The Indian banking sector is the backbone of the country's economy, playing a vital role in mobilizing savings, channeling investments, and promoting financial inclusion. Within this sector, both public and private banks have their own importance. This paper provides a comparative study of public and private sector banks in India with a focus on their performance, efficiency, and customer satisfaction. The study analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each sector while highlighting the challenges they face in the competitive market. Using secondary data from reliable financial reports and government publications, the research identifies key differences in profitability, service quality, and outreach. The paper concludes with recommendations to improve the effectiveness of both banking sectors in supporting India's economic development.