Stainless Steel 304 (SS304) is the most commonly used austenitic stainless steel due to+ its good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and ease of fabrication. It is composed of mostly iron, as well as chromium (18–20%) and nickel (8–10.5%). The unique combination of ductility, strength, and toughness of SS304 over a relatively wide range of temperatures is its primary advantage as a stainless steel. This review paper aims to provide a broad overview of the behavior of SS304 mechanically with respect to several processing methods, including hot working, cold working, heat treatment, welding and machining. It also discusses the effect of microstructure on the mechanical behavior of SS304. Ultimately, when appropriate, the influence of processing parameters on yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, impact toughness and hardness is analyzed according to available literature, with emphasis on the interactions between processing conditions, grain size, phase formation, and mechanical performance. We discuss the practical application of SS304 in the automotive, chemical processing, construction and medical equipment industries. Concluding, the direction for future research is presented, particularly with regard to advanced coatings and surface modifications to further improve wear resistance and fatigue performance.