i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 4

An Experimental Investigation to Determine the Failure Load of Optimal Hammer Head Pier Cap and Interpolate using Univariate Splines Machine Learning Algorithm
Assessment of Radius of Curvature along the Existing Road Networks
Sustainable Urban Infrastructure: A Comprehensive Review of Environmental Safety Practices in Civil Engineering
Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Recycled Aggregate on the Durability and Mechanical Properties of Concrete
A Step by Step Analysis to Solve the Equation of Motion in Space and Time using Basis Splines - A Class Room Example

Most Cited

Volume 12 Issue 3 June - August 2022

Research Paper

Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Film by Codoping Graphene Oxide and Titanium Dioxide

Basavaraj R. Hiremath* , Akshay Muttinamath**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

Hiremath, B. R., and Muttinamath, A. (2022). Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Film by Codoping Graphene Oxide and Titanium Dioxide. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18975

Abstract

Considering the current plastic usage and environmental issues linked with PVC plastic, current research treatment technologies are critical. One of the most commonly used and dumped types of plastic is Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). Multiple studies have shown that it is extremely harmful to both human health and the environment. The current work investigates photocatalytic degradation of PVC using Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Graphene Oxide (GO). In this research, degradation efficiency is calculated by conducting four sets of tests. Initially, the degradation of PVC plastic is investigated, and then the TiO2, GO is mixed with PVC and the degradation is calculated. These experiments are calculated with the help of a photo reactor. The weight loss rates of PVC, PVC/TiO2 (0.3 g TiO2), PVC/GO (0.3 g GO), PVC/TiO2/GO (0.3 g TiO2, 0.3g GO) plastic films after 12 hours of Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were 3.98 %, 70.14 %, 14.85 %, and 27.59 %, respectively. In this research, the maximum degradation efficiency of PVC was 70.14%, when the PVC was mixed with 0.3g of TiO2 at 12 hours of UV irradiation. Doped PVC shows less degradation efficiency compared with PVC/TiO2.

References

[1]. Andrady, A. L., & Neal, M. A. (2009). Applications and societal benefits of plastics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 1977-1984. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0304

[2]. Aragaw, T. A. (2020). Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 159, 111517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111517

[3]. Brandl, H., & Püchner, P. (1991). Biodegradation of plastic bottles made from 'Biopol'in an aquatic ecosystem under in situ conditions. Biodegradation, 2(4), 237-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00114555

[4]. Chandegara, V. K., Cholera, S. P., Nandasana, J. N., Kumpavat, M. T., & Patel, K. C. (2015). Plastic packaging waste impact on climate change and its mitigation. Water management and climate smart agriculture. Adaptation of Climatic Resilient Water Management and Agriculture, 3, 404-415.

[5]. Cho, S., & Choi, W. (2001). Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of PVC–TiO2 polymer composites. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 143(2-3), 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00499-3

[6]. Daniel, D. C. (2004). Creating a sustainable future. Jones and Bartlett Learning. Environmental Science, 8, 517-518.

[7]. David, B. (2011). Are Biodegradeable Plastics Doing More Harm Than Good? Retrieved from https://www.Scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/are-biodegradeable-plastics-doing-m-11-06-05/

[8]. Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L. C., Carson, H. S., Thiel, M., Moore, C. J., Borerro, J. C., ... & Reisser, J. (2014). Plastic pollution in the world's oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. Plos One, 9(12), e111913. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111913

[9]. Fa, W., Zan, L., Gong, C., Zhong, J., & Deng, K. (2008). Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene with TiO2 modified by iron (II) phthalocyanine. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 79(3), 216-223. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.10.018

[10]. Galie, F. (2016). Global market trends and investments in polyethylene and polypropylene. Retrieved from https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/cjp-rbi-icis/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2018/09/03154239/global_trends_whitepaper_pp_pe.pdf

[11]. Gilleo, P. D. K., & Vardaman, J. (2002). Area Array Packaging Handbook: Manufacturing and Assembly. McGraw-Hill Education.

