The Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Current Progress and Future Prospects

David McArthur*, Mattthew Lewis**, Miriam Bishay***
Rand 1700 Main St ,Santa Monica ,CA 90407-2138
Periodicity:January - March'2005
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jet.1.4.972

Abstract

This paper summarizes the current applications of ideas from Artificial Intelligence (AI) to education. It then used that summary to paper various future applications of AI, and advanced technology in general to education. As well as highlighting problems that will confront the wide-scale implementation of these technologies in the classroom.

Keywords

Classroom, Technology, Artificial Intelligence.

How to Cite this Article?

David McArthur, Matthew Lewis, and Miriam Bishary (2005). The Roles of Artificial Intelligence In Education: Current Progress and Future Prospects. i-manager’s Journal of Educational Technology, 1(4), 42-80. https://doi.org/10.26634/jet.1.4.972

References

[1].Anderson, J.R. (1983). The Architecture cf Cognition. Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press
[2].Anderson, J.R., Boyle, D.F, and Reiser, B.J. (1985). IntelligentTutoring Systems, Science Vol. 228,pp. 456-462.
[3].Anderson, J.R., Boyle, D.F., Farrell, R, and Reiser, B.J. (1987). Cognitive principles in the design of design of computer tutors. In P Morris(Ed.), Modellng Cognition, Wiley.
[4].Anderson, J., Boyle, D .F., and Yost, G. (1985). The geometry tutor. Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Canference on Artific!aI Intelligence.
[5].Anderson, J. R., and Skwarecki, E. (1986).The automated tutoring of introductory computer programming Communications of the ACM, Val. 29, 9, 842-849.
[6].Ausubel, D. R (1961).Learning by discovery: Rationale and mystique. Association of Secondary School Principals, 45, 18-58.
[7].Berman, S. and McLaughlin, M. (1978). Federal Programs Supporting Educational Change.' Vol. VIII, implementing and Sustaining Innovations, The RAND Corporation, R- 1589/8-HEW
[8].Bevis, E, and Kass, A. (1991).Teaching by Means of Social simulation In Praceedlngs of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston,pp. 45-51.
[9].Bloom, B. S. (1984). The 2 Sigma Problem.' The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring Educational Researcher, 13, 6, June/JuIy
[10].sonar, J. (1991). Interface architectures far Intelligent tutoring systems. In H. Burns, J. Par/elf, & C. Luckhardt Redfleld (Eds.), Intelligent Tutorlng Systems: Evalut!ans In Design. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[11].Brown, J. S., and Burton, R. R. (I 97B). Diagnostic models for procedural bugs in basic mathematical skills. Cognitive Science, 2, 155-192.
[12].Brown, J. S., Burton, R. R., and de kleer, J. (1982). Pedagogical, natural language and knowledge engineering and pedagogical techniques In SOPHIE I, II, and III. In D. H. Sleeman & J. S. Brown (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems(pp. 227-282}. NewYork: Academic Press.
[13].Brown, J.S. and Duguid, R (1993). Stolen knowledge. Educational Technology,March, 1993. Brown, S. I. and Walter, M. I. (1990). Problem Posing Lawrence Erlbaum..HiIIsdaIe NJ.
[14].Bruneau, J. Chambreuil, A., Chambreuil, M, Chanier, M, Dulin, R Latin and Nehemie, R (1991). Cognitive science, artificial Intelligence, new technologies.' How to cooperate for a computer-assisted learning to read system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, II.
[15].Bruner, J. S. (1961). The act of discovery Harvard Educational Review, 31(1), 21-32.
[16].Burns, B., Gray, W D., Radlinkski, E. R. (1991). Tuning the ideal student model: rewards and intelligent editing of ITS madels. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, II.
[17].Burton, R. R., and Brown, J. S. (1982). An investigation of computer coaching In D. H. Sleeman & J. S. Brown (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp. 79-98). New York: Academic Press.
[18].Clancey, WJ. (1987). Knowledge-based tutoring The GUIDON program Cambridge,MA:The MIT Press.
[19].Cohen, D. K. (1988). Educational technology and school organization In R. S. Nickerson & P P Zodhiates (Eds.), Technology In Education.' Looking Toward 2020 (pp. 231- 264). Hillsdale,NJ: Erlbaum.
[20].Collins, A. ( I 991). The role of technology in restructuring schools. Phi Delta Kappan, September, 28-36.
[21].Collins, A., and Brown J.S. (1987). The computer as a tool for learning through reflection. In H. Mandi and A. Lesgold (Eds.), Learning issues for intelligent tutoring systems. New York:Springer-Verlag
