References
[1]. A. Kundu, and Y. He, (1991). “On optimal order in
modeling sequence of letters in words of common
language as a Markov chain”. Pattern Recognit., Vol.24,
No.7, pp.603-608.
[2]. Anoop M. Namboodiri, and Anil K. Jain, (2004).
“Online Handwritten Script Recognition”. IEEE Transactions
on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.26,
No.1.
[3]. Anil K. Jain, Robert P.W. Duin, and Jianchang Mao,
(2000). “Statistical Pattern Recognition: A Review”. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, Vol.22, No.1, pp.4-37.
[4]. Arjun Singh, and Kansham Angphun Maring, (2015).
“Handwritten Devanagari Character Recognition using
SVM and ANN”. International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 123-128.
[5]. Anshul Gupta, Manisha Srivastava, and Chitralekha
Mahanta, (2011). “Offline Handwritten Character
Recognition Using Neural Network”. IEEE (ICCAIE), pp. 102-
107.
[6]. B. Hari Kumar, Y.E. Vasanth Kumar and Mohammad
Shaffi, (2014). “Optical character recognition using Split
Profile Algorithm”. International Journal of Advanced
Engineering and Global Technology, Vol.2, No.12.
[7]. Brijmohan Singh, Ankush Mittal, M.A. Ansari and
Debashis Ghosh, (2011). “Handwritten Devanagari Word
Recognition: A Curvelet Transform Based Approach”.
IJCSE, Vol.3, No. 4, pp. 1658- 1665.
[8]. Chanchal Bansal, and Arif Khan, (2014). “Handwritten
Numeral Recognition using SVM and Chain Code”.
IJARET, Vol.2, No.7.
[9]. C.Y. Suen, M. Berthod, and S. Mori, (1980). “Automatic
recognition of handprinted characters—The state of the
art”. Proc. IEEE, Vol.68, pp.469-487.
[10]. C. V. Jawahar, M. N. S. S. K. Pavan Kumar and S. S.
Ravi Kiran, (2003). “A Bilingual OCR for Hindi-Telugu
Documents and its Applications”. Seventh International
Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
(ICDAR).
[11]. Deepa Berchmans, and S.S. Kumar, (2014). “Optical
Character Recognition: An Overview and an Insight”.
IEEE, International Conference on Control,
Instrumentation, Communication and Computational
Technologies (ICCICCT), pp. 1361-1365.
[12]. Divakar Yadav, Sonia Sánchez-Cuadrado and
Jorge Morato, (2013). “Optical Character Recognition for
Hindi Language Using a Neural-network Approach”.
Journal of Information Processing Systems, Vol.9, No.1,
pp.117-140.
[13]. Gaurav Y. Tawde, (2014). “Optical Character
Recognition for Isolated Offline Handwritten Devanagari
Numerals Using Wavelets”. Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications, Vol.4, No.2.
[14]. H. Cheng, W. H. Hsu, and M. C. Kuo, (1993).
“Recognition of handprinted Chinese characters via stroke
relaxation”. Pattern Recognit., Vol.26, No.4, pp.579-593.
[15]. I.S. Oh and C. Y. Suen, (1998). “Distance features for
neural network-based recognition of handwritten
characters”. Int. J. Document Anal.Recognit., Vol.1, No.2,
pp.73-88.
[16]. J. Rocha and T. Pavlidis, (1994). “A shape analysis
model”. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., Vol.16,
pp.394-404.
[17]. J. Kitler, (1986). “Feature selection and extraction”. In
Handbook of Pattern Recognition and Image Processing.
T. Young and K. Fu, Eds, NewYork: Academic, pp.59-83.
[18]. J. Hu, and T. Pavlidis, (1996). “A Hierarchical
Approach to Efficient Curvilinear Object Searching”.
Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol.63,
No.2, pp.208-220.
[19]. K. Y. Rajput and Sangeeta Mishra, “Recognition and
Editing of Devnagari Handwriting Using Neural Network”.
SPIT-IEEE Colloquium and Intl. Conference, Mumbai,
India.
