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i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

Mechanization and Import Substitution in Zimbabwean Farmers' Equipment: A Case Study of the Revitalization of an Abandoned Tractor Trailer
Drill String Vibrational Analysis and Parametric Optimization for a Portable Water Well Rig Development
An Efficient Deep Neural Network with Amplifying Sine Unit for Nonlinear Oscillatory Systems
The Occupational Directness of Nanorobots in Medical Surgeries
Recent Trends in Solar Thermal Cooling Technologies

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 4 August - October 2013

Research Paper

Axisymmetric Thermal Analysis of Rotor Disc of a Friction Brake Assembly Using Finite Difference Method

Pushkaraj Bhandari* , Abhishek Kanaskar, Ravindra Tamhankar*, Uday Phadke****

*-**** Fluid Power Group, R&DE(E), DRDO, Pune, India.

Bhandari, P., Kanaskar, A., Tamhankar, R., & Phadke, U. (2013). Axisymmetric Thermal Analysis of Rotor Disc of a Friction Brake Assembly Using Finite Difference Method. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2482

Abstract

Aircraft arrester gear (AAG) system, which is a ground based emergency braking system, is used to bring fighter aircrafts to halt by converting kinetic energy of incoming aircraft to frictional heat energy of the emergency brakes. However, the rise in temperature of the brake disc of emergency braking system in an AAG is difficult to measure practically. Hence a mathematical way of estimating temperature rise is discussed. The paper describes temperature rise in the brake disc by solving heat transfer equations with finite difference method. The equations are solved iteratively using MATLAB and the best case temperature rise 3400°C and the worst case temperature rise 1200°Cis obtained based on the area available for heat dissipation. Finite element analysis is done using ABAQUS and ANSYS to validate the temperature rise. Experimentation is also performed by developing a prototype for dynamic energy generation and further its absorption to observe the temperature rise in the brake discs. The theoretical solution is validated with the experimental results. It is concluded that uniform contact of the brake discs is an important parameter to limit the temperature rise.

References

[1].Arresting systems, air traffic control training series, (1994). AT-G-02, Department of Air-force.

[2].V.B. Bhandari, (2012). Design of machine elements, Tata Mc Graw hill publications

[3].S.C. Sati, A.S. Kanaskar, S.R. Kajale, A. Mukherjee, March (2011). Modeling, simulation and analysis of aircraft arresting system using bond graph approach, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Elsevier, Vol. 19, issue 3.

[4].Zlatomir Živanovic, Miodrag Milic, (2012). Thermal Load of Multidisc Wet Friction Assemblies at Braking Regime, Strojniškivestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 58.

[5].Cengel, (2002). Heat transfer: A Practical approach, Mc Graw Hill Publications.

[6].H. Mazidi, S. Jalalifar, S Jalalifar and J Chakhoo, (2011). Mathematical modeling of heat conduction in a disk brake system during braking, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 4 (2).

[7].Zbigniew Wolejsza, Adam Dacko, Tomasz Zawistowski, Jerzy Osinski, (2001). Thermo-mechanical analysis of airplane carbon-carbon composite brakes using MSC, Marc.

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Research Paper

Utilizing Merry-Go-Round Wheel To Pump Water In The Park

M. Chandra Sekhar* , P. Nanda Kumar, P. S. Ravi Kumar*

* Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.B.K.R. Institute of Science & Technology, Vidyanagar, A.P. India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.B.K.R. Institute of Science & Technology, Vidyanagar, A.P. India.

* Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.B.K.R. Institute of Science & Technology, Vidyanagar, A.P. India.

Sekhar, M. C., Kumar, P. N., & Kumar, P. R. (2013). Utilizing Merry-Go-Round Wheel to Pump Water in the Park. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2483

Abstract

Energy conservation is imperative, because the conventional resources are diminishing day by day and the shortage of electric energy will have cascading effect on industrial production and economic development. In this prospective proper utilization of alternative energy sources for the basic needs of living are necessary. In the present research, Pumping of water with playful energy can be enabled even in absence of electrical energy. The paradigm of a “Form Study Prototype” Merry-Go-Round (MGR) pump is conceptually designed. The required artifacts are selected by using cross-consistency matrix. The most of the artifacts are fabricated and the other are obtained directly from the market that are readily available. Then all the distinct components are assembled as per the conceptual design. Performance is evaluated by rotating MGR wheel; so as to enable it to pump the water from sump to over head tank. Thus it can be installed in parks, schools and public places. Thus the playful energy of the children is gently utilized to pump water.

