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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

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Volume 12 Issue 3 October - December 2023

Research Paper

Assessment of Uncertainty of Error in Design Flood Estimates Using 2-Parameter Log Normal Distribution

Vivekanandan N.*

Hydrometeorology Division, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanandan, N. (2023). Assessment of Uncertainty of Error in Design Flood Estimates Using 2-Parameter Log Normal Distribution. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20374

Abstract

Estimation of design flood is formed as a basis for planning and management of civil engineering construction especially hydraulic structures such as water use and flood control structures. The dimensions and capacity of the buildings depend on flood magnitude for a given return period that may have some uncertainty due to model error. This can be achieved through Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) that involves fitting probability distribution to the series of Annual Maximum Discharge (AMD) data. In this paper, a study on assessment of uncertainty of error in design flood estimates was carried out by fitting Method of Moments (MoM), Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) and method of L- Moments (LMO) of 2- parameter Log Normal (LN2) distribution to the series of AMD data for river Tapi at Prakasha barrage. The selection of best fit method of LN2 was made through Goodness-of-Fit (GoF) tests viz., Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Model Performance Indicators (MPIs) such as correlation coefficient, root mean absolute error and root mean squared error. GoF tests results confirmed the suitability of all three methods of LN2 for estimation of Peak Flood Discharge (PFD). The results indicated that the predicted PFD by MLM is closer to the observed data. From FFA results, it was witnessed that the standard error on the estimated PFD by MoM is minimum than those values of MLM and LMO. The outcomes of FFA results were weighed with MPIs and found that MLM is better suited amongst three methods of LN2 for estimation of PFD at Prakasha barrage.

References

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[6]. Hasan, M. M., Croke, B. F., Liu, S., Shimizu, K., & Karim, F. (2020). Using mixed probability distribution functions for modelling non-zero sub-daily rainfall in Australia. Geosciences, 10(2),1-11.

[7]. Hosking, J. R. (1990). L-moments: Analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology, 52(1), 105-124.

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[20]. Tung, Y. K., & Wong, C. L. (2014). Assessment of design rainfall uncertainty for hydrologic engineering applications in Hong Kong. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 28(3), 583-592.

[21]. Ul Hassan, M., Hayat, O., & Noreen, Z. (2019). Selecting the best probability distribution for at-site flood frequency analysis: A study of Torne River. SN Applied Sciences, 1(12), 1629.

[22]. Vivekanandan, N. (2020). Evaluation of Estimators of Probability Distributions for Frequency Analysis of Rainfall and River Flow Data. International Journal of Scientific Research in Civil Engineering, 4(4), 67-75.

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Research Paper

The Impact of Plan Irregularity on Multistory Building Response: A Pushover Analysis

Madan Chandra Maurya*

Department of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Maurya, M. C. (2023). The Impact of Plan Irregularity on Multistory Building Response: A Pushover Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20512

Abstract

Structural irregularity often stems from a combination of plan and elevation irregularities, as perfect regularity is seldom achieved in real structures. Defining structural irregularities is challenging due to their varying nature. While scientific literature tends to separate plan and elevation irregularities, there's a need to understand the behavior of real structures that possess plan irregularities. This paper investigates the impact of plan irregularities on multi-story building responses through pushover analysis. The study aims to evaluate various parameters such as capacity curves, performance levels, story drifts, and displacements for irregular building models compared to regular ones. Four and eight-story buildings are designed according to Indian standards, and nonlinear static analysis is conducted using a plastic hinge model. Plastic hinges are assigned at possible failure locations, and pushover analysis is performed. Eccentricity is incorporated by shifting the position of live loads and adjusting column dimensions on both sides of the axis of symmetry at eccentricity values of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Displacement-controlled pushover analysis is conducted, and pushover curves are obtained in the X direction. The performance of building models is compared with a regular reference frame. Capacity curves, performance points, and story response plots are analyzed using ETABS 9.7.0. The results indicate a reduction in base shear capacity with increasing irregularity, with eccentricity showing a greater effect than soft story irregularity. Irregularity also influences the height-wise variation of story drifts differently.

