportment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.

** Structural Engineer, Aurora, Illinois.

Gupta, P.K., and Bhatia, R. (2013). Study of Engineering Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2266

Abstract

A series of experiments were conducted on two grades of concrete namely M25 and M40 with three nominal replacement ratios of 0%, 25% and 50% using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). The RCA concrete was obtained using a new mix design in which the residual mortar content of the recycled aggregates was considered as a part of sand in the new concrete. For the six mixes, tests were conducted to determine the engineering properties of the RCA concrete and the results were compared to that of the natural aggregate concrete. A total of 72 specimens were cast and tested. The tests conducted included Slump, Non-destructive testing, Compressive strength, Splitting tensile strength and Elastic modulus. Based on the investigations it was found out that the proposed method gave comparable results to that of the concrete made of natural aggregates. Compressive strength, UPV, Rebound Hammer and Elastic modulus values were established to be more than that of the natural aggregate concrete while Slump and Splitting tensile strength were lesser

References

[1]. Fathifaz, G., Abbas, A., Razaqpur, A., Isgor, O., Fournier, B., & Foo, S. (2009). New mixture proportioning method for concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate. Journal of Material in Civil Engineering (ASCE), 21 (10), 601-611

[2]. Hanson, T. C. (1986). Recycled aggregates and recycled aggregate concrete second state-of-the art report, developments 1945-1985. Material & Structures, 19, 201-248

[3]. IS-10262:2009, Concrete mix proportioning- Guidelines. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards

[4]. IS-1199:1959, Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards

[5]. IS-13311:1992, Non-destructive testing of concrete-Methods of test. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards

[6]. S-2386:1963 (Part 1 and 3), Methods of test for aggregates for concrete. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards

[7]. IS-383:1970, Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[8]. IS-516:1959, Methods of tests for strength of concrete. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[9]. IS-5816:1999, Splitting tensile strength of concrete -method of test. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[10]. Nixon, P. J. (1978). Recycled aggregate as an aggregate for concrete- a review, First state-of-the-art report RILEM TC-37-DRC. Material and structures (RILEM) (65), 371-378.

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Research Paper

Behaviour of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Produced by Conventional Aggregates and Recycled Aggregates under Alkaline Environment - an Experimental Investigation

Prahallada M.C.* , Prakash K.B.**

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Christ University Faculty of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

** Principal, Government College of Engineering, Haveri, Karnataka, India.

Prahallada, M.C., and Prakash, K.B. (2013). Behaviour of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Produced by Conventional Aggregates and Recycled Aggregates under Alkaline Environment - an Experimental Investigation. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2267

Abstract

The addition of fibres into concrete has been found to improve several of its properties like tensile strength, cracking resistance, impact, wear and tear, ductility, fatigue resistance etc. Many types of fibres like steel fibres, carbon fibres, GI fibres, glass fibres, asbestos fibres etc. can be used in fibre reinforced concrete. Waste plastics can also be used as fibres. The disposal of waste plastic is resulting in environmental pollution. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material, and it neither decays nor degenerates in water or in soil. On the other hand it pollutes the water and soil. Plastic if burnt releases many toxic gases, which are very dangerous to health. Such plastics can be used in concrete in the form of fibres to impart some additional desirable qualities to the concrete. This paper presents the results of waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete (WPFRC) produced from recycled aggregates subjected to alkali attack. The different percentages waste plastic fibre used in the experimentation are 0%, 0.5% , 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% with an aspect ratio of 50.The results are compared with the waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete (WPFRC) produced from granite aggregates

References

[1]. Amjad Massod et al, “Variation in Strength of Concrete on Addition of Demolished Waste”, IC Journal, 1998, pp395-399

[2]. Di Niro G, E., Dolara. R. and Cairns (1998). “Recycled Aggregate Concrete (Rac) A Mix Design Procedure”.

[3]. Job Thomas and Syam Prakash. V (1999). “Strength and Behavior of Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete”, Journal of Structural Engg, Vol.26, No.3, pp187-192

[4]. Kukreja C.B (1984). “Economics and Application of FRC”, ICI.

[5]. Mandal S., and Ghosh. (2000). A “Study on the Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete”, ICI Journal, Bulletin No.68, pp 21-23.

[6]. Nabil Mustafa (1999). “Plastics Waste Management Disposal, Recycling and Reuse”, Darcel Dekker, Inc /New York. Basel. Hong Kong, 1999

[7]. Padmini A.K., Mathews M.S., and Ramamurthy R.K (2000). “Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete”, ICI Journal, pp 35-39.

[8]. Palanichamy M.S., and Shekar T (1999). “Role of Fibre Reinforced Concrete”, National Symposium of Recent Trends in Concrete Technology, Karunya Institute of Technology, Coimbatore.

[9]. Parmeswaran V.S (1987). “Fibre Reinforced Concrete-Theory, Review of Properties”, Production Methods and Applications”.

[10]. Parameshwaran.V. S., and Krishnamurthy T.S (1995). “FRC-ISI”, 1985

[11]. Rafat Siddique (1998). “Special Structural Concretes”, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 1998

[12]. Swamy R.N (1974) “FRC-Mechanics and Properties and Applications”, ICJ Journal.

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 1 March - May 2013

Mechanics of reinforced flyash slopes: a qualitative review

Harvinder Singh*

*Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India.

Singh, H. (2013). Mechanics of reinforced flyash slopes: a qualitative review. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2263

Abstract

References

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Pdf

Reliable Seismic Structural Analysis using Interval Ground Motion

Mehdi Modares* , Adam Venezia**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. ** Former Graduate Student, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.

Modares, M., and Venezia, A. (2013). Reliable Seismic Structural Analysis using Interval Ground Motion. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2264

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Experimental and Analytical Comparison of RC Beam Strengthened with GFRP Strip

H.S. Jadhav* , Sachin Matade**

* Associate Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India. ** Senior Engineer, K. S. B.Tech., Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Jadhav, H.S., and Matade, S. (2013). Experimental and Analytical Comparison of RC Beam Strengthened with GFRP Strip. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2265

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Study of Engineering Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Concrete

P K Gupta* , Ritesh Bhatia**

* Deportment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India. ** Structural Engineer, Aurora, Illinois.

Gupta, P.K., and Bhatia, R. (2013). Study of Engineering Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.1.2266

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Behaviour of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Produced by Conventional Aggregates and Recycled Aggregates under Alkaline Environment - an Experimental Investigation

Prahallada M.C.* , Prakash K.B.**

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Christ University Faculty of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ** Principal, Government College of Engineering, Haveri, Karnataka, India.

Abstract

References

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* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.

** Former Graduate Student, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.

* Associate Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India.

** Senior Engineer, K. S. B.Tech., Pune, Maharashtra, India.

* Deportment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.

** Structural Engineer, Aurora, Illinois.

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Christ University Faculty of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

** Principal, Government College of Engineering, Haveri, Karnataka, India.