References
[1]. Adel, A. (2006). Metadiscourse in L1 and L2 English.
Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
[2]. Ahour, T., & Maleki, S.E. (2014). “The effect of
metadiscourse instruction on Iranian EFL learners speaking
ability”. English Language Teaching, Vol.7(10), pp.69-75.
[3]. Alotaibi, H. (2015). “Metadiscourse in Arabic and
English article abstracts”. World Journal of English
Language, Vol.5(2), pp.1-8.
[4]. Alshahrani, A.A.S. (2015). “A cross-linguistic analysis of
interactive metadiscourse devices employment in native
English and Arab ESL academic writings”. Theory and
Practice in Language Studies, Vol.5(8), pp.1435-1542.
[5]. Al-Qahtani, A. (2005). “A contrastive rhetoric study of
Arabic and English Research Article Introductions”.
Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Oklahoma State
University, Stillwater.
[6]. Behnam, B., & Mirzapour, F. (2012). “Comparative study
of intensity markers in engineering and applied linguistics”.
English Language Teaching, Vol.5(7), pp.158-163.
[7]. Behnam, B., & Roohi, E. (2012). “The use of textual and
interpersonal metadiscourse across disciplinar y
communities”. Modern Journal of Language Teaching
Methods, Vol.2(1), pp.23-33.
[8]. Brylko, A. (2002). “Cognitive structuring of criminal
appeal cases in Philippine and American English”.
Philippine Journal of Linguistics, Vol.33(2), pp.39-51.
[9]. Btoosh, M. A., & Taweel, A. Q. (2011). “Contrastive
rhetoric: Inflation, verbal voices and polyphonic visibility in
learners and native speakers' academic writing”. The Asian
EFL Journal Quarterly, Vol.13, pp.205–228.
[10]. Connor, U. (1984). “Argumentative patterns in student
essays: Cross-cultural differences”. In Jan de Haes and Jos
Nivette (Eds.), AILA Brussels 84 Proceedings, Vol.2, pp.541-
542.
[11]. Connor, U. & Lauer, J. (1985). “Understanding
persuasive essay writing: Linguistic/rhetorical approach”.
Text, Vol.5(4), pp.309-326.
[12]. Crismore, A., Markkanen, R., & Steffensen, M.S.
(1993). “Metadiscourse in persuasive writing: A study of texts
written by American and Finnish university students”. Written
Communication, Vol.10(1), pp.39-71.
[13]. Davaei, R., & Karbalaei, A. (2013). “Interpersonal
metadiscourse in compositions written by Iranian ESP
students”. European Online Journal of Natural and Social
Sciences, Vol.2(2), pp.291-300.
[14]. Elahi, M., & Badeleh, M.T. (2013). “A contrastive study
on transitional markers in English language teaching
research articles written by English and Persian academic
writers”. Journal of Language Teaching and Research,
Vol.4(4), pp.839-844.
[15]. Halliday, M.A.K. (1994). An Introduction to Functional
Grammar (2nd ed). London: Edward Arnold.
[16]. Han, X. (2013). “A contrastive study of Chinese and
British English request strategies based on open role-play”.
Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol.4(5),
pp.1098-1105.
[17]. Hinds, J. (1983). Contrastive Rhetoric: Japanese and
English. Text, Vol.3(2), pp.183-195.
[18]. Hunston, S., & Thompson, G. (Eds.). (2001a).
Evaluation in Text. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[19]. Hyland, K. (2005). Metadiscourse: Exploring
Interaction in Writing. London Continuum.
[20]. Hyland, K. (2004). “Disciplinary interactions:
Metadiscourse in L2 postgraduate writing”. Journal of
Second Language Writing, Vol. 13, pp. 133-151.
[21]. Genuino, C.F. (2002). “Cohesion: A revelation of
cultural practices”. Philippine Journal of Linguistics,
Vol.33(2), pp.1-17.
[22]. Ghadyani, F., & Tahririan, M.H. (2015). “Interactive
markers in medical research articles written by Iranian and
native authors of ISI and non-ISI medical Journals: A
contrastive metadiscourse analysis of method section”.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol.5(2), pp.309-
317.
[23]. Gustillo, L.E. (2002). “A contrastive analysis of
American English and Philippine English news leads”.
Philippine Journal of Linguistics, Vol.33(2), pp.53-66.
[24]. Heng, C.S., & Tan, H. (2010). “Extracting and
comparing the intricacies of metadiscourse of two written
persuasive corpora”. International Journal of Education
and Development using Information and Communication
Technology, Vol.6(3), pp.124-146.
[25]. Hyland, K. (1998). “Persuasion and context: The
pragmatics of academic metadiscourse”. Journal of
Pragmatics, Vol.30, pp.437-455.
[26]. Hyland, K. (1999). “Talking to students: Metadiscourse
in introductory course books”. English for Specific Purposes,
Vol.18, pp.3-26.
[27]. Hyland, K. & Tse, P. (2004). “Metadiscourse in
academic writing: A reappraisal”. Applied Linguistics,
Vol.25(2), pp.156-177.
[28]. Hyland, K. (2007). “Applying a gloss: Exemplifying and
reformulating in academic discourse”. Applied Linguistics,
Vol.28(2), pp.266-285.
[29]. Jafair, S.S. (2014). “A cross-linguistic study of English
and Persian prepositions”. Journal of Language Teaching
and Research, Vol.5(3), pp.689-697.
[30]. Kachru, Y. (1999). “Culture, context and writing”. In E.
Hinkel (Ed.), Culture in Second Language Teaching and
Learning. (pp. 75-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
[31]. Kaplan, R.B. (1966). “Cultural though patterns in intercultural
education”. Language Learning, Vol.16, pp.1-20.
