Smart Traffic Management Systems (STMS) are transforming urban transportation by leveraging real-time data analytics and adaptive signal control to optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and improve safety at intersections. Utilizing data from sensors, cameras, and smartphones, these systems enable dynamic adjustments to traffic signals, leading to minimized travel times and enhanced road efficiency. STMS also promote environmental sustainability by reducing fuel consumption and lowering emissions. However, despite their promising benefits, challenges such as privacy concerns and cybersecurity risks remain critical areas for development. This paper provides an overview of STMS, emphasizing their role in advancing urban mobility and highlighting the need for ongoing research and integration into urban planning. By addressing these challenges and enhancing their functionalities, STMS have the potential to create smarter, safer, and greener transportation networks, contributing significantly to more efficient and sustainable cities.