References

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[14]. Ghobarah, A., Aziz, T. S., & Mohammed, H. H. (2005, August). Response of mass eccentric torsionally coupled primary–secondary system. In Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on the Seismic Behaviour of Irregular and Complex Structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki.

[15]. Giordano, A., Guadagnuolo, M., & Faella, G. (2008, October). Pushover analysis of plan irregular masonry buildings. In Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China (pp. 12-17).

[16]. Heredia Zavoni, E., & Machicao Barrionuevo, R. (2004). Response to orthogonal components of ground motion and assessment of percentage combination rules. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 33(2), 271-284.

[17]. Khoury, W., Rutenberg, A., & Levy, R. (2005, August). On the seismic response of asymmetric setback perimeter-frame structures. In Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on the Seismic Behaviour of Irregular and Complex Structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki.

[18]. Lee, H. S., & Ko, D. W. (2004, August). Seismic response of high-rise RC bearing-wall structures with irregularities at bottom stories. In Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada.

[19]. Lignos, D. G., & Gantes, C. J. (2005, August). Seismic demands for steel braced frames with stiffness irregularities based on modal pushover analysis. In Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on the Seismic Behavior of Irregular and Complex Structures, Thessaloniki, Greece.

[20]. Makarios, T. K., & Bakalis, A. P. (2022). Seismic enforced displacement-based pushover analysis on irregular in-plan R/C multi-storey buildings. In Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures IV (pp. 37-47). Springer International Publishing.

[21]. Marusić, D., & Fajfar, P. (2005). On the inelastic seismic response of asymmetric buildings under bi axial excitation. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 34(8), 943-963.

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[26]. Pettinga, D., Pampanin, S., Christopoulos, C., & Priestley, M. J. N. (2005, August). Effects of irregularities on the residual displacements of structures subjected to inelastic torsional response. In Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on the Seismic Behaviour of Irregular and Complex Structures, CD ROM. Thessaloniki.

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Research Paper

Static and Vibration Analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete Cellular Beams: A Three-Dimensional Study

Manisha P.* , Harish G., Gowtham Raj Ch.*, Chandrasekhar K. N. V.****

*-**** Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Manisha, P., Harish, G., Raj, Ch. G., and Chandrasekhar, K. N. V. (2023). Static and Vibration Analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete Cellular Beams: A Three-Dimensional Study. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20518

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) cellular beams, focusing on both static and dynamic aspects. The study investigates the behavior of RCC cellular beams under varying loads, including dead weight, superimposed loads, and environmental factors like wind. It addresses the essential characteristics of dynamic problems compared to static loading scenarios, emphasizing the influence of time-varying loads on structural response. The research methodology involves the design and analysis of a simply supported RCC beam with circular openings, utilizing advanced computational tools such as RISA 3D®. The study outlines the process of modeling, including the design of circular openings and reinforcement details. It also discusses the theoretical background, including the strut and tie model of concrete, which is essential for understanding the structural behavior. The paper presents the results of static and vibrational analysis, including stress distribution, mode shapes, and fundamental frequencies of vibration. The analysis evaluates the performance of RCC cellular beams, considering factors such as stress concentrations, principal stresses, shear stresses, and Von Mises stresses.

References

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Research Paper

Pumice as a Coarse Aggregate Substitute for Lightweight Concrete: Strength and Density Assessment

M. Shaju Pragash*

Department of Civil Engineering, Ponjesly College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India.

