i-manager Publications

The Mediating Role of Unconditional Self-Acceptance in the Relationship between Perceived Parental Attitudes and Forgiveness among University Students

Ezgi Çağlar*, Sinem Evin Akbay**

* Ezgi Psychological Counseling Center, Hatay, Turkey.

** Mersin University, Turkey.

Periodicity:January - March'2023
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.16.3.19101

Abstract

The aim of the current study is to analyze the mediating role of unconditional self-acceptance in the relationship between perceived parental attitudes and forgiveness levels among university students. 1179 (753 females, 426 males) university students studying at Mersin University constitute the sample group for the study. Data was collected using the Volunteer Participant Form, the Parental Attitude Scale, the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Scale, and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale. Pearson correlation, descriptive statistics, an ordinary least squares regression-based approach, and the Bootstrap method were used to analyze the data. The results of the study found that there is a partial mediating role for unconditional self-acceptance in the relationship between perceived parental attitudes (authoritative, protective, and authoritarian) and forgiveness among university students. The mediating models tested in the study were also found to be statistically significant (p<.001). It was found that there is a significant mediating role of unconditional selfacceptance in the relationship between perceived authoritative parental attitudes and forgiveness levels of university students (F(2-1176)= 164.45, p<.001). The total variance explained by authoritative parental attitude and unconditional self-acceptance in the study is 47%. Similarly, it was found that there is a statistically significant mediating role of unconditional self-acceptance in the relationship between perceived protective parental attitudes and forgiveness levels of university students (F(2-1176)=163.54, p<.001), explaining 47% of the total variance. Lastly, it was concluded that the authoritarian parental attitude model is significant (F(2-1176)=158.51, p<.001), and that the authoritarian parental attitude and unconditional self-acceptance variables together explain 46% of the total variance in the study. The results were discussed and evaluated within the context of the research, and suggestions were made for further research to examine relevant variables.

Keywords

Perceived Parental Attitude, Unconditional Self-Acceptance, Forgiveness, Students.

How to Cite this Article?

Çağlar, E., and Akbay, S. E. (2023). The Mediating Role of Unconditional Self-Acceptance in the Relationship between Perceived Parental Attitudes and Forgiveness among University Students. i-manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology, 16(3), 32-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.16.3.19101

References

[1]. Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4, 1-103.

[2]. Baumrind, D. (1973). The development of instrumental competence through socialization. In Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, 7, 3-46.

[3]. Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95.

[4]. Baymur, F. (1990). Çağımızda insan ilişkilerinin artan önemi ve bu hususun eğitimde dikkate alınması. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 1(1), 16-26.

[5]. Berk, L. E. (2006). Child Development. Pearson Education, Boston.

[6]. Bilir, Ş., & Güneysu, S. (1988). Üniversite gençlerinin kendini kabul düzeyine algılanan ana-baba tutumlarının etkisi. Psikoloji Dergisi, 6(22), 127-132.

[7]. Bugay, A., & Demir, A. (2011). Hataya ilişkin özelliklerin başkaları nı affetmeyi yordaması . Turkish Psychological Counseling & Guidance Journal, 4(35), 8-17.

[8]. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal Bilimler Için Veri Analizi El Kitabı : İstatistik, Araştı rma Deseni, SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum. Pegem Akademi, Ankara.

[9]. Çağan, Ç. (2019). Kabul Ilgi Anne Baba Tutumu Ile Internet Bağımlılığı Arasındaki Ilişkide Duygusal Özerkliğin Aracı Rolü (Master's thesis, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü).

[10]. Chamberlain, J. M., & Haaga, D. A. (2001). Unconditional self-acceptance and psychological health. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 19(3), 163-176.

[11]. Cousineau, P. (Ed.). (2011). Beyond Forgiveness: Reflections on Atonement. John Wiley & Sons.

[12]. Darling, N. (1999). Parenting Style and Its Correlates. ERIC Digest, (pp. 1-7).

[13]. Davies, M. F. (2008). Irrational beliefs and unconditional self-acceptance. II. Experimental evidence for a causal link between two key features of REBT. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 26(2), 89-101.

[14]. Dixon, L. J., Earl, K. A., Lutz-Zois, C. J., Goodnight, J. A., & Peatee, J. J. (2014). Explaining the Link between perfectionism and self-forgiveness: The mediating roles of unconditional self-acceptance and rumination. Individual Differences Research, 12(3), 101-111.

[15]. Dwyer, D. (2013). Interpersonal Relationships. Routledge, London.