[20]. K. Chung and J. Yoon, (1997). “Performance
comparison of several feature selection methods based
on node pruning in handwritten character recognition”. In
Proc. 4 Int. Conf. Document Anal. Recognit., Ulm,
Germany, pp.11-15.
[21]. K. Wang, Y.Y. Tang, and C.Y. Suen, (1988). “Multilayer
projections for the classification of similar Chinese
characters”. In Proc. 9 Int. Conf. Pattern Recognit.,
pp.842-844.
[22]. K.T. Miura, R. Sato, and S. Mori, (1997). “A method of
extracting curvature features and its application to
handwritten character recognition”. In Proc. 4 Int. Conf.
Document Anal. Recognit., Ulm, Germany, pp.450-454.
[23]. M.D. Garris, et al., (1994). “NIST form based
handprinted recognition system”. Nat. Inst. Standard Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, Tech. Rep. NISTIR 546 920 899.
[24]. M. Egmont-Petersen, and D. De Ridder, H. Handels,
(2002). “Image Processing with Neural Networks: A
Review”. Pattern Recognition, Vol.35, pp.2279-2301.
[25]. M. Hamanaka, K. Yamada, and J. Tsukumo, (1993).
“On-Line Japanese Character Recognition Experiments
by an Off-Line Method Based on Normalization
cooperated Feature Extraction”. In Proc. 3 ICDAR,
pp.204- 207.
[26]. M.K. Brown and S. Ganapathy, (1983). “Preprocessing
techniques for cursive script word recognition”. Pattern
Recognit., Vol.16, No.5, pp.447-458.
[27]. Munish Kumar, M.K. Jindal and R. K. Sharma, (2011).
“k -Nearest Neighbor Based Offline Handwritten Gurmukhi
Character Recognition”. IEEE ICIIP.
[28]. Mohamed Cheriet, Nawwaf Kharma, and Cheng-
Lin Liu, Ching Y. Suen, (2007). Character Recognition
Systems. A Guide for Students and Practioners. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.
[29]. Malakar, Samir, et al., (2012). “Text line extraction
from handwritten document pages using spiral run length
smearing algorithm”. Communications, Devices and
Intelligent Systems (CODIS), International Conference on,
IEEE.
[30]. M N S S K Pavan Kumar, S S Ravikiran, Abhishek
Nayani, C V Jawahar and P J Narayanan, (2003). “Tools
for Developing OCRs for Indian Scripts”.Computer Vision
and Pattern Recognition Workshop, 2003, CVPRW’03,
Conf. on, IEEE, Vol. 3, pp. 33.
[31]. Monica Patel, and Shital P. Thakkar, (2015).
“Handwritten Character Recognition in English: A Survey”.
International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol.4,
No.2.
[32]. Mohammad Abu Obaida, Md. Jakir Hossain,
Momotaz Begum and Md. Shahin Alam, (2011).
“Multilingual OCR (MOCR): An Approach to Classify Words
to Languages”. International Journal of Computer
Applications, Vol.32, No.1.
[33]. Nabin. Sharma, U. Pal, F. Kimura, and S. Pal, (2006). “Recognition of Off-Line Handwritten Devnagari
Characters Using Quadratic Classifier”. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin Heidelberg ICVGIP, LNCS 4338, pp.805-816.
[34]. Nafiz Arica, and Fatos T. Yarman-Vural, (2001). “An
Overview of Character Recognition Focused on Off-Line
Handwriting”. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and
Cybernetics—Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol.31,
No.2.
[35]. N. Otsu, (1979). “A threshold selection method from
gray-level histograms”. IEEE Transactions on Systems,
Man, and Cybernetics SMC, Vol.9(1), pp.62-66.
[36]. N. Arica and F.T. Yarman-Vural, (2000). “One
dimensional representation of two dimensional
information for HMM based handwritten recognition”.
Pattern Recognit. Lett., Vol.21, No.6-7, pp.583-592.
[37]. Nafiz Arica, (1998). “An Offline Character
Recognition System for Free Style Handwriting”. (Doctorial
Dissertation), The Middle East Technical University.