[12]. Gregory, M. R. (2009). Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings—Entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-on, hitch-hiking and alien invasions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 2013-2025. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0265

[13]. Hamlet, C., Matte, T., & Mehta, S. (2018). Combating Plastic Air Pollution on Earth's Day. Retrieved from https://medium.com/vital-strategies/combating-plasticand-air-pollution-on-earth-day-d9c06f1ca219

[14]. Karleskint, G., Turner, R., & Small, J. (2009). Introduction to Marine Biology. Cengage Learning

[15]. Kent, R. (1988). Periodic Table of Polymers. Retrieved from https://pcn.org/technical-information/periodic-table-of-polymers/

[16]. Kutz, M. (2002). Handbook of Materials Selection. John Wiley & Sons.

[17]. Li, S., Xu, S., He, L., Xu, F., Wang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2010). Photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene plastic with polypyrrole/TiO2 nanocomposite as photocatalyst. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 49(4), 400-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602550903532166

[18]. Liang, Y., Tan, Q., Song, Q., & Li, J. (2021). An analysis of the plastic waste trade and management in Asia. Waste Management, 119, 242-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.049

[19]. Liu, G. L., Zhu, D. W., Liao, S. J., Ren, L. Y., Cui, J. Z., & Zhou, W. B. (2009). Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene–Goethite composite film under UV-light irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172(2-3), 1424-1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.008

[20]. Mehran, M. T., Raza Naqvi, S., Ali Haider, M., Saeed, M., Shahbaz, M., & Al-Ansari, T. (2021). Global plastic waste management strategies (Technical and behavioral) during and after COVID-19 pandemic for cleaner global urban life. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1869869

[21]. Njeru, J. (2006). The urban political ecology of plastic bag waste problem in Nairobi, Kenya. Geoforum, 37(6), 1046-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.03.003

[22]. Plastics Europe. (n.d.). Plastics-The Facts 2020. Retrieved from https://plasticseurope.org/knowledgehub/plastics-the-facts-2020/

[23]. Rahimi, A., & García, J. M. (2017). Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 1(6), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-017-0046

[24]. Sheavly, S. B. (2005). Marine Debris–An Overview of a Critical Issue for Our Oceans. Presentation at Sixth.

[25]. Thomas, R. T., & Sandhyarani, N. (2013). Enhancement in the photocatalytic degradation of low density polyethylene–TiO2 nanocomposite films under solar irradiation. RSC Advances, 3(33), 14080-14087. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA42226G

[26]. Yang, C., Ye, L., Tian, L., Peng, T., Deng, K., & Zan, L. (2011). Photodegradation activity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)–perchlorinated iron (II) phthalocyanine (FePcCl16) composite film. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 353(2), 537-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.010

[27]. Zan, L., Tian, L., Liu, Z., & Peng, Z. (2004). A new polystyrene–TiO2 nanocomposite film and its photocatalytic degradation. Applied Catalysis A: General, 264(2), 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2003.12.046

[28]. Zhang, K., Hamidian, A. H., Tubi, A., Zhang, Y., Fang, J. K., Wu, C., & Lam, P. K. (2021). Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environment: A review. Environmental Pollution, 274, 116554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116554

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures

K. N. V. Chandrasekhar* , V. Bhikshma**

* Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, Vyasapuri, Keshavagiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., and Bhikshma, V. (2022). First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18983

Abstract

Topology optimization is at the heart of the design process. With the increasing availability of computational power at cheaper prices the research work in this field has been growing steadily in recent years. Isogeometric analysis using basis splines can be very useful to represent the design domain with good precision. The main focus of this research is to use first-order basis spline functions to represent the design domain in three dimensions and to perform topology optimization and to determine the optimal distribution of material. The principal stresses at the centroid of each element are calculated and compared with the permissible stress of the given material. The nodal displacements are computed at each control point and checked with the permissible displacement for the given material. A few problems from the existing work have been solved using isogeometric topology optimization and shown good agreement with the results obtained using Finite Element Analysis (FEA).

References

[1]. Abolbashari, M. H., & Keshavarzmanesh, S. (2006). On various aspects of application of the evolutionary structural optimization method for 2D and 3D continuum structures. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 42(6), 478-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2005.09.004

[2]. Bendsoe, M. P., & Kikuchi, N. (1988). Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 71(2), 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(88)90086-2

[3]. Camp, C. V., Pezeshk, S., & Hansson, H. (2003). Flexural design of reinforced concrete frames using a genetic algorithm. Journal of Structural Engineering, 129(1), 105-115.

