i-manager Publications

A Comprehensive Review of Robotics and Autonomous Systems: Evolution, Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions

Rajesh Kumar Singh*

A Comprehensive Review of Robotics and Autonomous Systems: Evolution, Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions

Periodicity:July - December'2025
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.3.2.22908

Abstract

Robotics and Autonomous Systems (RAS) have progressed from early mechanical manipulators in the 1960s to intelligent, AI-driven systems capable of autonomous decision-making across industrial, medical, agricultural, aerial, underwater, and space environments. This review consolidates six decades of robotics development, drawing from more than 120 scholarly sources, including seminal contributions in industrial automation, SLAM and mobile robotics, humanoid robotics, soft robotics, swarm systems, and autonomous vehicles. The paper synthesizes historical foundations, current technologies, domain-specific advancements, and future trends (2030–2050). By integrating sensing, perception, control, SLAM, learning, human–robot interaction, and ethics, this review provides a comprehensive, human-centered perspective on robotics systems suitable for researchers, engineers, and policymakers.

Keywords

Robotics, Autonomous Systems, Artificial Intelligence, SLAM, Humanoid Robots, Autonomous Vehicles.

How to Cite this Article?

Singh, R. K. (2025). A Comprehensive Review of Robotics and Autonomous Systems: Evolution, Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions. i-manager’s Journal on Augmented & Virtual Reality, 3(2), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.26634/javr.3.2.22908

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A Comprehensive Review of Robotics and Autonomous Systems: Evolution, Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions

Abstract

Keywords

How to Cite this Article?

References

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