i-manager Publications

Career Barriers of Female Education Administrators: Systematic Review and a Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

Asena Yücedašlar*, N. Bilge Uzun**, Cenk Akay***, Yusuf İnandi****

*,**** Department of Educational Administration, University of Mersin, Mersin, Türkiye.

** Department of Measurement and Evaluation in Education, University of Mersin, Mersin, Türkiye.

*** Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Mersin, Mersin, Türkiye.

Periodicity:April - June'2024
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.17.4.20343

Abstract

In many societies, women are assigned missions such as being a good mother, a good wife, an unpaid domestic worker, a child caregiver and an emotional person. These missions attributed to women may prevent them from revealing their potential and talent in the workplace. Undoubtedly, though these roles, assigned to women by society, are attempted to be explained with glass ceiling and gender stereotypes, these inequalities against women could be related to many more complex historical, social, political, and cultural factors. This study aims to reveal and discuss the career barriers experienced by female education administrators. A qualitative meta-synthesis method was employed in this study through a systematic review of 21 studies included in the analysis. ENTREQ-PRISMA statements and CASP protocol were used to improve the reporting of systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. As a result of this systematic review, the career barriers experienced by female education administrators clustered under four themes, including family-related barriers, organizational structure-related barriers, women's self-imposed psychological barriers, and social structure- related barriers.

Keywords

Meta-Synthesis, Systematic Review, Women Career Barriers, Female Education Administrators.

How to Cite this Article?

Yücedašlar, A., Uzun, N. B., Akay, C., and İnandi, Y. (2024). Career Barriers of Female Education Administrators: Systematic Review and a Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. i-manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology, 17(4), 26-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.17.4.20343

References

[1]. Abella, J. V. P. (2020). Career Barriers and Career Advancement Strategies of Women Administrators in Philippine Higher Education Institutions (Master Thesis, University of Santo Tomas Graduate School, Manila).

[2]. Airini, Collings, S., Conner, L., McPherson, K., Midson, B., & Wilson, C. (2011). Learning to be leaders in higher education: What helps or hinders women's advancement as leaders in universities. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39(1), 44-62.

[3]. Akkaya, B. (2020). Opinions of educational administrators on glass ceiling syndrome preventing women from becoming senior managers. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 8(3), 76-89.

[4]. Al-Manasra, E. A. (2013). What are the" Glass Ceiling" barriers effects on women career progress in Jordan? International Journal of Business and Management, 8(6), 40-46.

[5]. Altun, S. (2020). Geçmişten Günümüze Kadın.

[6]. Blue, K. M. (2014). Perceptions of Challenges and Barriers to Career Advancement by Women Administrators in the University of North Carolina System (Doctoral dissertation, Fayetteville State University).

[7]. Blum, T. C., Fields, D. L., & Goodman, J. S. (1994). Organization- level determinants of women in management. Academy of Management Journal, 37(2), 241-268.

[8]. Bock, G. (2004). Avrupa Tarihinde Kadınlar. Literatür Yayınları.

[9]. Brennan, R. L. (1992). Generalizability theory. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 11(4), 27-34.

[10]. Busch, A., & Holst, E. (2011). Gender-specific occupational segregation, glass ceiling effects, and earnings in managerial positions: Results of a fixed effects model. IZA Discussion Paper No. 5448.

[11]. Carr, M., & Chen, M. (2004). Globalization, social exclusion and work: With special reference to informal employment and gender. Geneva, International Labour Office Working Papers, (20).

[12]. Carrillo, P., Gandelman, N., & Robano, V. (2014). Sticky floors and glass ceilings in Latin America. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 12, 339-361.

[13]. Çelebi, N. (2000). Kadınlarımızın Cinsiyet Rolü Tutumları. Sebat Yayıncılık.

[14]. Charles, N., & Davies, C. A. (2000). Cultural stereotypes and the gendering of senior management. The Sociological Review, 48(4), 544-567.

[15]. Coleman, M. (2005). Gender and secondary school leadership. International Studies in Educational Administration, 33(2), 3-20.

[16]. Coleman, M. (2010). Women only (homophilous) networks supporting women leaders in education. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(6), 769-781.

[17]. Coleman, M. (2020). Women leaders in the workplace: Perceptions of career barriers, facilitators and change. Irish Educational Studies, 39(2), 233-253.