[4]. Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., Bhikshma, V., & Bhaskara Reddy, K. U. (2022). topology optimization of laminated composite plates and shells using optimality criteria. Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 8(2), 405-415. https://doi.org/10.22055/JACM.2019.31296.1858

[5]. Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., Sahithi, N. S. S., & Rao, T. M. (2017). Detailed stepwise procedure to perform isogeometric analysis of a two dimensional continuum plate structure-II. Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.37591/.v7i3.6

[6]. Cottrell, J. A., Hughes, T. J., & Bazilevs, Y. (2009). Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA. John Wiley & Sons.

[7]. Duysinx, P., & Bendsoe, M. P. (1998). Topology optimization of continuum structures with local stress constraints. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 43(8), 1453-1478. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19981230)43:8<1453::AID - NME480>3.0.CO;2-2

[8]. Gao, J., Gao, L., Luo, Z., & Li, P. (2019). Isogeometric topology optimization for continuum structures using density distribution function. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 119(10), 991-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6081

[9]. Gebremedhen, H. S., Woldemicahel, D. E., & Hashim, F. M. (2019). Three-dimensional stress-based topology optimization using SIMP method. International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 10, A1. https://doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2019005

[10]. Ghaffarianjam, H. R., & Abolbashari, M. H. (2010). Performance of the evolutionary structural optimizationbased approaches with different criteria in the shape optimization of beams. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 46(4), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2009.12.001

[11]. He, Z. Q., Liu, Z., Wang, J., & Ma, Z. J. (2020). Development of strut-and-tie models using load path in structural concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, 146(5), 06020004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002631

[12]. Hughes, T. J., Cottrell, J. A., & Bazilevs, Y. (2005). Isogeometric analysis: CAD, finite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh refinement. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 194(39-41), 4135-4195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2004.10.008

[13]. Jeong, S. H., Park, S. H., Choi, D. H., & Yoon, G. H. (2012). Topology optimization considering static failure theories for ductile and brittle materials. Computers & Structures, 110, 116-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2012.07.007

[14]. Kazemi, H. S., Tavakkoli, S. M., & Naderi, R. (2016). Isogeometric topology optimization of structures considering weight minimization and local stress constraints. Iran University of Science & Technology, 6(2), 303-317.

[15]. Liang, Q. Q. (2007). Per formance-based optimization: a review. Advances in Structural Engineering, 10(6), 739-753. https://doi.org/10.1260/136943307783571418

[16]. Liu, H., Yang, D., Hao, P., & Zhu, X. (2018). Isogeometric analysis based topology optimization design with global stress constraint. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 342, 625-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2018.08.013

[17]. Luo, Y., & Kang, Z. (2012). Topology optimization of continuum structures with Drucker–Prager yield stress constraints. Computers & Structures, 90, 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.10.008

[18]. Rojas, H. A., Pezeshk, S., & Foley, C. M. (2007). Performance-based optimization considering both structural and nonstructural components. Earthquake Spectra, 23(3), 685-709. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2754002

[19]. Sahithi, N. S. S., & Chandrasekhar, K. N. V. (2019). Isogeometric topology optimization of continuum structures using an evolutionary algorithm. Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 5(2), 414-440. https://doi.org/10.22055/JACM.2018.26398.1330

[20]. Wang, Y., & Benson, D. J. (2016). Isogeometric analysis for parameterized LSM-based structural topology optimization. Computational Mechanics, 57(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-015-1219-1

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Experimental Study on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Based Coarse aggregate in Cement Concrete

Naveena M. P.* , G. Narayana**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, Karnataka, India.

Naveena, M. P., and Narayana, G. (2022). Experimental Study on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Based Coarse Aggregate in Cement Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18890

Abstract

Many applications of fly ash have been studied and employed in various fields. Thermal power stations use pulverized coal as fuel. Thus produce large amounts of fly ash as a by-product of combustion. The present analyses investigates the manufacturing process of Alkali Activated Fly Ash (AAFG) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) Based Coarse Aggregate using an ordinary concrete mixer and its properties are analyzed. The flexural capacity of the Reinforce Concrete (RC) beam with AAFG increases by increasing the diameter of reinforcement and decreases in the replacement AAFG beam, and the crack width decreases as an increase in the replacement of the fly ash aggregate up to 50% in concrete. The durability property of concrete blended with AAFG shows similar results to conventional concrete. From the Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) results, it shows that AAFG concrete and conventional concrete are both in the moderate zone only.

