A Hybrid Sensitivity–Tracing Framework for Real Power Loss Allocation to Generators and Loads in AC Networks

Chintalapudi V Suresh*
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University, Nambur, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Periodicity:October - December'2025
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jps.13.3.22704

Abstract

This paper sets out a hybrid sensitivity-tracing framework for allocating real-power losses to generators and loads in AC transmission networks. Conventional marginal-loss and tracing-based methods fail to meet important requirements such as fairness, stability, slack independence, and physical interpretability. The proposed approach integrates AC marginal-loss sensitivities with flow-tracing participation factors by using a convex weighting mechanism that incorporates incremental loss effects and physical line usage. The hybrid formulation provides revenue neutrality, non- negativity, and robustness under varying network conditions without steep gradients and slack dependence in marginal- based allocation. Moreover, in numerical studies for IEEE 14-bus, 39-bus, and 118-bus networks, the hybrid method provides smoother allocation profiles and fairness scores and is also relatively well immune to slack-bus relocation and has very low computational costs. These results assure that the developed framework is technically consistent, capable of scaling, and operationally feasible for real-life AC grid power loss allocation.

Keywords

Hybrid Loss Allocation, Marginal Loss Sensitivity, Flow Tracing, AC Power Flow, Transmission Losses, Slack Independence, Fair Cost Allocation.

How to Cite this Article?

Suresh, C. V. (2025). A Hybrid Sensitivity–Tracing Framework for Real Power Loss Allocation to Generators and Loads in AC Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Power Systems Engineering, 13(3), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jps.13.3.22704

References

[23]. Singh Immaraju, L. J. B., Suresh, C. V., & Raju, B. S. (2023). Analyzing the effect of power loss allocation to utilities optimally in power systems using constrained load flow. Journal of Electrical Systems, 19(1).
[24]. Singh, L. J. B., Prasanth, B. V., Ganesh, V., & Suresh, C. V. (2018). Power loss distribution to the generators in restructuring power system using loss balancing factor. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Trends in Automation (ICRTA-2018).
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