Performance Analysis of V2G-Enabled Microgrid Using Low-Fidelity Simulation for Grid Support Applications

Khadim Moin Siddiqui*
Periodicity:July - December'2025

Abstract

The increasing integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into power systems offers a promising avenue for grid support through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. This study presents a low-fidelity simulation-based evaluation of a bidirectional V2G control strategy designed to enhance microgrid stability and frequency regulation. The proposed scheme demonstrates its effectiveness by maintaining AC grid frequency within a narrow tolerance of ±0.05–0.06Hz during dynamic load variations, actively contributing to grid resilience. Controlled bidirectional power flow, smooth charging in G2V mode and regulated discharging in V2G mode ensures dynamic grid response without inducing harmful transients, thereby supporting battery health. The battery state-of-charge (SOC) profiles exhibit gradual and predictable trends, which are favorable for long-term battery performance. Reactive power compensation and tightly regulated DC-link voltage (~700 V ± 5 V) further enhance voltage quality and converter reliability. Although, the simulation environment prioritizes computational efficiency over detailed switching dynamics, it proves valuable for early-stage feasibility testing, parameter sensitivity analysis, and system-level planning. The results have broad application potential, including grid service provisioning, EV fleet behavior analysis, educational tools, and preliminary economic and policy assessments. Finally, this work highlights the practical viability of V2G-enabled microgrids and the strategic importance of low-fidelity simulations in accelerating development and guiding future high-fidelity or experimental validations.

Keywords

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Microgrid Stability, Frequency Control, Bidirectional Power Flow, Low-Fidelity Simulation, Battery State of Charge (SOC)

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