[16]. Ellis, A. (1977). Psychotherapy and the value of a human being. Handbook of Rational-Emotive Therapy, 1, 99-112.

[17]. Enright, R. D. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development, 1, 123-152.

[18]. Garcia, D., Al Nima, A., & Kjell, O. N. E. (2014). The affective profiles, psychological well-being, and harmony: environmental mastery and self-acceptance predict the sense of a harmonious life. PeerJ, 2, e259.

[19]. Gibbs, N. (2009). The Growing Backlash against Overparenting. Time.

[20]. Gökmen, G., & Çakir, S. G. (2019). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin sosyal bağlilik, duygulari yönetme, yaşam pozisyonlari, temas engelleri ve koşulsuz kendini kabul ile affetme düzeyleri arasindaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Türk Kültür Coğrafyası nda Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 1-7.

[21]. Goldsworthy, S. (2019). A Qualitative Exploration of the Connections among Quality of Relationships with Parent (s), Self-Compassion, and Academic Motivation in Young Adults.

[22]. Gouveia, M. J., Carona, C., Canavarro, M. C., & Moreira, H. (2016). Self-compassion and dispositional mindfulness are associated with parenting styles and parenting stress: The mediating role of mindful parenting. Mindfulness, 7(3), 700-712.

[23]. Grolnick, W. S. (2002). The psychology of parental control: How well-meant parenting backfires. Psychology Press.

[24]. Hargrave, T. D., & Sells, J. N. (1997). The development of a forgiveness scale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 23(1), 41-62.

[25]. Harrison, T. L. (2012). Parenting Styles and Self- Forgiveness: Are Guilt and Shame Mediators? Trevecca Nazarene University.

[26]. Kapıkıran, N. A., & Kapıkıran, Ş. (2010). Koşulsuz kendini kabul ölçeğinin Türk üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Kriz Dergisi, 18(1), 33-44.

[27]. Kuzgun, Y. & Eldeleklioğlu, J. (1999). Ana baba tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 63-68.

[28]. Lavasani, M. G., Borhanzadeh, S., Afzali, L., & Hejazi, E. (2011). The relationship between perceived parenting styles, social support with psychological well-being. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1852-1856.

[29]. LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399-418.

[30]. MacInnes, D. L. (2006). Self esteem and self acceptance: an examination into their relationship and their effect on psychological health. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 13(5), 483-489.

[31]. Maio, G. R., Thomas, G., Fincham, F. D., & Carnelley, K. B. (2008). Unraveling the role of forgiveness in family relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2), 307-319.

[32]. Malone, Y. (2002). Social cognitive theory and choice theory: A compatibility analysis. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 22(1), 10-13.

[33]. McCullough, M. E., Root, L. M., Tabak, B. A., & Witvliet, C. V. O. (2009). Forgiveness. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 427–435). Oxford University Press.

[34]. Meyers, S. A., & Battistoni, J. (2003). Proximal and distal correlates of adolescent mothers' parenting attitudes. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(1), 33-49.

[35]. North, J. (1987). Wrongdoing and forgiveness. Philosophy, 62(242), 499-508.

[36]. Popov, S., Radanović, J., & Biro, M. (2016). Unconditional self-acceptance and mental health in ego-provoking experimental context. Suvremena Psihologija, 19(1), 71-79.

[37]. Richter, J., Richter, G., Eisemann, M., Seering, B., & Bartsch, M. (1995). Depression, perceived parental rearing and self-acceptance. European Psychiatry, 10(6), 290-296.

[38]. Rye, M. S., & Pargament, K. I. (2002). Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(4), 419–441.

[39]. Thelen, M., & Riloff, E. (2002, July). A bootstrapping method for learning semantic lexicons using extraction pattern contexts. In Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2002), 10, 214-221.

[40]. Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., ... & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73(2), 313-360.

[41]. Toussaint, L., Barry, M., Bornfriend, L., & Markman, M. (2014). Restore: The journey toward self-forgiveness: A randomized trial of patient education on self-forgiveness in cancer patients and caregivers. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(2), 54-74.

[42]. Turan, İ. (2012). Temel İstatistik. SPSS Analiz Menüsü, (pp. 1-10).

[43]. Wang, M., & Qi, W. (2017). Harsh parenting and problematic Internet use in Chinese adolescents: Child emotional dysregulation as mediator and child forgiveness as moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 211-219.

[44]. Wright, C. N., Turner, L. A., & McCarty, D. L. (2017). Perceived parenting, self conscious emotions, and forgiveness in college students. Counseling and Values, 62(1), 57-71.