[38]. Ohhira T., Pecharanin N., Taguchi A., Iijima, N.,
Akima, Y., and Sone, M., (1995). “Chinese character
recognition by the auto recognition system”. IEEE
International Conference on Neural Networks, Vol.5,
pp.2222-2225.
[39]. Paul W. Handel, (1993). Statistical Machine. U.S.
Patent 1915993, Retrieved From http://www.google.com/
patents? vid=USPAT1915993.
[40]. P.S. Deshpande Latesh Malik, and Sandhya Arora,
(2007). “Recognition of Handwritten Devanagari
Characters with Percentage Component Regular
Expression Matching and Classification Tree”. TENCON
2007-2007, IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp.1-4.
[41]. P.D. Gader and M. A. Khabou, (1996). “Automatic
feature generation for handwritten digit recognition”. IEEE
Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., Vol.18, pp.1256-1262.
[42]. R.J. Ramteke, and S.C. Mehrotra, (2008).
“Recognition of Handwritten Devnagari Numerals”.
International Journal of Computer Processing of Oriental
Languages.
[43]. Rekha Singh, (2014). “Character Recognition for Bi-
Lingual Mixed-type Characters using Artificial Neural Network”. IJRET: International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, Special Issue.10.
[44]. S.S. Wang, P.C. Chen, and W.G. Lin, (1994). “Invariant
pattern recognition by moment Fourier descriptor”.
Pattern Recognit., Vol.27, pp.1735-1742.
[45]. S. Madhvanath and V. Govindaraju, (1999).
“Reference lines for holistic recognition of handwritten
words”. Pattern Recognit., Vol.32, No.12, pp.2021-2028.
[46]. S. Madhvanath, G. Kim, and V. Govindaraju, (1999).
“Chaincode contour processing for handwritten word
recognition”. IEEE Pattern. Anal. Machine Intell., Vol.21,
pp.928-932.
[47]. S. Madhvanath, E. Kleinberg, V. Govindaraju, and S.
N. Srihari, (1997). “The HOVER system for rapid holistic
verification of off-line handwritten phrases”. In Proc. 4 Int.
Conf. Document Anal. Recognit., Ulm, Germany, pp.855-
890.
[48]. S.W. Lee and Y.J. Kim, (1995). “Direct extraction of
topographic features for gray-scale character
recognition”. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell.,
Vol.17, pp.724-729.
[49]. Sandhya Arora, et al., (2010). “Performance
Comparison of SVM and ANN for Handwritten Devanagari
Character Recognition”. IJCSI International Journal of
Computer Science Issues, Vol.7, No.3.
[50]. Sandhya Arora, Debotosh Bhattacharjee, Mita
Nasipuri, D. K. Basu and M. Kundu, (n.d.). “ Recognition
of Non-Compound Handwritten Devanagari Characters
using a Combination of MLP and Minimum Edit Distance”.
International Journal of Computer Science and Security
(IJCSS), Vol.4, No.1, pp.107-120.
[51]. Shailedra Kumar Shrivastava, and Sanjay S.
Gharde, (2010). “Support Vector Machine for Handwritten
Devanagari Numeral Recognition”. International Journal
of Computer Applications, Vol.7, No.11.
[52]. Sung-Bae Cho, (2002). Fusion of Neural Networks
with Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm. IOS Press,
pp.363-372.
[53]. Sanjay Chandra Arya, Rajesh Shyam Singh and
Hardwari Lal Mandoria, (2015). “Image Denoising in Hand Written Document for Degraded Documents using
Wiener Filter Algorithm”. International Journal for
Research in Emerging Science and Technology, Vol.2,
No.7.
[54]. Satish Kumar, (2009). “Per formance and
Comparison of Features on Devanagari Hand-printed
Dataset,” Inlt. Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering,
Vol.1, No.2.
[55]. Sandhya Arora, Debotosh Bhattacharjee, Mita
Nasipuri, M. Kundu and D. K. Basu and L. Malik, (2010).
“Handwritten Devanagari Numeral Recognition using SVM
& ANN”. IJCSE40, Vol.1, No.2.
