Periodontal diseases have been present since the beginning of human history1. Evidence of periodontal disease dates back to ancient Egyptian and Middle Eastern cultures through skeletal and written records2. However, systematic or therapeutic approaches did not exist until the Middle Ages, and modern treatment with a scientific basis and sophisticated instrumentation did not develop until the 18th century. Prior to the 1950s, diseases of the teeth were treated by root debridement and extraction of affected teeth. Before the 1970s, the symptoms of periodontal diseases were treated with the goal of radical elimination of the periodontal pocket through procedures such as gingivectomy, flap procedures, and osseous surgery. In the 1980s, control of subgingival infection by means of scaling and root planing with or without antibiotics was introduced. Currently, it is expected that clinicians will be presented with new possibilities, as a paradigm shift is inevitable for periodontal practice in the new millennium. This strongly suggests that by the end of the first quarter of the twenty-first century, local delivery of antimicrobials, growth and differentiation factors, and root biomodification agents will have a major impact on the practice of periodontics13. The history of implant dentistry spans not only decades but millennia. Ancient cultures around the world, including Egypt, Honduras, China, and Turkey, among others, replaced missing teeth with shells, stones, ivory, and other human or animal15 teeth. The establishment of metal replacements for teeth is a relatively recent development. Researchers also suggest that lasers could be applied for dental treatments, including periodontal, restorative, and surgical16 treatments. Another fascinating technique of periodontal microsurgery is an evolution of surgical17 procedures to permit reduced trauma. The application of plastic surgical principles to periodontal tissues comprises the field of periodontal plastic surgery. It has progressed to become an inevitable part of periodontal practice.