A major issue in the medical field worldwide is the limited number of organ donors available for transplants. The conventional methods are constrained by issues like scarcity of donors, further harm, and limited resources. The 3D printing technology provides a hopeful remedy by allowing the quick creation of customized tissue scaffolds, fixing tissue defects with cells, and potentially printing organs and tissues. These customized implants blend with the patient's tissue and include specific material patterns and cell clusters to promote cell growth and maturation, aiding in tissue repair. This review examines the existing obstacles and progress in 3D printing for medical purposes, specifically focusing on materials and extracellular matrix fabrication, showcasing different types of biomedical materials and recent innovations.