[22].Collins, A., J. S. Brown, and S. E. Newman (1988). Cagnitive apprenticeshlp.' Teaching the craft of reading, writing, and mathematics. In L.B. Resnick(Ed.), Cognition and Instruction.' Issues and Agendas. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[23].Cooper, E. W (1991). An architecture for apprenticeship: Collaboration with an intelligent tutoring system for qualitative electrical troubleshooting In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, II.
[24].Cuban, L. (1986). Teachers and machines. New York: Teachers College Press.
[25].Cuban, L. (1993). Computers meet the classroom; Classroom wins. Education Week November 11, pp26-27. Davis, R. ( I 991). Constructivist views an the teaching and learning af mathematics, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, Monograph 4, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
[26].deKleer, J. and Brown, J. S. (1984). A physics based on confluences. Artificial Intelligence, 24, pp 7-83.
[27].Du, Z., and McCalla, G. (1991). CBMIP - A case-based mathematics Instructional planner. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sclences, Evanston,ll.
[28].Elsom-Cook, M., (ed.) (1990). Guided Discovery Tutoring A Framework for ICAI Research. London.. Paul Chapman Publishing
[29].Feifer, R. G. (1989). An intelligent tutoring system approach to teaching people how to learn. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society Ann Arbor, Michigan.
[30].Feifer, R. and Soclof, M. (1991). Knowledge-based tutoring systems: Changing the focus from learner modeling to teaching. In Proceedlngs of the International Conference on theLearning Sclences, Evanston, II.
[31].Fischer, G. (1991). Supporting Learning on Demand with Design Environments. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, pp. 165-171.
[32].Fischer, G., Lemke, A., and Schwab, T. (1985). Knowledge-based Help Systems. Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHl 1985 Conference Proceedings, SanFrancisco, pp. 161-167, NewYork: ACM.
[33].Fischer, G., Lemke, A., and McCall, R. (1990). Towards a system architecture supporting contextualized learnlng Proceedings of AAAl-90, pp. 420-425, Cambridge MA,. AAA\ Press/MIT Press.
[34].Foss, C. (1987). Acquisition of error management skilIs. Third International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education, pp. 27.
[35].Forbus, K (1984). Qualitative process theory Artificial Intelligence, 24, pp85-168.
[36].Forbus, K. (1991). Towards tutor compilers.' Self- explanatory simulations as an enabling technology in Proceedings of the international Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, II.
[37].Frederiksen, C., Donin, J., DeCary, M., and Edmond, B. (1991). Discourse-based second-language learning environments. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, ll,
[38].Frederiksen, J., White, B, Collins, A. Eggan, G. (1988). Intelligent Tutoring systems for electronic troubleshooting In J. Psotka, D. Massey, and S. Mutter. Intelligent Tutoring Systems..Lessons Learned HIIIsdaIe NJ:Lawrence Eribaum.
[39].Geertz, C. (1973).The interpretation of Cultures. NewYork: Basic Books.
[39].Geertz, C. (1973).Theinterpretation of Cultures. NewYork: Basic Books.
[41].Harel, I. and Papert, S. (1990). Software Design as a Learning Environment Interactive Learning Environments, 1(1), 1-33.
[42].Hunter, B. (1993). Internetworklng.. Coordinating technology for systemic reform. Communications of the ACM, 36(5), pp. 42-46.
[43].Kass, A. (1990).Are electronic tutors really what we want to build? American Association for ArtificiaI Intelligence Spring Symposium on Knowledge-based Environments for Learning and Teaching, Stanford University.
[44].Kass, A. and Guralnick, D. (1991). Environments for Incidental Learning: Taking Road Trips Instead of Memorizing State Capitals. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, p. 258-264}.
[45].Lakatos, I. (1976) Proofs and Refutations. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[46].Larkin, J., H., McDermott, J., Simon, D. R, and Simon, H. A. (1980). Expert and novice performance in solving physics problems. Science, 208 1335-1342.
[47].Lave, J. (1988). Cognition in Practice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
[48].Lawrence, E. (1970). The Origins and Growth of Modern Education, Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books.
[49].Leinhardt, G. (1989). Math lessons: A contrast of novice and expert competence. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 20(1), 52-75.
