References
[1]. Abdel-Khalek, A., Al-Kandari, Y.(2007). “Death Anxiety
in Kuwaiti Middle-aged Personnel”. Omega: Journal of
death and dying, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 297-310.
[2]. Abu Hasheesh, M.O., AboZeid, S.A., El-Said, S.G.,
Alhujail, A.D. (2013). ”Nurses' characteristics and their
Attitudes toward Death and Caring for Dying Patients in a
Public Hospital”. Health Science Journal, Vol. 7,No. 4, pp.
384-394.
[3]. Anghelescu, D. L., Oakes, L., Hinds, P. S. (2006).
“Palliative care and pediatrics”. Anesthesiology Clinics of
North America, Vol. 24, pp.145-161.
[4]. Asadi-Lari, M., Madjd, Z., Akbari, M. E. (2008).“The
need for palliative care services in Iran; an introductory commentary”. Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol.1,
No.1, pp.1-5.
[5]. AtashzadehShorideh, F., Ashktorab, T., Yaghmaei, F.
(2012).” Iranian intensive care unit nurses' moral distress: A
content analysis”. Nurse Ethics, Vol.19, No.14, pp. 464–478.
[6]. Barrere, C., Durkin, A., LaCoursier, S. (2008).“The
influence of End-of-Life education on attitudes of nursing
students”. International Journal of Nursing Education, Vol. 5
No.1, pp, 1-18.
[7]. Beckstrand, R. L., Kirchhoff, K. T. (2005). “Providing endof-
life care to patients: Critical care nurses' perceived
obstacles and supportive behaviors”. American Journal of
Critical Care, Vol.14, No.5, pp 395-403.
[8]. Beckstrand, R. L., Moore, J., Callister, L., Bond, E. A.
(2009). “Oncology nurses' of obstacles and supportive
behaviors at the end of life”. Oncology Nursing Forum, Vol.
36, pp. 446-453.
[9]. Beckstrand, R. L., Rawl N. L., Calliste, L., Mandleco B. L.
(2010). “Pediatric Nurses' Perceptions of Obstacles and
Supportive Behaviors in End-of-Life”. American Journal of
Critical Care, Vol .19, No. 6, pp. 543-552.
[10]. Beckstrand, R. L., Smith, M. D., Heaston, S., Bond, A. E.
(2008). “Emergency nurses' perceptions of size, frequency,
and magnitude of obstacles and supportive behaviors in
end-of-life care”. Journal of Emergency Nursing, Vol. 34,
No. 4, pp. 290-300.
[11]. Benner, P. (1984). “From novice to expert: Excellence
and power in clinical nursing practice. Menlo Park”, CA:
Addison-Wesley.
[12]. Bennett, H. A. (2012). Guide to End of Life Care: Care
of children and young people before death, at the time of
death and after death. P14. www.togetherforshortlives.
org.uk/...A_Guide_to_End_of_Life_Care_5.
[13]. Burns, J. P., Mitchell, C., Griffith, J. L., Truog, R. D.
(2001). “End-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit:
Attitudes and practices of pediatric critical care physicians
and nurses”. Critical Care Medicine, Vol .29, No.3, pp. 658-
664.
[14]. Canadian Institute for Health Information (2011).
Health care use at the End of Life in Atlantic Canada.
https://secure.cihi.ca/.../end_of_
[15]. Carper, B. (1978).“Fundamental patterns of knowing
in nursing”. In L.H. Nicoll (Ed.), Perspectives on nursing theory
Vo.1, No.1, pp. 13-24).
[16]. Carter, B. S., Hubble, C., Weise, K. L. (2006). “Palliative
medicine in neonatal and pediatric intensive care”. Child
and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol.
15, No. 5, pp. 759-777.
[17]. Crozier, F., Hancock, L. E. (2012).“Pediatric Palliative
Care: Beyond the End of Life”. Pediatric Nursing, Vol. 38,
No. 4, pp. 198-203.
[18]. Crump, S., Schaffer, M. A., Schulte, E. (2010). ”Critical
Care Nurses' Perceptions of Obstacles, Supports, and
Knowledge Needed in Providing Quality End-of-Life Care”.
Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 297-
306.
