The advent of Software-Defined Optical Networking (SDON) and its integration into Elastic Optical Networks (EON) have significantly advanced the evolution of communications networks. In the context of elastic optical environments, this paper provides a thorough comparison of SDON and conventional optical networks. The goal of the study is to examine the unique traits, benefits, and difficulties of these two network technologies in order to highlight their individual potentials in contemporary communication infrastructures. This paper consists of comparison of SDON, SDN and NFV technologies. The paper concludes by looking at potential directions for future research and development in SDON and EON. The results of this comparative analysis highlight the growing role that SDON is playing in reshaping the telecom industry and present a vision for a more flexible and effective communication infrastructure.