[56]. I.K. Sethi and B. Chatterjee, (1976). “Machine
Recognition of hand printed Devanagri numerals”. J. Inst.
Electron Telecommun, Engg, pp. 532-535.
[57]. Saurabh Farkya, Govinda Surampudi, and Ashwin
Kothari, (2015). “Hindi Speech Synthesis by
concatenation of recognized Hand written Devanagri
Script using Support Vector Machines Classifier”. IEEE
ICCSP Conference.
[58]. R.M.K. Sinha, and H.N. Mahabala, (1979). “Machine
Recognition of Devanagri Script. IEEE Trans. System. Man
Cybern, pp. 435-441.
[59]. Tapan K Bhowmik, Swapan K Parui Utpal Roy, (2008).
“Discriminative HMM Training with GA for Handwritten Word
Recognition”. IEEE.
[60]. Teena Mittal, and Rajendra Kumar Sharma, (2015).
“Multiclass SVM based Spoken Hindi Numerals
Recognition”. International Arab Journal of Information
Technology, Vol.12, No.6A.
[61]. Umapada Pal, Sukalpa Chanda Tetsushi,
Wakabayashi, and Fumitaka Kimura, (n.d.). “Accuracy
Improvement of Devnagari Character Recognition
Combining SVM and MQDF”.
[62]. U. Pal, T. Wakabayashi, and F. Kimura, (2009).
“Comparative Study of Devnagari Handwritten Character
Recognition using Different Feature and Classifiers”. 10
Intl. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition,
pp.1111-1115.
[63]. Vikas J Dongre, and Vijay H Mankar, (2010). “A Review of Research on Devnagari Character
Recognition”. International Journal of Computer
Applications, Vol.12, No.2, pp.0975- 8887.
[64]. Vijay Laxmi Sahu, and Babita Kubde, (2013). “Offline
Handwritten Character Recognition Techniques using
Neural Network: A Review”. International Journal of
Science and Research (IJSR), Vol.2, Issue.1.
[65]. W. Lu, Y. Ren, and C. Y. Suen, (1991). “Hierarchical
attributed graph representation and recognition of
handwritten chinese characters”. Pattern Recognit.,
Vol.24, No.7, pp.617-632.
[66]. W.Y. Kim and P. Yuan, (1994). “A practical pattern
recognition system for translation, scale and rotation
invariance”. In Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Vis.Pattern
Recognit., Seattle, WA.
[67]. X. Li, W. Oh, J. Hong, and W. Gao, (1997).
“Recognizing components of handwritten characters by
attributed relational graphs with stable features”. In Proc.
4th Int. Conf. Document Anal. Recognit., pp.616-620.
[68]. X. Zhu, Y. Shi, and S. Wang, (1999). “A new algorithm
of connected character image based on Fourier
transform”. In Proc. 5th Int. Conf. DocumentAnal. Recognit., Bangalore, India, pp.788-791.
[69]. Y. Tao and Y. Y. Tang, (1999). “The feature extraction
of Chinese character based on contour information”. In
Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Document Anal.Recognit., Bangalore,
India, pp.637-640.
[70]. Y. C. Chim, A. A. Kassim, and Y. Ibrahim, (1999).
“Character recognition using statistical moments”.
Image Vis. Comput., Vol.17, pp.299-307.
[71]. D. Trier, A.K. Jain, and T. Taxt, (1996). “Feature
extraction method for character recognition—A survey”.
Pattern Recognit., Vol.29, No.4, pp.641-662.
[72]. (1995). “Multiresolutional recognition of handwritten
numerals with wavelet transform and multilayer cluster
rd neural network”. In Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Document Anal.
Recognit., Montreal, QC, Canada, pp.1010-1014.
[73]. D. Guillevic and C.Y. Suen,(1998). “Recognition of
legal amounts on bank cheques”. Pattern Anal.
Applicat., Vol.1, No.1, pp.28- 41.
[74]. (1998). “HMM–KNN word recognition engine for bank
cheque processing”. In Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Pattern
Recognit., Brisbane, Australia, pp.1526-1529.