Vaccination stands as one of the most significant advancements in modern medicine. New vaccine platforms, such as mRNA vaccines and viral vector vaccines, have transformed vaccine development, enabling faster responses to emerging threats such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to improve understanding of the current status of vaccination and its implications for global health by synthesizing the most recent research findings and views from experts in the area. This review covers a wide range of subjects, including advances in vaccine design, delivery technologies, adjuvants, and immunization techniques. This study discusses a variety of topics, including vaccine development methodologies, innovative vaccine platforms, vaccine deployment problems, and future research directions. This assessment highlights the urgent need to accelerate the development and distribution of vaccinations to prevent infectious illnesses.