[18]. Cosimini, S. H. (2011). Female Administrators in Higher Education: Victories, Broken Barriers and Persisting Obstacles (Doctoral dissertation, Johnson & Wales University, Rhode Island).

[19]. Cubillo, L., & Brown, M. (2003). Women into educational leadership and management: International differences? Journal of Educational Administration, 41(3), 278-291.

[20]. Cunneen, M. E. (2021, March). Crossing the bridge to leadership: Exposing ambition among challenges. In Frontiers in Education, 6, 532253. Frontiers Media SA.

[21]. Dindoffer, T., Reid, B., & Freed, S. (2011). Women administrators in Christian universities: Making family and career co-central. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 20(3), 281-308.

[22]. Erwin, E. J., Brotherson, M. J., & Summers, J. A. (2011). Understanding qualitative metasynthesis: Issues and opportunities in early childhood intervention research. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(3), 186-200.

[23]. Eurostat. (n.d.). Datasets Product.

[24]. Eurostat. (n.d.). SDG 5-Gender Equality: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls.

[25]. Faulkner, N. (2012). Marksist Dünya Tarihi: Neandertallerden Neoliberallere. Yordam Kitap.

[26]. Fisher, G. (2007). You need tits to get on round here' Gender and sexuality in the entrepreneurial university of the 21st century. Ethnography, 8(4), 503-517.

[27]. Fisher, J. A. (2008). Career Barriers Experienced by Midlevel Women Administrators at Maryland Community Colleges: A Phenomenological Study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix).

[28]. Fotaki, M. (2013). No woman is like a man (in academia): The masculine symbolic order and the unwanted female body. Organization Studies, 34(9), 1251-1275.

[29]. Fuller, K. (2010). Talking about gendered headship: How do women and men working in schools conceive and articulate notions of gender? Journal of Educational Administration and History, 42(4), 363-382.

[30]. Gender and Women's Studies Research Center. (2022). Türkiye'de Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Kadın Algısı Araştırması.

[31]. Goodwin, L. D. (2001). Interrater agreement and reliability. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 5(1), 13-34.

[32]. Goody, J. (2004). Avrupa'da Aile. Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul.

[33]. Güler, N. (2009). Generalizability theory and comparison of the results of G and D studies computed by SPSS and GENOVA packet programs. Egitim ve Bilim, 34(154), 93.

[34]. Hall, V. J. (1996). Dancing on the Ceiling: A Study of Women Managers in Education. Paul Chapman, London.

[35]. Howe-Walsh, L., & Turnbull, S. (2016). Barriers to women leaders in academia: Tales from science and technology. Studies in Higher Education, 41(3), 415-428.

[36]. ILO. (2016). Women at Work.

[37]. ILO. (2018). World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends for Women 2018 Global Snapshot.

[38]. İnandı, Y. (2009). Kadın öğretmenlerin okul müdürü olmaları önündeki engeller. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 36(3), 161-178.

[39]. İnandı, Y., & Tunç, B. (2012). Kadın öğretmenlerin kariyer engelleri ile iş doyum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 203-222.

[40]. İnandi, Y., Özkan, S., Peker, S., & Atik, Ü. (2009). Kadın öğretmenlerin kariyer geliştirme engelleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 77–96.

[41]. Ismail, M., & Ibrahim, M. (2008). Barriers to career progression faced by women: Evidence from a Malaysian multinational oil company. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23(1), 51-66.

[42]. Jarmon, L. (2014). Cracking The Glass Ceiling: A Phenomenological Study of Women Administrators in Higher Education (Doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University, Iowa).

[43]. Jones, S. J., & Palmer, E. M. (2011). Glass ceilings and catfights: Career barriers for professional women in academia. Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, 31, 189-198.

[44]. Kaparou, M., & Bush, T. (2007). Invisible barriers: The career progress of women secondary school principals in Greece. Compare, 37(2), 221-237.

[45]. Kenny, A. (2018). Women in Positions of Influence: Exploring the Leadership Journeys of Irish Women (Doctoral dissertation, Dublin, National College of Ireland).

[46]. Knights, D., & Richards, W. (2003). Sex discrimination in UK academia. Gender, Work & Organization, 10(2), 213-238.

