In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, cybersecurity and information security are crucial for safeguarding critical assets across organizations and individuals. Cybersecurity focuses on protecting internet-connected systems, including hardware, software, and data, from cyber-attacks. In contrast, information security ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, regardless of its digital or physical form. Although these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, they represent distinct concepts and methodologies, addressing specific threats and risks within the digital ecosystem. This review examines the differences and overlaps between cybersecurity and information security, highlighting their intersection in creating comprehensive protection strategies. While cybersecurity addresses external threats such as malware, phishing, and hacking, information security focuses on policies and procedures to prevent breaches—whether accidental or intentional. Recent trends, regulatory requirements, and the increasing complexity of cyber threats underscore the importance of adopting robust security measures. This article also explores the impact of cyber-attacks, including financial losses, reputational damage, and legal consequences stemming from noncompliance with data protection regulations. Additionally, the role of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain, in enhancing the security landscape is discussed. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of a unified approach integrating cybersecurity and information security to mitigate risks effectively and ensure the long-term protection of sensitive data.