References

[1]. Frank W. Liou, (2008). “A tool box for prototype development” “Rapid Prototyping and Engineering applications”, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, ch 2, pp. 19-79.

[2]. “UNICEF” (2007). An Evaluation of the play pump Water System as an Appropriate Technology for water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programmes, from (unicef_pp_report.pdf), pp.4-17.

[3]. Karl T. Ulrich, Steven D. Eppiger (2003). “Product design and development” Tata McGraw-Hill Edition-2003, ch 4, pp.53-67 &, ch 6, pp.97-119.

[4]. Shunmugham R. Pandian, “A Human Power Conversion System Based on Children's Play”, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118.

[5]. Kevin Otto, Kristin Wood, (2001). “Product design” Technique in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development, Prentice Hall, ch 4,pp.111-141.

[6]. James G.Bralla, (1999). “Design for Manufacturability Handbook”, The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2nd edition 1999, ch 7,pp 7.3.

[7]. Pediatrics for Parents., The Effects of Video Games on Children: What Parents Need to Know. Retrieved from http://www.pedsforparents.com/articles/2791.shtml.

[8]. Raise Smart Kid., The Positive and Negative Effects of Video Games. Retrieved from http://www.raisesmartkid. com/3-to-6-years-old/4-articles/34-the-good-and-bad-effects-of-video-games.

[9]. National Geographic Society., PlayPumps: A New Invention Turns Work Into Play. Retrieved from http://kids. nationalgeographic.com/kids/stories/peopleplaces/playpumps.

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Research Paper

Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Diffuser using Vortex Generators Placed on the Side Wall

Ghobad Shafiei Sabet* , S. Pavithran, R. R. Kulkarni*

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, India.

-* Department of Mechanical Engineering,Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India.

Sabet, G. S., Pavithran, S., & Kulkarni, R. R. (2013). Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Diffuser using Vortex Generators Placed on the Side Wall. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2484

Abstract

The experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement and flow analysis in a diffuser using Vortex Generators (Vgs) is carried out. Two diffuser angles are inspected. One and two vortex pairs are considered. The velocity profile at the diffuser inlet is uniform and the flow is a developing one. The Vortex Generators are placed on the side vertical side wall, near the diffuser inlet. It is observed that the heat transfer enhancement is more with the two pair case. The Reynolds 5 number is in the range 2.5-3.6×10 . The maximum enhancement is 83% at constant Reynolds Number and 57% at constant dissipation. The diffuser efficiency is lower for the rough cases, with the two pair case yielding a lower value. The enhancement increases with the angle of attack of the Vortex Generator.

References

[1]. Jacobi, A.M., and Shah, R.K., (1995). “Heat Transfer Surface Enhancement Through the use of Longitudinal Vortices: A Review of Recent Progress”, Experimental Thermal Fluid Science, 11, pp.295-309.

[2]. Edwards, F.J., and Alkar, C.J.R., (1974). “The Improvement of Forced Convection Surface Heat Transfer Using Surface Protrusions in the Form of (A0 Cubes and (B) Vortex Generators”, Fifth International Heat Transfer Conference, Tokyo, 2, pp.244-248.

[3]. Russell, C.M.B., Jones, T.V., and Lee, G.H., (1982). “Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Vortex Generators”, Seventh International Heat Transfer Conference, New York, 2, pp.283-288.

[4]. Turk, A.Y., and Junkhan, G.H., (1986). “Heat Transfer Enhancement Downstream of Vortex Generators on a Flat Plate”, Eighth International Heat Transfer Conference, San Francisco, 6, pp.2903-2908.

[5]. Fiebig, M., Kallweit, P., and Mitra, N.K., (1986). “Wing Type Vortex Generators for Heat Transfer Enhancement”, Eighth International Heat Transfer Conference, San Francisco, 6, pp.2909-2913.

[6]. Biswas, G., Mitra, N.K., and Fiebig, M., (1989). “Computation of Laminar Mixed Convection Flow in a Channel with Wing-Type Built-in Obstacles”, Journal of Thermophysics, 3, No.4, pp.447-453.

[7]. Biswas G., and Chattopadhyay H., (1992). “Heat Transfer in a Channel with Built-in wing-Type Vortex Generators”, International Journal of Heat and Mass, 35, pp.803-814.

[8]. Gentery, M.C., and Jocobi, A.M., (1997). “Heat transfer Enhancement by delta-wing Vortex generators on Flat Plate: Vortex interactions with the boundary layer”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid science, 14, pp.231-242.