References

[1]. Arivalagan, S. (2014). Sustainable studies on concrete with GGBS as a replacement material in cement. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 8(3), 263-270.

[2]. Arslan, H., & Baykal, G. (2006). Utilization of fly ash as engineering pellet aggregates. Environmental Geology, 50(5), 761-770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0248-7

[3]. Harikrishnan, K. I., & Ramamurthy, K. (2006). Influence of pelletization process on the properties of fly ash aggregates. Waste Management, 26(8), 846-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.10.012

[4]. Ramamurthy, K., & Harikrishnan, K. I. (2006). Influence of binders on properties of sintered fly ash aggregate. Cement and Concrete Composites, 28(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.06.005

[5]. Arezoumandi, M., & Volz, J. S. (2013). Effect of fly ash replacement level on the shear strength of high-volume fly ash concrete beams. Journal of Cleaner Production, 59, 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.043

[6]. Kayali, O. (2008). Fly ash lightweight aggregates in high performance concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 22(12), 2393-2399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.09.001

[7]. Gomathi, P., & Sivakumar, A. (2015). Accelerated curing effects on the mechanical performance of cold bonded and sintered fly ash aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 77, 276-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.108

[8]. Babu, K. G., & Kumar, V. S. R. (2000). Efficiency of GGBS in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 30(7), 1031-1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00271-4

[9]. Lloyd, N. A., & Rangan, B. V. (2010). Fly ash based Geopolymer Concrete. Curtin University of Technology, Australia.

[10]. Davidovits, J. (2017). Geopolymers: Ceramic-like inorganic polymers. Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, 8(3), 335-350. https://doi.org/10.4416/JCST2017-00038

[11] . Menon, S. U., Anand, K. B., & Sharma, A. K. (2018, February). Performance evaluation of alkali-activated coal-ash aggregate in concrete. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management, 171(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.17.00033

[12]. Venugopal, K., Radhakrishna, & Sasalatti, V. (2016, September). Development of alkali activated geopolymer masonry blocks. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 149(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/149/1/012072

[13]. Oner, A., & Akyuz, S. (2007). An experimental study on optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive strength of concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 29(6), 505-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.01.001

[14]. Chidiac, S. E., & Panesar, D. K. (2008). Evolution of mechanical properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag and effects on the scaling resistance test at 28 days. Cement and Concrete Composites, 30(2), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.09.003

[15]. Johari, M. M., Brooks, J. J., Kabir, S., & Rivard, P. (2011). Influence of supplementary cementitious materials on engineering properties of high strength concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 25(5), 2639-2648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.013

[16]. Bijen, J. (1996). Benefits of slag and fly ash. Construction and Building Materials, 10(5), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00014-3

[17]. United Nations Environment Programme. (2014). Sand, Rarer than One Thinks: UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) - March 2014. Retrieved from https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/8665

[18] Central Electricity Authority. (2017). Report on Fly ash Generation at Coal/Lignite Based Thermal Power Stations and its Utilization in the Country for the Year 2016- 2017. Retrieved from https://cea.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/flyash_final_1516.pdf

[19]. Manikandan, R., & Ramamurthy, K. (2007). Influence of fineness of fly ash on the aggregate pelletization process. Cement and Concrete Composites, 29(6), 456-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.01.002

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Consequences of using GGBS and M-Sand on the Properties of High Strength Concrete

Syed Afzal Basha* , B. Jayarami Reddy**

* Department of Civil Engineering, G Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, IIIT Ongole Campus, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Basha, S. A., and Reddy, B. J. (2022). Consequences of using GGBS and M-Sand on the Properties of High Strength Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18869

Abstract

Complimentary cementitious materials have occupied a pivotal position in the production of high-strength concrete blends as a substitute for binding components. These additional cementing compounds have been used in concrete for decades and their effects are well known and understood. The practise of using supplementary cementitious materials in the construction sector is favorable to concrete technologists, which generally results in a lower cost of concrete production without compromising on the short-term and long-term attributes of concrete. One of the well-known cementitious materials like Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), which is obtained as a by-product of steel producing units, is being used as partial substitute of cement in producing M60 grade of high strength concrete. The present work is focused on the utilization of manufactured sand and stone powder as finer aggregate content and GGBS as a fractional binding element. Various tests were performed to find the mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength mixes. The analyses revealed that GGBS made significant contributions to the mechanical properties of concrete through void filling ability and the formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate gel. The micro-structural tests performed through scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the dense microstructure of the high-strength mix of concrete at 45% substitution levels of GGBS.

