In this paper, an attempt to overcome the challenges in catenary wire protection, using the distance protection techniques has been made. A nano superhydrophobic coating is coated on the aluminum rod and copper plate, and the coating was showing an insulation property which can control few amount of transformer impedance to inject into the catenary line and can control dynamic variation of impedance which is discussed with a simple experiment in this paper. This even acts as a self-cleaning superhydrphobicity as 'natural lotus effect'.

Distance protection relays utilize the comparison of the measured impedance with the set impedance, and the result is utilized to decide, whether a fault has occurred or not. When a fault occurs, the magnitude of current increases, and that of the voltage decreases which results in a dip in impedance. When the measured impedance is lesser than the set impedance, then the distance protection relay will trip the breaker. This concept is perfect in most of the applications, but in catenary wire protection, the set impedance varies dynamically. The dynamic variation of the set impedance is due to the movement of electric locomotives where the locomotive transformer gets included in the circuit dynamically. The theoretical solution towards this concept is proposed in this paper.