IoT-Based Autonomous Robot Car for Remote Patient Monitoring and Facility Management in Hospitals

Asheesh Kumar Tiwari*, Beer Singh**, Alok Kumar Dubey***, Tushar Rastogi****
*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, S R Institute of Management and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Periodicity:July - December'2025

Abstract

This paper presents an IoT-based autonomous robot car system leveraging ESP8266 and ESP32 microcontrollers to provide a smart, versatile, and cost-effective solution for surveillance, remote patient monitoring, and facility management in hospitals. Equipped with biomedical sensors (heart rate, body temperature), environmental sensors (gas, temperature, humidity), and an ESP32-CAM for live video streaming, the system enables continuous, contactless monitoring of patients and hospital environments. Data is securely transmitted to a centralized cloud platform, allowing healthcare professionals to track patient status and receive real-time alerts for any anomalies. The ESP8266 acts as the main communication module, facilitating wireless connectivity and data exchange between the robot car and a central monitoring station. The system is controlled through a user-friendly web interface and the Blynk mobile app, enabling remote navigation and management through smartphones or laptops. Smart navigation and obstacle avoidance algorithms allow the robot car to autonomously patrol hospital zones, supporting facility surveillance, route inspection, and hazard detection. By integrating IoT technologies with autonomous robotics, this system enhances patient safety, reduces healthcare workers' exposure to infectious environments, and streamlines hospital operations, proving especially valuable during pandemics. Its design prioritizes ease of use, adaptability, and real-time remote monitoring, making it an efficient tool for modern healthcare management.

Keywords

Arduino IDE, ESP8266 Module, ESP32 Board, IoT System, L298N Driver, Robot Car, Remote Surveillance.

How to Cite this Article?

Tiwari, A. K., Singh, B., Dubey, A. K., and Rastogi, T. (2025). IoT-Based Autonomous Robot Car for Remote Patient Monitoring and Facility Management in Hospitals. i-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation & Control Engineering, 13(2), 13-19.

References

[2]. Alsharif, H., & Kumar, A. (2024). AI-based path optimization for autonomous healthcare robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 179, 104707.
[9]. Silvera-Tawil, D. (2024). Robotics in healthcare: A survey. SN Computer Science.
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