References

[1]. ACI Committee 363. (1997). State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength Concrete. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/8275753/ACI_363r_92_State_of_the_Art_Report_on_High_Strength_Concrete

[2]. Aïtcin, P. C., & Mehta, P. K. (1990). Effect of coarse aggregate characteristics on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. Materials Journal, 87(2), 103-107.

[3]. Bache, H. (1987). High-Strength Concrete Development through 25 Years. CBL Reprint No. 17, Aalborg Portland, Aalborg, Denmark.

[4]. Bonavetti, V. L., & Irassar, E. F. (1994). The effect of stone dust content in sand. Cement and Concrete Research, 24(3), 580-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(94)90147-3

[5]. Boopathi, Y., & Doraikkannan, J. (2016). Study on msand as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology, 3(2), 746–749.

[6]. Celik, T., & Marar, K. (1996). Effects of crushed stone dust on some properties of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 26(7), 1121-1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(96)00078-6

[7]. Farney, J. A., & Panarese, W. C. (1994). High-Strength Concrete. Portland cement association, Skokie, USA.

[8]. Gambhir, M. L. (1986). Concrete Technology. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

[9]. Ghannam, S., Najm, H., & Vasconez, R. (2016). Experimental study of concrete made with granite and iron powders as partial replacement of sand. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 9, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2016.06.001

[10]. Giaccio, G., Rocco, C., Violini, D., Zappitelli, J., & Zerbino, R. (1992). High-strength concretes incorporating different coarse aggregates. Materials Journal, 89(3), 242-246.

[11]. Gjorv, O. E. (1992). High-strength concrete. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Concrete Technology.

[12]. Godman, A., & Bentur, A. (1989). Bond effects in high-strength silica fume concretes. Materials Journal, 86(5), 440-449.

[13]. Ho, D. S., Sheinn, A. M. M., Ng, C. C., & Tam, C. T. (2002). The use of quarry dust for SCC applications. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(4), 505-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00726-8

[14]. Hogan, F. J., & Meusel, J. W. (1981). Evaluation for durability and strength development of a ground granulated blast furnace slag. Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 3(1), 40-52.

[15]. Hwang, C. L., & Lin, C. Y. (1986). Strength development of blended blast furnace slag cement mortars. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 9(3), 233-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1986.9676884

[16]. Idrees, M., & Faiz, A. (2019, July). Utilization of Waste Quarry Dust and Marble Powder in Concrete. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies (SCMT5), London, UK (pp. 14-17).

[17]. Kankam, C. K., Meisuh, B. K., Sossou, G., & Buabin, T. K. (2017). Stress-strain characteristics of concrete containing quarry rock dust as partial replacement of sand. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 7, 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2017.06.004

[18]. Kobayashi, K., Uomoto, T., & Shima, F. (1979, September). Partial Replacement of Portland cement By Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag. In US-Japan Science Seminar, San Francisco (p. 32).

[19]. Lukowski, P., & Salih, A. (2015). Durability of mortars containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag in acid and sulphate environment. Procedia Engineering, 108, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.118

[20]. Mani, K. U., Sathya, N., & Sakthivel, R. (2014). International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research Effect of replacement of River sand by M-sand in high strength concrete.

[21]. Mehta, P. K., & Monteiro, P. J. (1993). Concrete: Structure, Properties, and Materials. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.

[22]. Meusel, J. W., & Rose, J. H. (1983). Production of granulated blast furnace slag at sparrows point, and the workability and strength potential of concrete incorporating the slag. Special Publication, 79, 867-890.

