0 Contact Us

Reduced Graphene Oxide Synthesis by Hummer Method

Amandeep Kaur Rozi*, Harminder Singh**, Deep Kamal Kaur Randhawa***, Anu Sheetal****

*,*** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University, Regional Campus, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University, Regional Campus, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Periodicity:January - March'2024
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.11.4.20557

Abstract

In this study, Graphite Oxide (GO) film with a 2-D structure was successfully synthesized via the Hummer method. The GO film was further reduced by hydrazine to form a few layers of graphene. The graphite oxide and reduced graphene oxide synthesized in this study were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. A low-cost method using simple chemicals was employed to synthesize GO films with high conductivity on a large scale. The synthesized reduced graphene oxide can serve as an excellent material for various applications due to its lower cost and higher thermal, mechanical, and electrical conductivity. Large surface area graphene-based sensors and solar cells can efficiently replace expensive Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs).

Keywords

Nanotechnology, Hummer Method, Graphine Oxide (GO), Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), CNT, Graphite.

How to Cite this Article?

Rozi, A. K., Singh, H., Randhawa, D. K. K., and Sheetal, A. (2024). Reduced Graphene Oxide Synthesis by Hummer Method. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 11(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.11.4.20557

References

[1]. Alam, S. N., Sharma, N., & Kumar, L. (2017). Synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) by modified hummers method and its thermal reduction to obtain reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Graphene, 6(1), 1-18.

[2]. Bhunia, S. K., & Jana, N. R. (2014). Reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle composite as visible light photocatalyst for degradation of colorless endocrine disruptors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(22), 20085-20092.

[3]. Binnig, G., Quate, C. F., & Gerber, C. (1986). Atomic force microscope. Physical Review Letters, 56(9), 930.

[4]. Birkholz, M. (2006). Thin Film Analysis by X-Ray Scattering. John Wiley & Sons.

[5]. Boehm, H. P., Setton, R., & Stumpp, E. (1986). Nomenclature and terminology of graphite intercalation compounds. Carbon, 24(2), 241-245.

[6]. Cao, N., & Zhang, Y. (2015). Study of reduced graphene oxide preparation by Hummers' method and related characterization. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015, 2-2.

[7]. Chen, J., Yao, B., Li, C., & Shi, G. (2013). An improved Hummers method for eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide. Carbon, 64, 225-229.

[8]. de Heer, W. A. (2010). The development of epitaxial graphene for 21st century electronics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1012.1644.

[9]. Dreyer, D. R., Park, S., Bielawski, S. W., & Ruoff, R. S. (2010). The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chemical Society, 39, 228–240.

[10]. Eigler, S., Grimm, S., & Hirsch, A. (2014). Investigation of the thermal stability of the carbon framework of graphene oxide. Chemistry–A European Journal, 20(4), 984-989.

[11]. Geim, A. K., & Novoselov, K. S. (2007). The rise of graphene. Nature Materials, 6(3), 183-191.

[12]. Hass, J., de Heer, W. D., & Conrad, E. H. (2008). The growth and morphology of epitaxial multilayer graphene. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 20(32), 323202.

[13]. Hummer, W. S., & Offeman, R. E. (1958). Preparation of graphite oxide. Chemical Society, 80 (6), 1339.

[14]. Jeong, H. K., Jin, M. H., So, K. P., Lim, S. C., & Lee, Y. H. (2009). Tailoring the characteristics of graphite oxides by different oxidation times. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 42(6), 065418.

[15]. Kim, K. S., Zhao, Y., Jang, H., Lee, S. Y., Kim, J. M., Kim, K. S., ... & Hong, B. H. (2009). Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes. Nature, 457(7230), 706-710.

[16]. Kong, H. X. (2013). Hybrids of carbon nanotubes and graphene/graphene oxide. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 17(1), 31-37.

[17]. Liu, N., Luo, F., Wu, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, C., & Chen, J. (2008). One step ionic liquid assisted electrochemical synthesis of ionic liquid functionalized graphene sheets directly from graphite. Advanced Functional Materials, 18(10), 1518-1525.

[18]. McAllister, M. J., Li, J. L., Adamson, D. H., Schniepp, H. C., Abdala, A. A., Liu, J., ... & Aksay, I. A. (2007). Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chemistry of Materials, 19(18), 4396-4404.

[19]. McMullan, D. (2004). Appendix II a history of the scanning electron microscope, 1928–1965. In Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, 133, 523-545. Elsevier.

[20]. Novoselov, K. S., Geim, A. K., Morozov, S. V., Jiang, D. E., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S. V., ... & Firsov, A. A. (2004). Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 306(5696), 666-669.

[21]. Romero, A., Lavin-Lopez, M. P., Sanchez-Silva, L., Valverde, J. L., & Paton-Carrero, A. (2018). Comparative study of different scalable routes to synthesize graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 203, 284-292.

[22]. Saito, R., Hofmann, M., Dresselhaus, G., Jorio, A., & Dresselhaus, M. S. (2011). Raman spectroscopy of graphene and carbon nanotubes. Advances in Physics, 60(3), 413-550.

[23]. Schedin, F., Geim, A. K., Morozov, S. V., Hill, E. W., Blake, P., Katsnelson, M. I., & Novoselov, K. S. (2007). Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. Nature Materials, 6(9), 652-655.

[24]. Shenderova, O. A., Zhirnov, V. V., & Brenner, D. W. (2002). Carbon nanostructures. Critical Reviews in Solid State and Material Sciences, 27(3-4), 227-356.

[25]. Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Dommett, G. H., Kohlhaas, K. M., Zimney, E. J., Stach, E. A., ... & Ruoff, R. S. (2006). Graphene-based composite materials. Nature, 442(7100), 282-286.

[26]. Suk, J. W., Piner, R. D., An, J., & Ruoff, R. S. (2010). Mechanical properties of monolayer graphene oxide. ACS nano, 4(11), 6557-6564.

[27]. Verdejo, R., Bernal, M. M., Romasanta, L. J., & Lopez-Manchado, M. A. (2011). Graphene filled polymer nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(10), 3301-3310.

[28]. Verma, D., Gope, P. C., Shandilya, A., & Gupta, A. (2014). Mechanical-thermal-electrical and morphological properties of graphene reinforced polymer composites: A review. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 67, 803-816.

[29]. Yang, S. Y., Lin, W. N., Huang, Y. L., Tien, H. W., Wang, J. Y., Ma, C. C. M., ... & Wang, Y. S. (2011). Synergetic effects of graphene platelets and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites. Carbon, 49(3), 793-803.

If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Username/Email

Password

Forgot password?

Remember me

Don't have an account? Sign Up

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

	North Americas,UK, Middle East,Europe		India	Rest of world
	USD	EUR	INR	USD-ROW
Pdf	35	35	200	20
Online	35	35	200	15
Pdf & Online	35	35	400	25

ADD TO CART

Options for accessing this content:

If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.

Alert

Full Article Now Not Available

Submit New Paper Track Paper Status Buy Journal Track Your Subscription Journal Archive

Authors Institutions/Librarians Agents Conferences

About Us Careers Contact FAQ Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy Refund & cancellation Policy