[9]. Brockmeier, U., Fiebig, M., Guntermann, T. and Mitra N.K., (1989). “Heat Transfer Enhancement in Fin-Plate Heat Exchangers by Wing Type Vortex Generators”, Chemical Engineering Technology, 12, pp.288-294.

[10]. Fiebig, M., Brockmeier, U., Mitra, N.K. and Guntermann, T., (1989). “Structure of Velocity and Temperature Fields in Laminar Channel Flows with Longitudinal Vortex Generators”, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, 15, pp.281-302.

[11]. Fiebig, M., Kallweit, P., Mitra, N.K., and Tiggelbeck, S., (1991). “Heat Transfer Enhancement and Drag by Longitudinal Vortex Generators in Channel Flow”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 34, pp.2431-2443.

[12]. Tiggelbeck, S., Mitra, N.K., and Fiebig M., (1992). “Flow Structure and Heat Transfer in a Channel with Multiple Longitudinal Vortex Generators”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 5, pp.425-436.

[13]. Tiggelbeck, S.T., Mitra, N.K., and Fiebig, M., (1993). “Experimental Investigations of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Flow Losses in a Channel with Double Rows of Longitudinal Vortex Generators”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 36, pp.2327-2337.

[14]. Tigglbeck, N., Mitra, N.K. & Fiebig, M. (1994). “Comparison of Wing- type Vortex Generators for Heat Transfer Enhancement in channel flows”. Journal of heat transfer, 116, No 4, pp.880-885

[15]. Fiebig, M., Mitra, N., and Doge, Y.M., (1990). “Simultaneous Heat Transfer Enhancement and Flow Loss Reduction of Fin-Tubes,” Ninth International Heat Transfer Conference, 4, pp.51-56.

[16]. Fiebig, M., and Sanchez, M.A., (1992). “Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss by Winglet Vortex Generators in a Fin-Tube Element”, HTD ASME, 201, pp.7-14.

[17]. Biswas, G., Mitra, N.K., and .Fiebig, M., (1994). “Heat Transfer Enhancement in Fin-Tube Heat Exchangers by Winglet Vortex Generators”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, pp.37, 283-291.

[18]. Valencia, A., Fiebig, N.K., Mitra, M., and Leiner, W., (1992). “Heat Transfer and Flow Loss in a Fine-Tube Heat Exchanger Element with Wing-Type Vortex Generators”, Institution of Chemical Engineering Symposium Series, 1, No. 129, pp.327-333.

[19]. Fiebig, M., Valencia, A., and Mitra, N.K., (1993). “Wing-Type Vortex Generators for Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 7, pp.287-295.

[20]. Fiebig, M., Valencia, A., and Mitra, N.K., (1994). “Local Heat Transfer and Flow Losses in Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers with Vortex Generators: A comparison of Round and Flat Tubes”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 8, pp.35-45.

[21]. Von, Stillfried, F., Wallin, S., and Johansson A.V., (2011). “Evaluation of a Vortex Generator Model in Adverse Pressure Gradient Boundary layer”, AIAA of Journal, 49, pp.982-993.

[22]. Sohankar, A., (2007). “Heat Transfer augmentation in a rectangular with Vee-shaped vortex generators”, International Journal heat and Fluid flow, .28, pp.306-317.

[23]. Sohankar, A. and Davidson, L., (2010). “Effect of Inclined Vortex Generator on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Three Dimensional channel”, International Journal heat and Fluid flow, 41, pp.433-488.

[24]. Nalawade, M.K. and Vedulla, R.P., (2006). “Heat Transfer Performance with an Array of Delta Wing Vortex Generators on Two Opposite Wall in a Square Duct”, Eighteen and Seventh ISHMT.ASME, Heat and Mass transfer conference, IIT Guwahati, India, pp.192-199.

[25]. Pesteei, S.M., Subbarao, P.M.V., and Agarwal, R.S., (2004). “Experimental Study of Winglet location on Heat Transfer and Pressure drop in fin-tub Heat Exchanger”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 25, pp.1684-1696.

[26]. Yanagihara, J.I., & Torii,K., (1992). “Enhancement of Laminar Boundary Layer Heat transfer by a Vortex Generator”, JSME International Series II, 35, pp.400-405.

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Research Paper

Determination of Power of High Pressure Steam Turbine Blading Using CFD Analysis

Dr.M. Sivarama* , P. Nanda Kumar, P. S. Ravi Kumar*

* Assistant Professor, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering & Technology, (Autonomous), Chittoor, A.P., India.