[47]. Krippendorff, K. (1995). On the reliability of unitizing continuous data. Sociological Methodology, 25, 47-76.

[48]. Langford, A. B. (2010). Climbing the Ladder: The Experiences of Women Senior Leaders in Southern Baptist Colleges and Universities (Doctoral dissertation, University of Arkansas).

[49]. McGee, J. M. (2010). To climb or not to climb: The probing of self-imposed barriers that delay or deny career aspirations to be an administrator in a public school system. In Forum on Public Policy Online, 2010(2), 1-22.

[50]. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med, 6(7), e1000097.

[51]. Moorosi, P. (2010). South African female principals' career paths: Understanding the gender gap in secondary school management. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 38(5), 547-562.

[52]. Nguyen, T. L. H. (2013). Barriers to and facilitators of female Deans' career advancement in higher education: An exploratory study in Vietnam. Higher Education, 66(1), 123-138.

[53]. Oakley, J. G. (2000). Gender-based barriers to senior management positions: Understanding the scarcity of female CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, 27(4), 321-334.

[54]. OECD. (2021). Education at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing (pp. 474).

[55]. Oplatka, I. (2006). Women in educational administration within developing countries: Towards a new international research agenda. Journal of Educational Administration, 44(6), 604-624.

[56]. Poulpunitha, S., & Murugan, K. R. (2015). Women administrators: Challenges and achievements in higher education. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(8), 470-473.

[57]. Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2003). Toward a metasynthesis of qualitative findings on motherhood in HIV positive women. Research in Nursing & Health, 26(2), 153-170.

[58]. Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2007). Handbook for Synthesizing Qualitative Research. Springer publishing company.

[59]. Sevüktekin, M. (2014). Türkiye'de kadın istihdamının geleceği. Paradoks Ekonomi Sosyoloji ve Politika Dergisi, 10(2), 52-83.

[60]. Shah, S. J. (2010). Rethinking educational leadership: Exploring the impact of cultural and belief systems. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 13(1), 27-44.

[61]. Shavelson, R. J., & Webb, N. M. (2012). Generalizability theory. In Handbook of Complementary Methods in Education Research (pp. 309-322). Routledge.

[62]. Sibeoni, J., Orri, M., Valentin, M., Podlipski, M. A., Colin, S., Pradere, J., & Revah-Levy, A. (2017). Metasynthesis of the views about treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents: Perspectives of adolescents, parents, and professionals. PloS one, 12(1), e0169493.

[63]. Simpson, R., Sturges, J., Woods, A., & Altman, Y. (2004). Career progress and career barriers: Women MBA graduates in Canada and the UK. Career Development International, 9(5), 459-477.

[64]. Tanrısevdi, F., Sarpkaya, P. Y., & Sarpkaya, R. (2019). Eğitim örgütlerindeki kadın yöneticilerin cam tavan deneyimleri. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(4), 1590-1617.

[65]. Tong, A., Flemming, K., McInnes, E., Oliver, S., & Craig, J. (2012). Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 12(181), 1-8.

[66]. Tuik. (2020). İşgücü İstatistikleri.

[67]. Van Der Lippe, T. & Van Dijk, L. (2002). Women's employment in a comparative perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 28(1), 221-241.

[68]. Vella, R. (2022). Leadership and women: The space between us. Narrating the stories of senior female educational leaders in Malta. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(1), 121-139.

[69]. Vlasblom, J. D., & Schippers, J. J. (2004). Increases in female labour force participation in Europe: Similarities and differences. European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, 20, 375-392.

[70]. Yılmaz, A., Kandak, M., Demir, E., Çelik, A., Kaya, H., & Demir, M. (2021). Eğitim alaninda kadin yöneticilerin kariyer engellerinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Mesleki ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (5), 90-104.

[71]. Yılmaz, K., & Altınkurt, Y. (2012). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişki. Kastamonu Education Journal, 20(2), 385-402.

Career Barriers of Female Education Administrators: Systematic Review and a Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

Abstract

Keywords

How to Cite this Article?

References

If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Options for accessing this content:

	North Americas,UK, Middle East,Europe		India	Rest of world
	USD	EUR	INR	USD-ROW
Pdf	35	35	200	20
Online	35	35	200	15
Pdf & Online	35	35	400	25