Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections, playing a crucial role in learning, memory, and recovery from brain injuries. This study investigates the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, specifically focusing on the biochemical processes within synapses and neurons that contribute to brain changes. Through an exploration of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), this research highlights how synaptic strength can be modified. By understanding the relationship between synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions such as learning and memory, the study provides new insights into the dynamic and adaptive nature of the brain. These findings have significant implications for therapies targeting brain recovery and cognitive enhancement.