The computing capability of mobile systems is enhanced by cloud computing. Mobile devices can rely on cloud computing to perform computationally intensive operations such as data mining and searching. Mobile cloud computing refers to the availability of cloud computing services in a mobile environment. It is a combination of mobile networks and cloud computing, providing optimal services for mobile users. The use of mobile cloud computing overcomes performance-related obstacles, such as bandwidth, storage capacity, and battery life, as well as environment-related issues like availability, scalability, and heterogeneity. Security threats have become obstacles in the rapid adaptability of the mobile cloud computing paradigm, and there is a significant risk associated with migrating storage and data processing from mobiles to clouds. User privacy and the integrity of data and applications are key concerns that most cloud providers prioritize. This paper reviews the concept of mobile cloud computing and the security issues inherent within the context of mobile applications and cloud computing. It analyzes and compares various possible approaches proposed by researchers to address security and privacy issues in MCC. Despite widespread adoption, challenges like interoperability and standardization persist. Ongoing efforts focus on establishing common protocols, while research explores integrating technologies like edge computing and AI to enhance mobile cloud capabilities. This paper examines the dynamic landscape of MCC, addressing security concerns and exploring advancements and challenges, contributing to ongoing discussions on optimization, security, and the future of mobile cloud computing. As the field continues to evolve, researchers are actively working on developing comprehensive frameworks that not only address current security challenges but also anticipate and mitigate emerging threats in the ever-changing landscape of mobile cloud computing.