[23]. MuraliKrishnan, S., Kala, T. F., Asha, P., & Elavenil, S. (2018). Properties of concrete using manufactured sand as fine aggregate. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 11(3), 94-100. https://doi.org/10.20902/IJCTR.2018.110337

[24]. Nawy, E. G. (1996). Fundamentals of High Strength High Performance Concrete. Addison-Wesley Longman.

[25]. Neville, A. M. (1997). Properties of Concrete. Wiley, New York.

[26]. Oner, A. D. N. A. N., & Akyuz, S. (2007). An experimental study on optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive strength of concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 29(6), 505-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.01.001

[27]. Ozturan, T., & Çeçen, C. (1997). Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of concretes with different strengths. Cement and Concrete Research, 27(2), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00006-9

[28]. Pofale, A. D., & Kulkarni, S. S. (1998). Comparative study of strength properties of concrete mixes with natural sand replaced fully or partially by crushed stone powder (Basalt) from aggregate crushing plant waste. In National Seminar on Advances in Special Concretes, Indian Concrete Institute, Banglore, India (pp. 227-240).

[29]. Raman, S. N., Ngo, T., Mendis, P., & Mahmud, H. B. (2011). High-strength rice husk ash concrete incorporating quarry dust as a partial substitute for sand. Construction and Building Materials, 25(7), 3123-3130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.026

[30]. Rasiah, A. R. (1983). High strength concrete for developing countries. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Concrete Technology in Developing Countries.

[31]. Shah, S., & Ahmad, S. (1994). High Performance Concretes and Applications. Edward Arnold, England.

[32]. Shanmugapriya, T., & Uma, R. N. (2012). Optimization of partial replacement of M-sand by natural sand in high performance concrete with silica fume. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, 2(2), 73-80.

[33]. Shukla, M., & Sachan, A. K. (2000). Stone dustenvironmentally hazardous waste: Its utilization in building construction, materials and machines for construction. New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, (pp. 77-81).

[34]. Singh, S., Nande, N., Bansal, P., & Nagar, R. (2017). Experimental investigation of sustainable concrete made with granite industry by-product. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(6), 04017017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001862

[35]. Soroka, I., & Setter, N. (1977). The effect of fillers on strength of cement mortars. Cement and Concrete Research, 7(4), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(77)90073-4

[36]. Ujhelyi, J. E., & Ibrahim, A. J. (1991). Hot weather concreting with hydraulic additives. Cement and Concrete Research, 21(2-3), 345-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(91)90015-A

[37]. Vijayalakshmi, M., & Sekar, A. S. S. (2013). Strength and durability properties of concrete made with granite industry waste. Construction and Building Materials, 46, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.018

[38]. Wang, D., & Chen, Z. (1997). On predicting compressive strengths of mortars with ternary blends of cement, GGBFS and fly ash. Cement and Concrete Research, 27(4), 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00039-2

[39]. Zhou, F. P., Lydon, F. D., & Barr, B. I. G. (1995). Effect of coarse aggregate on elastic modulus and compressive strength of high performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 25(1), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(94)00125-I

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Intercomparison of Probability Distributions for Selecting a Best Fit for Estimation of Rainfall

N. Vivekanandan*

Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanandan, N. (2022). Intercomparison of Probability Distributions for Selecting a Best Fit for Estimation of Rainfall. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18900

Abstract

Estimation of rainfall for a given duration and return period is considered as one of the important design parameters in hydrological studies for planning, design and management of civil and hydraulic structures. This can be computed by fitting a probability distribution to the annual 1-day maximum rainfall observed at the rain-gauge site located within the vicinity of the study area. This paper presents an analysis of rainfall estimation at Dahanu using an extreme value family of probability distributions, namely, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Extreme Value Type-1, Extreme Value Type-2, and 3- parameter Pareto, wherein the parameters are determined using the Method of Moments, Maximum Likelihood Method, and Method of L-Moments (LMO). The adequacy of fitting probability distributions adopted in rainfall analysis is evaluated by quantitative assessment through Goodness-of-Fit (viz., Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and diagnostic (viz., D-index) tests, and qualitative assessment by using the fitted curves of the estimated rainfall. The study shows that the estimated 1-day maximum rainfall given by GEV (LMO) distribution could be considered as a design parameter while designing the civil and hydraulic structures at Dahanu.

