Advances in health care practice resulted in increased cost of health care services. This emphasised on cost effective integrated approach of pharmacological and life style modification. This can help mentally ill individual and destitute to obtain the optimum level of functioning. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of structured activity programme on cognitive function, self esteem and behaviour among mentally ill destitute home inmates. The Study was conceptualized based on Albert Bandura's Triadic reciprocity of determinism. An evaluative approach using pre test post test design was used for the study. The samples were selected based on the sampling criteria and a total of 50 samples were recruited for the study with the mean age of 41.98±13.13. This Study findings reveal that structured activity programme was effective in improving the self esteem of mentally ill destitute. This suggests that structured activities can be used in institutionalized or hospital setting to improve the self esteem of mentally ill clients.