i-manager Publications

Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous Solution By Ragi Husk Powder As Adsorbent

R. Padma Sree*, D. Krishna**

*Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India.

** Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, AU College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, India.

Periodicity:August - October'2012
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1974

Abstract

Chromium has been widely used in various industries like textile, leather, chemical manufacture, metal finishing, paint industry and many other industries. Since hexavalent chromium is a priority toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical when present in excess, it is very much required to remove chromium from effluents before allowing it to enter any water system or on to land. In the present study, the removal of hexavalent chromium by adsorption on the Ragi husk powder as adsorbent has been investigated in the batch experiments. The agitation time, the adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, initial chromium concentration, temperature and the effect of solution pH are studied. Adsorption mechanism is found to follow Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms. The adsorption behavior is described by a both pseudo first order and second order kinetics. The maximum metal uptake is found to be 43.478 mg/g. The morphology on the surface of adsorbents and also the confirmation of chromium binding on adsorbent surface at different stages were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The results obtained in this study illustrate that Ragi husk powder is an effective and economically viable adsorbent for hexavalent chromium removal from industrial waste water.

Keywords

Adsorption, Batch Technique, Isotherms, Kinetics, Nonconventional Adsorbent, Ragi Husk Powder.

How to Cite this Article?

Krishna, D., and Sree , R. P. (2012). Removal of Chromium From Aqueous Solution by Ragi Husk Powder as Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1974

References

[1]. Aksu, Z., Ozer, D., Ekiz, H.I., Kutsal, T., & Calar, A. (1996). Investigation of Biosorption of Chromium (VI) on Cladophora Crispata in Two-Staged Batch Reactor, Environ.Technol., 17, 215-220.

[2]. Baral, S.S., Das. N., Roy Choudary, G., & Das. S.N. (2009). A preliminary study on the adsorptive removal of Chromium (VI) using seaweed, Hydrilla Verticillata, J.Hazard.Mater., 171, 358-369.

[3]. Bryant, P.S., Petersen, J.N.,Lee, J.M. & Brouns, T.M. (1992). Sorption of heavy metals by untreated red sawdust, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 34, 777.

[4]. Chakravathi, A.K., Chowadary, S.B., Chakrabarty, S., Chakrabarty, T., & Mukherjee, D.C. (1995). Liquid membrane multiple emulsion process of chromium (VI) separation from waste waters, Colloids, Surf.A, 103, 59-71.

[5]. Das, A.K. (2004). Micellar effect on the kinetics and mechanism of chromium (VI) oxidation of organic substrates, Coord, Chem. Rev. 248, 81.

[6]. Freundlich, H. (1907). Veber die adsorption in loesungen (adsorption in solution), Z. Phys. Chem. 57, 385.

[7]. Ghosh, P. (2009). Hexavalent chromium (VI) removal by acid modified waste activated carbons, J. Hazard. Mater., 171, 116-122.

[8]. Gomez, V. & Callo, M.P. (2006). Chromium determination and speciation since 2000, Trends. Anal. Chem., 25, 1006-1015.

[9]. Gupta, S., & Babu, B.V. (2009). Utilization of waste product (Tamarind seeds) for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions: Equilibrium, kinetics and regeneration studies, J. Environ. Man. 90, 3013-3022.

[10]. Hall, K.E., Eagleton, L.C., Acrivos. A., & Vermeulen, T. (1996). Pore and solid diffusion kinetics in fixed bed adsorption under constant pattern conditions, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 5, 212-223.

[11]. Hamdaoui, O., & Naffrechoux, E. (2007). Modeling of adsorption isotherms of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon. Part I. Two parameter models and equations allowing determination of thermodynamic parameters, J. Hazard. Mater., 147, 381-394.

[12]. Hasan, S.H., Singh, K.K., Prakash, O., Talat, M. & Ho, Y.S. (2008). Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions using agricultural waste maize bran, J. Hazard. Mater. 152, 356-365.

[13]. Huang, S.D., Fann, C.F., & Hsiech, H.S. (1982). Foam separation of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution, J.Colloid.Interface.Sci., 89, 504-513.

[14]. Khan, S.A. & Riaz-ur-Rehman-Khan, M.A. (1995). Adsorption of chromium (III), chromium (VI) and silver (I) on bentonite, Waste Man., 15, 271-282.

[15]. Kobya, M. (2004). Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto hazelnut shell activated carbon: Kinetic and equilibrium studies, Bioresour. Technol. 91, 317-321.

[16]. Kongsricharoern, N., & Polprasert, C. (1996). Chromium removal by a bipolar electro-chemical precipitation process, Water. Sci. Technol. 34, 109-116.

[17]. Kowalshi, Z. (1994). Treatment of chromic tannery wastes, J. Hazard Mater., 39, 137-144.

[18]. Langmuir, I. (1918). Adsorption of gases on glass, Mica, and Platinum, J.Am.Chem.Soc. 40, 1361-1403.