Professor of Mechanical Engineering, NBKR institute of Science and Technology, Vidyanagar, Nellore (d.t), A.P., India.

* Associate Professor, NBKR institute of Science and Technology, Vidyanagar, Nellore (d.t), A.P., India.

Krishnaiah, M. S., Kumar, P. N., & Kumar, P. R. (2013). Determination of Power of High Pressure Steam Turbine Blading Using CFD Analysis. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2485

Abstract

In a high pressure Steam Turbine, coupled CFD analysis of steam flow is done, carrying the smaller blade passages, but it is complex and involve understanding of energy conversion in 3D geometries. Out of 17 stages of Steam Turbine, 8 stages of high Pressure Steam Turbine are considered with extended terminal labyrinth seals. Their influence and the effects on performance are analyzed. Design considerations and estimation of power of high Pressure Steam Turbine using CFD, assist in optimizing the design. The CFD results are in concurrence with the two dimensional results. Practical engineering method for obtaining axisymmetric solution has been developed and results are presented and discussed.

References

[1]. A.M.Yahya, Handbook of Turbines Compressors and Fans Turbo machinery, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

[2]. Moro. L., Govorush Henko Y., Romanenko L., and Pagur P. (2004). “Methods and Tools for Multidisciplinary Optimization of Axial Turbine Stages with Relatively Long Blades”, Proceedings of Turbo Expo 2004. 14-17 June, Vienna, Austria.

[3]. KCH Peraiah, Dr. Udai Singh, Ramu Maddi, Sumalatha,(2009). 12^th National conference on CFD applications in power and industry sectors Centre of excellence for CFD, BHEL 28^th – 29^th January 2009, Hyderabad, India

[4]. Paul Albert, Steam Turbine Thermal Evaluation and Assessment, G.E Power systems.

[5]. Zamri, M.Y., (1997). “An Improved Treatment of TwoDimensional Two-Phase Flows of Steam by a Runge-Kutta Method”, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering,TheUniversityof Birmingham,U.K.

[6]. Bakhtar, F., So, K.S., (1991). “A Study of Nucleating Flow of Steam in a Cascade of Supersonic Blading by the TimeMarching Method”, International Journal on Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 12, pp: 52-64.

[7]. Deckers, M., Simon, V., Scheuerer, G., (1997). “The Application of CFD to Advanced Steam Turbine Design”, International Journal of Computer Applications Technology.

[8]. Jiyuan Tu and Guan Heng Yeoh Chaoqun Liu,Computational Fluid Dynamics A practical approach.

[9]. ANSYS 11, Turbo grid Software ASME, Retrieved from http://www.ansys.com/Products/Simulation+Technology/Fl uid+Dynamics/Turbomachinery+Products/ANSYS+Blade Modeler.

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Research Paper

Determination of Exponential Smoothing Constant for Demand Forecasting of Milk Product (Paneer) in Chhattisgarh, India

Pradeep Kumar Sahu*

*Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh (India).

Sahu, P. (2013). Determination of Exponential Smoothing Constant For Demand Forecasting of Milk Product (Paneer) in Chhattisgarh, India. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2486

Abstract

This paper examines the appropriate value of exponential smoothing constant to minimize error for forecasting. Trial and error method is used to determine the optimal value of exponential smoothing constant. Based on literature survey, weekly data collected over October 2011 to October 2012 from Raipur Dugdh Sangh (Devbhog Dairy Industry) in Chhattisgarh. The accuracy of the forecasting method was measured using mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and mean Square Error (MSE). The value of the smoothing constant that minimize a measure of forecast error like mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and mean Square Error (MSE) are calculated.

References

[1]. Paul, S.K. (2011). Determination of exponential smoothing constant to minimize mean square error and mean absolute deviation, Global Journal of Researches In Engineering, 11(3).

[2]. Hyndman, R. J., Koehler, A. B., Snyder, R. D., and Grose, S., (2002). “A state space framework for automatic forecasting using exponential smoothing methods”, International Journal of Forecasting, 18, pp.439-454.

[3]. Ravinder, H. V. (2013). Determining the Optimal Values of Exponential Smoothing Constants – Does Solver Really Work?, American Journal of Business Education, 6(3).

[4]. Ravinder, H. V. (2013). Forecasting With Exponential Smoothing – What's The Right Smoothing Constant?, American Journal of Business Education, 17(3).

[5]. Cacatto, C., Belfiore, P., and Vieira, J.G.V. (2012). Forecasting practices in Brazilian food industry, Journal of logistics management, 1(4), 2 pp.4-36.