[50].Lewis, M, Bishay, M., McArthur, D. (1993). Supporting Discovery Learning in Mathematics:Design and Analysis of an Exploration Environment and inquiry Activities. Submitted to lnstructional Science.
[51].Lewis, M., Bishay, M., and McArthur, D. (1993b). The Macrostructure and Microstructure of Inquiry Activities. Evidence from Students using a Microworld for Mathematical Discovery Proceedings of the World Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education, Edinburgh,August.
[52].Lewis, M., McArthur, D., Bishay, M., and Chou, J. (1992). Object-Oriented Microworlds for Learning Mathematics through Inquiry: Preliminary Results and Directions. Proceedings of the East-West Conference on Emerging Computer Technoiogies in Education, Moscow April.
[53]Lewis, M. W, McArthur, D., Stasz, C., ond Zmuidzinas, M. (1990). Discovery-based Tutoring in mathematics. Paper presented at the American Association for Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium on Knowledge-based Environments for Learning and Teaching, Stanford University March.
[54].Lesgold, A. M., Lojoie, S. R, Bunzo, M., ond Eggan, G. (1993). SHERLOCK' A coached practice environment for an electronics troubleshooting job.In J. Larkin, R. Chabay & C. Scheftic (Eds.}, Computer assisted instruction and intelligent tutoring systems: Establishing communication and collaboration. Hillsdale, NJ.' Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[55]Lesgold, A., Eggon, G., Katz, S., ond Rao, G. (in press) Possibilities for Assessment Using Computer-Based Apprenticeship Environments. To appear in W Regian and V Shute {Eds.}, Cognitive approaches to automated Instruction. HilIsdaIe, NJ.' Erlbaum.
[56]Lester, J. C. ond Porter, B. W (1991). A student-sensitive discourse generator In Proceedings of the Intemational Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, l1.
[57]London, B., and Clancey, W J. (1982). Plan recognition strategies in student modeling: Prediction and description. In Proceedings of the 1982 National Conference on Artificial lntelligence,(pp. 335-338).
[58].Matz, M. (1982). Towards a process model for high school algebra errors, In D. H. Sleeman & J. S. Brown (Eds.}, lntelligent Tutoring Systems NewYork: Academic Press.
[59].McArthur, D. ond Lewis, M. (1991). Overview of object- oriented microworlds for learning mathematics through Inquiry N-3242-NSF, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.
[60].McArthur, D. and Lewis, M. (1991b). Overview of object- oriented microworlds for learning mathematics through Inquiry Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, I1.
[61].McArthur, D., Lewis, M. W , Ormseth, T., Robyn, A., Stasz, C., ond Voreck, D. (1989). Algebraic thinking tools: Supports for modeling situations and solving problems in kids' worlds. Technology and Learning, 3(2).
[62].McArfhur, D., Robyn, A., Lewis, M. ond Bishay, M. (1992). Designing new curricula for mathematics: A case-study of computer-based statistics In high school. RAND WD-5930-ED.
[63].McArthur, D., ond Stasz, C. (1990). An intelligent tutor for basic algebra. R-3811-NSE RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.
[64].McArthur, D., Sfasz, C., Hotta, J., Peter, 0., ond Burdorf, C. (1988). Skll/-oriented task sequencing in an intelligent tutor for basic algebra. lnstructional Science, 17, 281-307.
[65].McArthur, D., Stasz, C., and Zmuidzinas, M. (1990). Tutoring techniques in algebra. Cognition and Instruction, 7(3), 197-244.
[66].Merrill, D. C., Reiser, B. J., Romney, M., ond Tafton, J. G. (1992). Effective tutorlng techniques: A comparison of human tutors and Intelligent tutoring systems. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2{3}, 277-306
[67].National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1989). Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics. Reston, VA.' NCTM.
[68].National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1991). Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics. Reston, VA.' NCTM.
[69].Newell, A., ond Simon, H.A. (1972). Human Problem Solving Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
[70].Ohlsson, S. (1986). Some principles of intelligent tutoring Instructional Science, 14,293-326.
[71].Ohlsson, S. (1991).System hacking meets learning theory: Reflections on the goals and standards of research in artificial intelligence and education. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, 2 {3}, 5-18.
[72].OSTP (1992). Grand Challenges: High Performance Computing and Communications. The Committee on Physical, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C.
