This research explores the perceptions of climate change and the barriers to adaptation among communities along the Teesta River in Bangladesh. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with local residents, policymakers, and stakeholders to assess their understanding of climate impacts and the challenges they face in implementing adaptation strategies. The study included 385 respondents from the Teesta Riverine households in Lalmonirhat districts. To estimate the results, this study used regression analysis, perception analysis, and descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed a concerning trend of increasing temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and an increase in extreme weather events that have a detrimental impact on Teesta Riverine households. The findings indicate a significant awareness of climate change effects, including increased temperature, riverbank erosion, flooding, rainfall, winter and cyclone. However, we identify a number of obstacles, including limited and inadequate access to information, a lack of knowledge, a lack of crops to choose from, a lack of suitable land for cultivation, a lack of one's own land, no storage facilities, no transportation facilities, and no marketing facilities. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of integrating local knowledge and fostering collaborative efforts to enhance adaptive capacity, thereby promoting resilience in vulnerable riverine communities. The study advances our knowledge of climate change adaptation and gives stakeholders and policymakers useful data for creating sustainable development plans.