Pragash, M. S. (2023). Pumice as a Coarse Aggregate Substitute for Lightweight Concrete: Strength and Density Assessment. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20517

Abstract

This paper investigates the feasibility of using pumice as a substitute for coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete, focusing on its strength and density characteristics. A significant drawback of conventional concrete lies in its substantial dead load, rendering it economically inefficient as a structural material due to its high self-weight. Lightweight concrete, characterized by a lower density, addresses this concern by reducing dead loads and enhancing thermal insulation. This research focuses on achieving density reduction by partially replacing coarse aggregate with pumice in concrete of grade M20. The study aims to assess the structural viability of lightweight pumice concrete by determining its cube compressive strength and split-tensile strength with a target density of less than 1800 kg/m³. Various proportions of pumice substitution ranging from 0% to 20%, 40%, and 60% are investigated. The primary objective is to assess the compressive and split tensile strengths of lightweight concrete specimens. Comparative analysis with traditional concrete aims to identify the most advantageous substitution percentage that offers superior strength while meeting structural requirements.

References

[1]. Değirmenci, F. N., & Yılmaz, A. (2011). Use of pumice fine aggregate as an alternative to standard sand in production of lightweight cement mortar. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 18(1).

[2]. Herki, B. M. (2020). Lightweight concrete using local natural lightweight aggregate. Journal of Critical Review, 7(4), 490-497.

[3]. Karthika, R. B., Vidyapriya, V., Sri, K. N., Beaula, K. M. G., Harini, R., & Sriram, M. (2021). Experimental study on lightweight concrete using pumice aggregate. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43, 1606-1613.

[4]. Kumar, K. G. K., & Krishnaveni, C. (2016). Study on partial replacement of aggregate by pumice stone in cement concrete. International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 4(3), 113-119.

[5]. Kumar, M. P., & Rajasekhar. (2016). An experimental study on light weight concrete by partial replacement of coarse aggregate by pumice stone and cement by GGBS. International Journal for Scientific Research and Development (IJSRD), 4(9), 634-640.

[6]. Pravallika, B. D., & Rao, K. V. (2016). The study on strength properties of light weight concrete using light weight aggregate. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(6), 1735-1739.

[7]. Prayuda, H. (2021). Fresh and hardened properties of lightweight concrete made with pumice as coarse aggregate. Geomate Journal, 21(87), 110-117.

[8]. Rao, N. S., Kumari, Y. R. R., Desai, V. B., & Swami, B. L. P. (2013). Fibre reinforced light weight aggregate (Natural Pumice Stone) concrete. International Conference on Innovations in Civil Engineering, (pp. 155-158).

[9]. Sharma, B., Sharma, R., & Bansal, P. P. (2022). Effect of fine aggregate replacement with expanded perlite and pumice on the development of lightweight concrete. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(1), 115-129.

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Review Paper

Masonry Infill in Structural Analysis: Effects on Seismic Performance

S. D. Doye*

Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India.

Doye, S. D. (2023). Masonry Infill in Structural Analysis: Effects on Seismic Performance. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20514

Abstract

In structural analysis, masonry infill is commonly regarded as a non-structural component. However, understanding the true behavior of a structure requires incorporating the effects of masonry infill in seismic evaluations. This paper reviews the effects of masonry infill on seismic performance through analyses including pushover analysis, time history analysis, response spectrum analysis, linear static analysis, and eigenvalue analysis. Ten research papers were reviewed, covering different aspects of masonry infill effects on structures of varying configurations and seismic zones. Results indicate that including masonry infill reduces the fundamental time period of vibration and storey displacement while increasing the base shear compared to bare frame structures. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of considering masonry infill in structural analysis to enhance seismic performance.

References

[1]. Abd-Elhamed, A., & Mahmoud, S. (2015). Effect of infill walls on response of multi storey reinforced concrete structure. International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 9(5), 514-518.

[2]. Amanat, K. M., & Hoque, E. (2006). A rationale for determining the natural period of RC building frames having infill. Engineering Structures, 28(4), 495-502.

[3]. Bolea, O. (2016). The seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete frame structures with infill masonry in the Bucharest area. Energy Procedia, 85, 60-76.

[4]. Celarec, D., Ricci, P., & Dolšek, M. (2012). The sensitivity of seismic response parameters to the uncertain modelling variables of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames. Engineering Structures, 35, 165-177.