[73].Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms.' Children, Computers and Powerful ldeas. Basic Books.' NewYork.
[74].Papert, S. (1993).The Childrens' Machine NewYork: Basic Books.
[75].Papert, S. ond Harel I. (1991). Constructionism, Norwood NJ: AblexPublishing
[76].Pea, R. (1987). Cognitive technologies for mathematics education. In Schoenfeld, A.H (Ed,}, Cognitive Science and Mathematics Education, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[77].Peitgen, H., Jurgens, H, ond D. Saupe (1991). Fractals for the Classroom. NewYork: Springer-Verlag. Polya, G. (1962). Mathematical Discovery NewYork: John Wiley and Sons.
[78].Psotka, J, Massey, D., and Mutter, S. (1988). Inteillgent Tutoring Systems.. Lessons Learned. Hllisdale NJ.' Lawrence Erlbaum.
[79].Putnam, R.T. (1987). Structuring and adjusting content for students: A study of live and simulated tutoring of addition, American Educational Research Journal, 24 (1}, pp. 13- 48,
[80].Raghavan, K., Schultz, J., Glaser, R., and Schauble, L. (1989). A computer coach for inquiry skills. Pittsburgh, PA.' Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh.
[81].Resnick, L. B. (1987). Education and Learning to Think. Washington D. C.: National Academy Press.
[82.Resnick, M. (1991). Overcoming the centralized mindset: Towards an understanding of emergent phenomena. in S. Papert and l. Harel (Eds.), Constructionism, Norwood NJ.. Ablex Publishing.
[83].Robyn, A., Stasz, C., Ormseth, T., and McArthur, D. (1989). Implementing computer-assisted instruction in first-year algebra classes. Paper presented at the American Education Research Association National Conference, San Francisco, April.
[84].Robyn, A., Stasz, C., McArthur, D., Ormseth, T., and Lewis, M. W (1992). Implementing a novel computer- related algebra course.RANDN-3326-NSF/RC.
[85].Roschelle, J. (in press). Learning by collaboration. Convergent conceptual change. Journal of the Learning Sciences.
[86].Scardamalia, M, and Bereiter, C. (1993). Technologies for knowledge-building discourse. Communications of the ACM 36(5}, pp. 37-41.
[87].Schank, R. and Edeison, D. (1990). A role for Al in education,` Using technology to reshape education. Journal of Artificial Inteiligence in Education, 1(2), 3-20.
[88].Schoenfeld, A.H. (1985). Mathematical Problem Solving NewYork: Academic Press. Schofield, J. W., Evans-Rhodes, D, and Huber, B. R. (1990). Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom.' The impact of a Computer-based Tutor on Teachers and Students, Social Science Computer Review, 8(1}, 24-41.
[89].Shute, V., and Bonar, J. (1988). Intelligent tutoring systems for scientific Inquiry skills. Unpublished manuscript LRDC.
[90].Shute, V., and Glaser, R. (1990). Large-scale evaluation of an intelligent discovery world: SMlTHTOWN. Interactive Learning Environments, 1, 51-77.
[91]Shute, V., Glaser, R., and Raghavan, K. (1988). inference and discovery in an experimental laboratory. Tech. Rep. LRDC.
[92]Sleeman, D.H., and Smith M.J. (1981). Modeling Students Problem Solving, Artificial intelligence, 16, pp. 171-188.
[93]Sleeman, D. and Brown, J. S. (1982). Intelligent Tutoring Systems NewYork: Academic Press.
[94].Steen, L. A. (1988). The science of patterns. Science, 240, 611-616.
[95].Steen, L. A. (1990). On the Shoulders of Giants, Washington DC: National Academy Press.
[96]Swanson, J. (1990). The effectiveness of tutorial strategies.' An experimental evaluation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston MA, April.
[97].Wenger, E. (1987). Artificial intelligence and Tutoring Systems. Los Altos CA.' Morgan and Kaufmann.
[98].White, B.Y., and Frederiksen, J.R. (1986). Qualitative models and intelligent learning environments. In Lawler, R., & Yazdani, M. (Eds.} (1987}. Artificial Intelligence and Education.' Learning Environments and Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Norwood NJ: Ablex.
[99].Woolf, B. (1991). Representing, acquiring, and reasoning about tutoring knowledge. in H. Burns, J. Parlett, & C. Luckhardt Redfield (Eds.}, intelllgent Tutoring Systems.' Evolutions In Design. Hillsdale NJ.' Lawrence Erlbaum.
[100].Zuboff, S. (1988). In the Age of the Smart Machine.' The Future of Workand Power, Basic Books.
If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

North Americas,UK,
Middle East,Europe
India Rest of world
USD EUR INR USD-ROW
Online 15 15

Options for accessing this content:
  • If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
    Library Recommendation Form
  • If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
  • New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.