References

[1]. Afungang, R., & Bateira, C. (2016). Statistical modelling of extreme rainfall, return periods and associated hazards in the Bamenda Mountain, NW Cameroon. Journal Geography and Spatial Planning, 1(9), 5-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2016.9.001

[2]. AlHassoun, S. A. (2011). Developing an empirical formulae to estimate rainfall intensity in Riyadh region. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 23(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2011.03.003

[3]. Annis, C. (2009). Goodness of Fit Tests for Statistical Distributions. Statistical Engineering.

[4]. Arvind, G., Kumar, P. A., Karthi, S. G., & Suribabu, C. R. (2017, July). Statistical analysis of 30 years rainfall data: a case study. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 80(1), 012067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/80/1/012067

[5]. Baghel, H., Mittal, H. K., Singh, P. K., Yadav, K. K., & Jain, S. (2019). Frequency analysis of rainfall data using probability distribution models. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(6), 1390-1396. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.806.168

[6]. Bobee, B., & Ashkar, F. (1991). The Gamma Family and Derived Distributions Applied in Hydrology. Water Resources Publications.

[7]. Esberto, M. D. P. (2018). Probability distribution fitting of rainfall patterns in Philippine regions for effective risk management. Environment and Ecology Research, 6(3), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2018.060305

[8]. Gumbel, E. J. (1958). Statistic of Extremes, Columbia University Press, New York.

[9]. Rao, A. R., & Hamed, K. H. (2000). Flood Frequency Analysis. CRC Publications, New York, USA.

[10]. Sabarish, R. M., Narasimhan, R., Chandhru, A. R., Suribabu, C. R., Sudharsan, J., & Nithiyanantham, S. (2017). Probability analysis for consecutive-day maximum rainfall for Tiruchirapalli City (south India, A s i a ) . Applied Water Science, 7(2), 1033-1042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0307-x

[11]. Sharma, N. K., & Sharma, S. (2019). Frequency analysis of rainfall data of Dharamshala region, International Journal of Science and Research, 8(2): 886-892.

[12]. USGS. (2019). Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency Bulletin 17C. Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation, US Geological Survey (USGS), Washington. Retrieved from https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/b05/tm4b5.pdf

[13]. Vaidya, V. B., Suvarna, D., & Kulshreshtha, M. S. (2020). Evaluation of frequency analysis of distinctive rainfall intensity for various stations of Gujarat. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 7(12), 420-435.

[14]. Vivekanandan, N., & Mathew, F. T. (2010). Probabilistic modelling of annual d-day maximum rainfall. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 16(1), 122-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2010.10515021

[15] Zhang, J. (2002). Powerful goodness-of-fit tests based on the likelihood ratio. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 64(2), 281-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00337

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 4

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 12 Issue 3 June - August 2022

Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Film by Codoping Graphene Oxide and Titanium Dioxide

Basavaraj R. Hiremath* , Akshay Muttinamath**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

Hiremath, B. R., and Muttinamath, A. (2022). Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Film by Codoping Graphene Oxide and Titanium Dioxide. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18975

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures

K. N. V. Chandrasekhar* , V. Bhikshma**

* Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, Vyasapuri, Keshavagiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. ** University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., and Bhikshma, V. (2022). First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18983

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Experimental Study on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Based Coarse aggregate in Cement Concrete

Naveena M. P.* , G. Narayana**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, Karnataka, India.

Naveena, M. P., and Narayana, G. (2022). Experimental Study on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Based Coarse Aggregate in Cement Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18890

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Consequences of using GGBS and M-Sand on the Properties of High Strength Concrete

Syed Afzal Basha* , B. Jayarami Reddy**

* Department of Civil Engineering, G Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, IIIT Ongole Campus, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Basha, S. A., and Reddy, B. J. (2022). Consequences of using GGBS and M-Sand on the Properties of High Strength Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18869

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Intercomparison of Probability Distributions for Selecting a Best Fit for Estimation of Rainfall

N. Vivekanandan*

Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanandan, N. (2022). Intercomparison of Probability Distributions for Selecting a Best Fit for Estimation of Rainfall. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18900

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

* Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, Vyasapuri, Keshavagiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

* Department of Civil Engineering, G Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, IIIT Ongole Campus, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, India.