[19]. Li, H., Li, Z., Liu, T., Xiao, X., Peng, Z. & Deng, L. (2008). A novel technology for biosorption and recovery hexavalent chromium in wastewater by bio-functional magnetic beads, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 6271-6279.

[20]. Mckay, G. Otterburn & Sweny, A.G. (1981). Surface mass transfer processes during color removal from effluent using silica, Water Res., 15, 327-331.

[21]. Mohan, D., & Jr. Pittman, C.U. (2006). Activated carbon and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri-and hexavalent chromium from water, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 762-811.

[22]. Namasivayam, C., & Ranganathan, K. (1993). Waste Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide as adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution and chromium plating industry waste water, Environ. Pollut, 82, 255-261.

[23]. Nasernejad, B., Zadeh, E., Bonakdar, T, Pour, B, Esmaail Bygi, M., & Zamani, A. (2005). Comparison for biosorption modeling of heavy metals (Cr (III), Cu(II), Zn(II)) adsorption from wastewaters by carrot residues, Process Biochemistry, 40, 1319-1322.

[24]. Pagilla, K.R., & Canter, L.W. (1999). Laboratory studies on remediation of Chromium –contaminated soils, J.Environ.Eng, 125, 243-248.

[25]. Park, D., Yun, Y.S., & Park, J.M. (2010). The past, present and, and future trends of biosorption, Biotechnol. Bioprocess. Eng, 15, 86-102.

[26]. Potgieter, J.H., Potgieter, S.S., Vermaak, S.S., & Kalibantonga, P.D. (2006). Heavy metals removal from solution by palygorskite clay, Minerals Engineering, 19, 463-470.

[27]. Pradan, J., Das, S.N. & Thakur, R.S. (1999). Adsorption of hexavalent Chromium from aqueous solution by using activated red mud, J. Colloid. Interface. Sci, 217,137-141.

[28]. Qaiser, S. (2009). Biosorption of lead (II) and chromium (VI) on groundnut hull: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study, Electronic journal of Biotechnology, 12.

[29]. Seaman, J.C., Bertsch, P.M., & Schwallie, L. (1999). In-Situ Cr (VI) reduction within coarse – textured oxide-coated soil and aquifer systems using Fe (II) solutions, Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 938-944.

[30]. Shafey, E.I. (2005). Behavior of reduction-sorption of chromium (VI) from an aqueous solution on a modified sorbent from rice husk, Water Air & Soil Pollution. 163, 81-102.

[31]. Sharma, A., & Bhattacharya, K.G. (2004). Adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by Azadirachta indica (Neem leaf powder), J. Hazard. Mater., B 113, 97.

[32]. Sikaily, A.E.,. Nemr, A.E., Khaled, A. & Abdelwahab, O. (2007). Removal of toxic chromium from waste water using green alga Ulva lactuca and its activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., 148, 216-228.

[33]. Song, W.X., Zhong, L.H. & Rong, T.S. (2009). Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using walnut hull, J. Environ. Man., 90, 721-729.

[34]. Srivastava, S.K., Gupta, V.K., & Mohan, D. (1997). Removal of lead and chromium by activated slag-blast-furnace waste, J. Environ. Engg, 123, 461-468.

[35]. Tempkin, M.J., & Pyzhev, V. (1940). Recent modifications to Langmuir Isotherms, Acta Physiochim. URSS, 12, 217-222.

[36]. Tiravanti, G., Petruzzelli, D., & Passino, R. (1997). Pretreatment of tannery wastewaters by an ion-exchange process for Cr (III) removal and recovery, Water. Sci. Technol. 36, 197-207.

[37]. Veglio, F., & Beolchini, F. (1997). Removal of metals by biosorption: a review, Hydrometallurgy. 44, 301-316.

[38]. Venkateswarlu, P., Ratnam, M.V., Rao, D.S. & Rao, M.V. (2007). Removal of chromium from an aqueous solution using Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder as an adsorbent, Intl. J. Phys. Sci., 2, 188-195.

[39]. Volesky, B. & Holan, Z.R. (1995). Biosorption of heavy metals, Biotechnol. Prog. 11, 235-250.

[40]. Weber, W.J. & Jr. Morris, J.C. (1963). Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution, J. Sanit. Eng. Div. AMSE, 89, 31-59.

[41]. World Health Organization. (2004). Guidelines for drinking water quality, 3rd ed., Genrva, 1, 334.

[42]. Zhou, X., Korenaga, T., Takahashi, T Moriwake & T Shinoda, S. (1993). A process monitoring/controlling system for the treatment of waste water containing (VI), Water Res. 27, 1049.

Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous Solution By Ragi Husk Powder As Adsorbent

Abstract

Keywords

How to Cite this Article?

References

If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Options for accessing this content:

	North Americas,UK, Middle East,Europe		India	Rest of world
	USD	EUR	INR	USD-ROW
Pdf	35	35	200	20
Online	35	35	200	15
Pdf & Online	35	35	400	25