[19]. Davies, B., Sehring, S. A., Partridge, J. C., Cooper,
B.A., Hughes, A., Philp, J. C, Kramer, R. F. (2008). Barriers to
Palliative Care for Children: Perceptions of Pediatric Health
Care Providers. Pediatrics, Vol.121, pp. 282-288.
[20]. Docherty, S. L., Miles, M. S., Brandon, D. (2007).
“Searching for "the dying point:" Providers' experiences with
palliative care in pediatric acute care”. Pediatric Nursing,
Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 335-341.
[21]. Dunn, K. S., Otten, C., Stephens, E. (2005). “Nursing
experience and the care of dying patients”. Oncology
Nursing Forum, Vol. 32, No.1, pp. 97-104.
[22]. El-Kurd LCSW, ACHP-SW Hoag CARES Team. (2013).
Cultural Diversity and Caring For Patients from the Middle
East. PCQN Conference Call.
[23]. Farsi, Z., Dehgha-Nayeri, N., Negarandeh, R.,
Broumand, S. (2010). “Nursing profession in Iran: an
overview of opportunities and challenges”. Japan Journal
of Nursing Science, Vol.7, No.1, pp.9–18.
[24]. Feudtner, C., Santucci, G., James, A., Feinstein, C.,
Snyder, R., M.T, Rourke., T.I, kang. (2007). “Hopeful Thinking
and Level of Comfort Regarding Providing Pediatric
Palliative Care”: A Survey of Hospital Nurses. Pediatrics, Vol.
119, No. 1, pp. 186-192.
[25]. Fortney, A. C. (2012). Evaluating Quality of Death at
the End of Life in Neonates in the NICU. Ph.D. thesis, The Ohio
State University.
[26]. Gehan EL Nabawy Ahmed Moawad. (2013). Nurses'
perception of obstacles and supportive behaviors in
providing end of life care to critically ill pediatric patients.
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare,Vol. 3, No.2,
pp. 96-105.
[27]. Hales, S., Zimmermann, C., Rodin, G. (2008).“The
quality of dying and death”. Archives of Internal Medicine,
Vol. 68, No. 9, pp. 912-918.
[28]. Hamooleh, M. M., Borimnejad, L., Seyedfatemi, N.,
Tahmasebi. (2013). “Perception of Iranian nurses regarding
ethics- based palliative care in cancer patients”. Journal of
Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Vol. 6, No.12, pp.2-
8.
[29]. Hebert, K., Moore, H., Rooney, J. (2011). “The Nurse
Advocate in End-of-Life Care”. The Ochsner Journal, Vol.
11, No. 4, pp. 325-329.
[30]. Hedayat, K. M., Pirzadeh, R. (2001). “Issues in Islamic
Biomedical Ethics: A Primer for the Pediatrician”. Pediatrics,
Vol. 108, No. 4, pp. 965-971.
[31]. Heron, M. P., Hoyert, D. L., Sherry, L., Murphy, B. S.,
Jiaquan, xu., Kenneth, D., Tejada-Vera, B. (2009).“Deaths:
Final Data for 2006”. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 57,
No.14, pp.1-135.
[32]. Hilden, J. M., Emanuel, E. J., Fairclough, D. L., Link, M.
P., Foley, K. M., Clarridge, B. C. (2001). “Attitudes and
practices among pediatric oncologists regarding end-oflife
care: Results of the 1998 American Society of Clinical
Oncology survey”. Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol.19,
No. 1, pp. 205-212.
[33]. Hinds, P. S., Oakes, L., Furman, W., Quargnenti, A.,
Olson, M. S., Foppiano, P. (2001). End-of-life decision
making by adolescents, parents, and healthcare providers
in pediatric oncology: Research to evidence-based
practice guidelines. Cancer Nursing, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp.
122-134
[34]. Iglesias, M. E. L., Pascual, C., Bengoa Vallejo, R.B.
(2012). “Obstacles and Helpful Behaviors in Providing Endof-
Life Care to Dying Patients in Intensive Care Units”.
Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 99-
106.
[35]. Iranmanesh, S., Dargahi, H., Abbaszadeh, A. (2008a). “Attitudes of Iranian nurses toward caring for dying
patients”. Palliative and Supportive Care, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.
363–369.
[36]. Iranmanesh, S., Savenstedt, S., Abbaszadeh, A.
(2008b).“Student nurses' attitudes towards death and dying
in south-east Iran”. International Journal of Palliative
Nursing, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 214–219.