[32]. Kuhi, D., Tofigh, M., & Yavari, M. (2013). “A
comparative study of metadiscourse resources in
introduction section of introductory and scholarly
textbooks”. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, Vol.15(3),
pp.129-154.
[33]. Laurilla, M.A.R. (2002). “The 'presentation of self and
'self-disclosure': A contrastive rhetorical analysis of
Philippine advice columns in English and Filipino”.
Philippine Journal of Linguistics, Vol.33(2), pp.67-81.
[34]. Lintao, R.B., & Erfe, J.P. (2012). “A move-analytic
contrastive study on the introductions of American and
Philippine master's theses in architecture”. i-manager's
Journal on English Language Teaching, Vol.2(1), pp.15-25.
[35]. Luyee, E.O., Gabriel, J.I., & Kalajahi, S.A.R. (2013). “An
analysis: The usage of metadiscourse in argumentative writing by Malaysian tertiary level of students”. English
Language Teaching, Vol.6(9), pp.83-96.
[36]. Madrunio, M.B.R. (2004). “The linguistic features of
complaint letters to editors in Philippine English and
Singapore English”. Asian Englishes, Vol.7(2), pp.52-73.
[37]. Martin, J.R. (2001). “Beyond exchange: Appraisal
systems in English”. In S. Hunston& G. Thompson (Eds.),
Evaluation in Text. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 142-
175.
[38]. Matsuda, K.P. (1997). “Contrastive rhetoric in context:
A dynamic model of L2 writing”. Journal of Second
Language Writing, Vol. 6(11), pp. 45-60.
[39]. Mohamed, A.H., & Omer, M.R. (2000). “Texture and
culture: Cohesion as a marker of rhetorical organisation in
Arabic and English narrative texts”. RELC Journal, Vol.31(2),
pp.45-75.
[40]. Pooresfahani, A.F., Khajavy, G.H., & Vahidnia, F.
(2012). “A contrastive study of metadiscourse elements in
research articles written by Iranian Applied Linguistics and
Engineering Writers in English”. English Linguistics Research,
Vol.1(1), pp.88-96.
[41]. Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J.
(1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English
Language. London, UK: Longman.
[42]. Rahimpour, S. (2013). “Employing a gloss in English
and Persian academic writing: Exemplifying and
reformulating in applied linguistics research articles”.
Processing of the Global Summit on Education, pp.749-
763.
[43]. Rustipa, K. (2014). “Metadiscourse in Indonesian EFL
learners' persuasive texts: A case study at English
Department, UNISBANK”. International Journal of English
Linguistics, Vol.4(1), pp.44-52.
[44]. Scollon, R. (2000). “Generic variability in news stories in
Chinese and English: A contrastive discourse study of five
day's newspapers”. Journal of Pragmatics, Vol.32, pp.761-
791.
[45]. Su, Y. (2010). “A corpus-based contrastive analysis of
first personal deixis”. Journal of Language Teaching and
Research, Vol.1(3), pp.231-234.
[46]. Sultan, A.H. (2011). “A contrastive study of metadiscourse in English and Arabic linguistics research
articles”. Acta Linguistica, Vol.5(1), pp.28-41.
[47]. Tan, H., & Eng, W.B. (2014). “Metadiscourse use in the
persuasive writing of Malaysian undergraduate students”.
English Language Teaching, Vol.7(7), pp.26-39.
[48]. Tavakoli, M. (2010). “The effect of metadiscourse
awareness of L2 reading comprehension: A case of Iranian
EFL learners”. English Language Teaching, Vol.3(1), pp.92-
102.
[49]. Thompson, G. (2001). “Interaction in academic
writing: Learning to argue with the reader”. Applied
Linguistics, Vol.22(1), pp.58-78.
[50]. VandeKopple, W. J. (1985). “Some exploratory
discourse on metadiscourse”. College Composition
Communication, Vol. 36, pp. 82-93.
[51]. Wang, J. (2008). “Toward a critical perspective of
culture: Contrast or compare rhetorics”. J. Technical Writing
and Communication, Vol.38(2), pp.133-148.
[52]. Wang, Q. (2011). “Lexical inferencing strategies for
dealing with unknown words in reading-A contrastive study
between Filipino graduate students and Chinese graduate
students”. Journal of Language Teaching and Research,
Vol.2(2), pp.302-313.
[53]. Woolever, K. R. (2001). “Doing global business in the information age: Rhetorical contrasts in the business and
technical professions”. In C. G. Panetta (Ed.), Contrastive
Rhetoric Revisited and Redefined, (pp. 47-64). Mahwah,
NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[54]. Yagiz, O., & Demir, C. (2015). “A comparative study of
boosting in academic texts: A contrastive rhetoric”.
International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol.5(4), pp.12-
28.
[55]. Yazdani, S. (2014). “Interactional metadiscourse in
English and Persian news articles about 9/11”. Theory and
Practice in Language Studies, Vol.4(2), pp.428-434.
[56]. Yazdani, S., Sharifi, S., & Elyassi, M. (2014). “Exploring
hedges and boosters in 9/11 English front page news
articles”. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and
Humanities, Vol.4(3), pp.301-313.
[57]. Zarei, G.R., & Mansoori, S. (2011). “A contrastive study
on metadiscourse elements used in humanities vs. non
humanities across Persian and English”. English Language
Teaching, Vol.4(1), pp.42-50.
[58]. Zhu, Y., & Gocheco, P.M. (2014). “A contrastive study
on the macro-structure and metadiscoursal features of the
introduction section in the English L1 and Chinese L2
research articles”. Philippine ESL Journal, Vol.12, pp.71-
108.