i-manager Publications

Maximizing Solar-Powered Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles in Residential and Parking Areas: A Case Study in Optimal Scheduling

Jayababu Badugu*, G. Nageswara Reddy**, K. Vimala Kumar***

* Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vignan's Lara Institute of Technology and Science, Vadlamudi, India.

** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, YSR Engineering College of Yogi Vemana University, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

*** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUN, Narasaraopet, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Periodicity:April - June'2023
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.16.4.19772

Abstract

The expectation of a huge number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) into the market creates multiple technical problems. The power system is at risk due to the unsecured and unreliable operation resulting from unplanned charging and discharging. The unplanned EV charging and discharging change the load profile of the electric grid. Hence, it is required to develop an effective scheduling scheme for charging and discharging EVs. This research focuses on the minimization of the charging cost of a large number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a residential area and parking station. When a huge number of EVs are aggregated in the residential and parking stations, charging and discharging power should be a significant and viable contributor to the power grid. V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) technology offers additional potential benefits to improve power quality and also system reliability. EVs can also supply G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) power through the discharge of the battery, which benefits both EV owners and electric utilities. It is very difficult to schedule the configurations of EV charging and discharging in an optimized way so as to decrease the charging cost of EVs. The usage of renewable energy sources like solar Photovoltaic (PV) power, reduces the burden on the grid. The solar PV systems are likely to have significant surplus power during the daytime. In this research, optimal charging and discharging scheduling schemes for EVs are developed and the proposed work is carried out under the MATLAB environment with and without Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The realistic load data is collected from Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (APTRANSCO), India and the solar data is taken from the Indian Solar Resource Data website. The effectiveness of the scheduling scheme is rated according to its capability to reduce the total cost. Extensive simulation studies have been performed on the distribution system under consideration and the results have been presented. The results demonstrate that the charging cost of EVs can be reduced significantly with the use of solar PV power.

Keywords

Electric Vehicles (EVs), Solar Power, V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid), G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle), Optimal Scheduling.

How to Cite this Article?

Badugu, J., Reddy, G. N., and Kumar, K. V. (2023). Maximizing Solar-Powered Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles in Residential and Parking Areas: A Case Study in Optimal Scheduling. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering , 16(4), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.16.4.19772

References

[1]. Esmaili, M., & Goldoust, A. (2015). Multi-objective optimal charging of plug-in electric vehicles in unbalanced distribution networks. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 73, 644-652.

[2]. Farhoodnea, M., Mohamed, A., Shareef, H., & Zayandehroodi, H. (2013). Power quality impacts of highpenetration electric vehicle stations and renewable energy-based generators on power distribution systems. Measurement, 46(8), 2423-2434.

[3]. Farzin, H., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., & Moeini-Aghtaie, M. (2016). A practical scheme to involve degradation cost of lithium-ion batteries in vehicle-to-grid applications. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 7(4), 1730-1738.

[4]. He, Y., Venkatesh, B., & Guan, L. (2012). Optimal scheduling for charging and discharging of electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3(3), 1095-1105.

[5]. Honarmand, M., Zakariazadeh, A., & Jadid, S. (2014). Optimal scheduling of electric vehicles in an intelligent parking lot considering vehicle-to-grid concept and battery condition. Energy, 65, 572-579.

[6]. Hutson, C., Venayagamoorthy, G. K., & Corzine, K. A. (2008, November). Intelligent scheduling of hybrid and electric vehicle storage capacity in a parking lot for profit maximization in grid power transactions. In 2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference (pp. 1-8). IEEE.

[7]. Lee, W., Xiang, L., Schober, R., & Wong, V. W. (2014). Electric vehicle charging stations with renewable power generators: A game theoretical analysis. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6(2), 608-617.

[8]. Lopes, J. P., Almeida, P. R., & Soares, F. J. (2009, June). Using vehicle-to-grid to maximize the integration of intermittent renewable energy resources in islanded electric grids. In 2009 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (pp. 290-295). IEEE.

[9]. Ma, Z., Callaway, D., & Hiskens, I. (2010, September). Decentralized charging control for large populations of plug-in electric vehicles: Application of the Nash certainty equivalence principle. In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (pp. 191-195). IEEE.

[10]. Mwasilu, F., Justo, J. J., Kim, E. K., Do, T. D., & Jung, J. W. (2014). Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 34, 501-516.

[11]. Qian, K., Zhou, C., & Yuan, Y. (2015). Impacts of high penetration level of fully electric vehicles charging loads on the thermal ageing of power transformers. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 65, 102-112.

[12]. Richardson, D. B. (2013). Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 19, 247-254.

[13]. Saber, A. Y., & Venayagamoorthy, G. K. (2009, July). Optimization of vehicle-to-grid scheduling in constrained parking lots. In 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (pp. 1-8). IEEE.

[14]. Saber, A. Y., & Venayagamoorthy, G. K. (2010). Plugin vehicles and renewable energy sources for cost and emission reductions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58(4), 1229-1238.

[15]. Shafie-Khah, M., Heydarian-Forushani, E., Osório, G. J., Gil, F. A., Aghaei, J., Barani, M., & Catalão, J. P. (2015). Optimal behavior of electric vehicle parking lots as demand response aggregation agents. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 7(6), 2654-2665.

[16]. Shi, W., Xie, X., Chu, C. C., & Gadh, R. (2014). Distributed optimal energy management in microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6(3), 1137-1146.

[17]. Sundström, O., & Binding, C. (2010, July). Optimization methods to plan the charging of electric vehicle fleets. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Control, Communication and Power Engineering (pp. 28-29).

[18]. Tang, W., Bi, S., & Zhang, Y. J. (2014). Online coordinated charging decision algorithm for electric vehicles without future information. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5(6), 2810-2824.

[19]. Tomić, J., & Kempton, W. (2007). Using fleets of electric-drive vehicles for grid support. Journal of Power Sources, 168(2), 459-468.

[20]. Wang, R., Wang, P., Xiao, G., & Gong, S. (2014). Power demand and supply management in microgrids with uncertainties of renewable energies. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 63, 260- 269.

[21]. Weiller, C. (2011). Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle impacts on hourly electricity demand in the United States. Energy Policy, 39(6), 3766-3778.

If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Single Article

	North Americas,UK, Middle East,Europe		India	Rest of world
	USD	EUR	INR	USD-ROW
Online	15	15

ADD TO CART

Options for accessing this content:

If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.