This study explores the intricate realm of surface rheology, emphasizing the behavior of fluid interfaces in complex systems. With applications across industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and petroleum, the study reviews recent developments in surface rheology, focusing on its phenomenological approach. The importance of surface rheological parameters in understanding the physical behavior of systems with fluid interfaces is highlighted, considering two primary approaches: one based on molecular properties and the other treating the interface as a two-dimensional body. Challenges arising from non-autonomous fluid interfaces, unique deformations, and the significance of surface rheology in practical applications, including emulsification and foaming, are thoroughly addressed. In the context of the petroleum industry, the study underscores the critical role of understanding the rheological properties of heavy crude oil for addressing challenges in oil-water emulsion stabilization. Asphaltenes and resins in heavy crude oil form viscous films at the oil-water interface, influencing emulsion stability. The study introduces surfactants, highlighting their surface-active properties and pervasive presence in various industries. The impact of surfactants on emulsion stability, cleaning formulations, and enhanced oil recovery is discussed, providing insights into their crucial role. The exploration extends to the evolving landscape of surfactant science, emphasizing the synthesis of new surfactant molecules and their potential applications in nanoparticle synthesis and environmentally friendly consumer products. Polymeric surfactants, which can form stable films at interfaces, were examined, addressing the criteria for stable Langmuir films from polymers. Block copolymer films, especially in medical diagnostics and water treatment engineering, showcase the versatility of polymeric surfactants in emulsion stabilization.