[6]. Chary, S. N. (2009). Production and operations management. India, Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

[7]. Chopra, S., and Meindl, P. (2010). Supply Chain Management Strategy, Planning and Operation, 4th Ed, India: Pearson.

[8]. Lim, P.Y., and Nayar, C. V. (2012). Solar irradiance and load demand forecasting based on single exponential smoothing method, IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(4), pp.451-455.

[9]. Armstrong, J. S., Morwitz, V. G. and Kumar, V. (2000). Sales Forecasts for Existing Consumer Products and Services: Do Purchase Intentions Contribute to Accuracy?, International Journal of Forecasting.16 (3), pp.383-397.

[10]. Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Production and Operation Management, 2nd edition, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi (India).

[11]. Ryu, K., & Sanchez, A. (2003). The evaluation of forecasting methods at an institutional foodservice dining facility, The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management, 11(1), pp.27-45.

[12]. Corberan-Vallet, A., Bermudez, J. D., and Vercher, E. (2011). Forecasting correlated time series with exponential smoothing models, International Journal of Forecasting, 27, pp.252-265.

[13]. Strasheim, J. J. (1992). Demand forecasting for motor vehicle spare parts, A Journal of Industrial Engineering, 6(2), pp.18-19.

[14]. Sahu, P. and Kumar, R. (2013). Survey of demand fluctuation of dairy products at Raipur Dugdh Sangh, Chhattisgarh, India for selection of appropriate forecasting. Growing Science, Uncertainty Supply Chain Management, 1(3), pp.133-144.

[15]. Sahu, P. and Kumar, R. (2013). Demand forecasting for sales of milk product (Paneer) in Chhattisgarh, International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences, 1(9), pp.10-13.

[16]. Taylor, J. W., et al., (2003). “Exponential smoothing with a damped multiplicative trend”, International Journal of Forecasting, Vol. 19, pp. 715-725.

i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 4 August - October 2013

Axisymmetric Thermal Analysis of Rotor Disc of a Friction Brake Assembly Using Finite Difference Method

Pushkaraj Bhandari* , Abhishek Kanaskar**, Ravindra Tamhankar***, Uday Phadke****

*-**** Fluid Power Group, R&DE(E), DRDO, Pune, India.

Bhandari, P., Kanaskar, A., Tamhankar, R., & Phadke, U. (2013). Axisymmetric Thermal Analysis of Rotor Disc of a Friction Brake Assembly Using Finite Difference Method. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2482

Abstract

References

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Utilizing Merry-Go-Round Wheel To Pump Water In The Park

M. Chandra Sekhar* , P. Nanda Kumar**, P. S. Ravi Kumar***

Sekhar, M. C., Kumar, P. N., & Kumar, P. R. (2013). Utilizing Merry-Go-Round Wheel to Pump Water in the Park. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2483

Abstract

References

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Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Diffuser using Vortex Generators Placed on the Side Wall

Ghobad Shafiei Sabet* , S. Pavithran**, R. R. Kulkarni***

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, India. **-*** Department of Mechanical Engineering,Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India.

Sabet, G. S., Pavithran, S., & Kulkarni, R. R. (2013). Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Diffuser using Vortex Generators Placed on the Side Wall. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2484

Abstract

References

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Determination of Power of High Pressure Steam Turbine Blading Using CFD Analysis

Dr.M. Sivarama* , P. Nanda Kumar**, P. S. Ravi Kumar***

Krishnaiah, M. S., Kumar, P. N., & Kumar, P. R. (2013). Determination of Power of High Pressure Steam Turbine Blading Using CFD Analysis. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2485

Abstract

References

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Determination of Exponential Smoothing Constant for Demand Forecasting of Milk Product (Paneer) in Chhattisgarh, India

Pradeep Kumar Sahu*

*Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh (India).

Sahu, P. (2013). Determination of Exponential Smoothing Constant For Demand Forecasting of Milk Product (Paneer) in Chhattisgarh, India. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 3(4), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.3.4.2486

Abstract

References

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Pushkaraj Bhandari* , Abhishek Kanaskar, Ravindra Tamhankar*, Uday Phadke****

M. Chandra Sekhar* , P. Nanda Kumar, P. S. Ravi Kumar*

Ghobad Shafiei Sabet* , S. Pavithran, R. R. Kulkarni*

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, India.

-* Department of Mechanical Engineering,Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India.

Dr.M. Sivarama* , P. Nanda Kumar, P. S. Ravi Kumar*