[37]. Izumi, S., Nagae, H., Sakurai, C., Imamura, E. (2012).
“Defining end-of-life care from perspectives of nursing
ethics”. Nursing Ethics, Vol.19, No.5, 608–618.
[38]. Khader, K., Jarrah, S., Alasad, J. (2010). “Influences of
nurses' characteristics and education on their attitudes
towards death and dying”: A review of literature.
International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, Vol. 2, No.1,
pp.1-9.
[39]. Kirchhoff, K. T., Beckstrand, R. L. (2000). “Critical care
nurses' perceptions of obstacles and helpful behaviors in
providing end-of-life care to dying patients”. American
Journal of Critical Care, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 96-105.
[40]. Lange, M., Thom, B., Kline, N. (2008).“Assessing nurses'
attitudes toward death and caring of dying Patients in a
comprehensive cancer centers”. Oncology Nursing
Forum, Vol. 35, No.6, pp 955-959.
[41]. Mehrdad, R. (2009). “Health System in Iran”. Japan
Medical Association Journal, Vol. 52, No.1, pp. 69–73.
[42]. Mesukko, J. (2010). Critical care nurses' perceptions of
quality of dying and death, barriers, and facilitators to
providing pediatric end-of-life care in Thailand, Ph.D. thesis,
Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing. Case Western
Reserve University. p11, 145.
[43]. Migrant Information Centre Melbourne Australia.
(2009). Palliative Care for Culturally Linguistically divers
communities. Cultural profiles to assist in providing culturally
sensitive Palliative Care. Migrant Information Centre
Melbourne Australia. http://www.eastpallcare.asn.au/.
[44]. Mobasher, M., Aramesh, K., Zahedi, F., Nakhaee, N.,
Tahmasebi, M., Larijani, B. (2014).“End-of-Life care ethical
decision making: Shiite scholar views”. Journal of Medical
Ethics and History of Medicine, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 2-11.
[45]. Mohamed Ali, W. G., Ayoub, N. S. (2010). “Nurses'
Attitudes Toward Caring For Dying Patient In Mansoura
University Hospitals”. Journal of Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, pp. 16-23.
[46]. Moss, A. H., Demanelis, A. R., Murray, J., Jack, J.
(2005).“Barriers to quality end-of-life care in West Virginia
ICU units: Physicians' and nurses' perspectives”. The West
Virginia Medical Journal, Vol. 101, No.5, pp. 200-204.
[47]. Naidoo, V. (2011). Experiences of critical care nurses
of death and dying in an intensive care unit: a
phenomenological study, M.S thesis, Durban University of
Technology.
[48]. Nelson, J. E. (2006). “Identifying and overcoming the
barriers to high-quality palliative care in the intensive care
unit”. Critical Care Medicine, Vol.34 (11 Suppl), pp. 324-
331.
[49]. Chen, C., Huang, L.C., Liu, H.L., Lee, H.Y., Wu, S.Y.,
Chang, Y.C., Peng, N.H. (2012). “To Explore the Neonatal
Nurses' Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Caring for Dying
Neonates in Taiwan”. Maternal and Child Health Journal,
Vol.17, No.10, pp. 1793-801.
[50]. Ott, B.B., Al-Khadhiri, J., Al-Junaibi, S. (2003).
“Preventing ethical dilemmas: the Muslim people”.
Pediatric Nursing, Vol. 29, No.3.
[51]. Razban, F., Iranmanesh, S andRafiei, H.
(2013).“Nurses' attitudes toward palliative care in southeast
Iran”. International journal of palliative nursing, Vol.9,
No.8, pp. 403-10.
[52]. Steinberg, S. M. (2011). “Cultural and religious aspects
of palliative care”, International Journal of Critical Illness
and Injury Science, Vol1, No.2, pp. 154-6.
[53]. Taleghani, F., ParsaYekta, Z., Nasrabadi, A.N.
(2005).“Coping with breast cancer in newly diagnosed
Iranian women”.Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol. 54, No.
3, pp. 265-73.
[54]. www.ecosecretariat.org/ftproot/MDG/Chapter
%204%20-%20Iran.pdf. Retrieved May 2014.
[55]. www.who.int/country/irn/en 2012. Retrieved May
2014.