[5]. Chaker, A. A., & Chaker, A. (1999). Influence of masonry infill panels on the vibration and stiffness characteristics of R/C frame buildings. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 28(9), 1061-1065.

[6]. Davis, G. (2014). Study on seismic responses of masonry brick infill walls in slender structures. International Journal for Scientific Research & Developmet, 2(9), 852-858.

[7]. Di Trapani, F., Giordano, L., & Mancini, G. (2020). Progressive collapse response of reinforced concrete frame structures with masonry infills. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 146(3), 04020002.

[8]. Dolšek, M., & Fajfar, P. (2008). The effect of masonry infills on the seismic response of a four-storey reinforced concrete frame - A deterministic assessment. Engineering Structures, 30(7), 1991-2001.

[9]. Dorji, J., & Thambiratnam, D. P. (2009). Modelling and analysis of infilled frame structures under seismic loads. The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal, 3(1), 119-126.

[10]. Jamnekar, V. P., & Durge, P. V. (2013). Seismic evaluation of brick masonry infill. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IJETET), 2(1), 2248-9592.

[11]. Korkmaz, K. A., Demir, F., & Sivri, M. (2007). Earthquake assessment of R/C structures with masonry infill walls. International Journal of Science & Technology, 2(2), 155-164.

[12]. Mazumder, R. K., Dey, R., & Bhuiyan, A. R. (2015). Structural response analysis of reinforced concrete frame with unreinforced masonry infill walls. In International Conference on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IICSD-2015) (pp. 564-569).

[13]. Rao, P. P. V., & Gupta, L. M. (2016). Effect of seismic zone and story height on response reduction factor for SMRF designed according to IS 1893 (Part-1): 2002. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 97, 367-383.

[14]. Tamboli, H. R., Karadi, U. N., & Tamboli, H. R. (2012). Seismic analysis of RC frame structure with and without masonry infill walls. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences International Bimonthly, 3(14), 1137-1194.

[15]. Wijaya, H., Rajeev, P., Gad, E., & Amirsardari, A. (2020). Effect of infill-wall material types and modeling techniques on the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings. Natural Hazards Review, 21(3), 04020031.

[16]. Zine, A., Kadid, A., & Zatar, A. (2021). Effect of masonry infill panels on the seismic response of reinforced concrete frame structures. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 7(11),1853-1867.

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

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Volume 12 Issue 3 October - December 2023

Assessment of Uncertainty of Error in Design Flood Estimates Using 2-Parameter Log Normal Distribution

Vivekanandan N.*

Hydrometeorology Division, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanandan, N. (2023). Assessment of Uncertainty of Error in Design Flood Estimates Using 2-Parameter Log Normal Distribution. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20374

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The Impact of Plan Irregularity on Multistory Building Response: A Pushover Analysis

Madan Chandra Maurya*

Department of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Maurya, M. C. (2023). The Impact of Plan Irregularity on Multistory Building Response: A Pushover Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20512

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Static and Vibration Analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete Cellular Beams: A Three-Dimensional Study

Manisha P.* , Harish G.**, Gowtham Raj Ch.***, Chandrasekhar K. N. V.****

*-**** Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Manisha, P., Harish, G., Raj, Ch. G., and Chandrasekhar, K. N. V. (2023). Static and Vibration Analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete Cellular Beams: A Three-Dimensional Study. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20518

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Pumice as a Coarse Aggregate Substitute for Lightweight Concrete: Strength and Density Assessment

M. Shaju Pragash*

Department of Civil Engineering, Ponjesly College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India.

Pragash, M. S. (2023). Pumice as a Coarse Aggregate Substitute for Lightweight Concrete: Strength and Density Assessment. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20517

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Masonry Infill in Structural Analysis: Effects on Seismic Performance

S. D. Doye*

Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India.

Doye, S. D. (2023). Masonry Infill in Structural Analysis: Effects on Seismic Performance. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 12(3), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.12.3.20514

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Manisha P.* , Harish G., Gowtham Raj Ch.*, Chandrasekhar K. N. V.****