Factors of Negative Psychic State, Anxiety, and Depression of Waterlogged Farmers in Bangladesh: A Farming Disaster

Md. Ripul Kabir*, Md. Rabiul Islam**
* Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
** Department of Social Work, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Periodicity:September - December'2024
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jhss.4.3.20976

Abstract

Farmers undergo severe mental pressure due to socioeconomic crises during waterlogging. This study explores the factors of mental agonies of waterlogged farmers. It was a quantitative study, and a survey research design was employed. Data were collected from 480 waterlogged farmers from March to May 2023 based on simple random sampling. A five-point Likert scale for negative psychic states and a four-point Likert scale for anxiety and depression were used to understand the measurement of the mental health state of the farmers. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics such as the Mann-Whitney U and the Kruskal-Wallis H tests to indicate the differences in negative psychic state, anxiety, and depression of the waterlogged farmers. The study revealed that 99% of the farmers were worried, nearly 72% were anxious about heavy rainfall, and more than 81% fell asleep while working during waterlogging. The negative psychic state of the farmers was moderate (19-29), anxiety was high (12≥), and depression was mild (≤7). Aged farmers were more nervous (z = -5.93) and tired (z = -5.08). Farmers living in Kaccha houses were found to be more restless (H = 15.89). Anxiety with heavy rainfall (z = -9.23) was more prevalent among those farmers who suffered from waterlogging for 6 months a year. Farmers who suffered ≤6 months of waterlogging (z = -5.41) were more depressed with poor appetite. Different types of psychosocial health problems (i.e., anxiety and depression) were prevalent among the waterlogged farmers, and heavy rainfall, living houses, and duration of waterlogging assisted these. The opportunities for employment and arrangements for medical treatment during waterlogging should be available for them. GO-NGO intervention can alleviate the waterlogged farmers' vulnerable situations.

Keywords

Waterlogging, Farmers, Negative Psychic State, Anxiety, Depression, Factors, Farming Disaster, Socioeconomic Crises.

How to Cite this Article?

Md. Kabir, R., and Md. Islam, R. (2024). Factors of Negative Psychic State, Anxiety, and Depression of Waterlogged Farmers in Bangladesh: A Farming Disaster. i-manager’s Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences, 4(3), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jhss.4.3.20976

References

[15]. Islam, E., Khan, S. A., Khaleque, M. A., & Ahammed, S. S. (2020). Waterlogging in the southwest coastal areas of Bangladesh: Local adaptation techniques and challenges. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 68(1), 112-119.
[18]. Kearney, G. D., Rafferty, A. P., Hendricks, L. R., Allen, D. L., & Tutor-Marcom, R. (2014). A cross-sectional study of stressors among farmers in eastern North Carolina. North Carolina Medical Journal, 75(6), 384-392.
[25]. Mroczek, D. K., & Kolarz, C. M. (1998). The effect of age on positive and negative affect: A developmental perspective on happiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(5), 1333–1349.
[26]. Nesa, M. (2022). Causes and Consequences of Perennial Water Logging in the Life and Livelihood at Rajnagar Bankabarsi in Jashore District, Bangladesh (Doctoral dissertation, University of Dhaka).
[32]. Shaibur, M. R., Shamim, A. H. M., Rizvi, M. M., Amara, U., & Sarwar, S. (2019). Local adaptation strategies with waterlogging condition in Beel Kapalia region, Jashore, Bangladesh. Environmental and Biological Research, 1(1), 22-31.
If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

North Americas,UK,
Middle East,Europe
India Rest of world
USD EUR INR USD-ROW
Pdf 35 35 200 20
Online 35 35 200 15
Pdf & Online 35 35 400 25

Options for accessing this content:
  • If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
    Library Recommendation Form
  • If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
  • New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.