Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Organizational Performance in Ethiopian Private Higher Education Institutions: An Empirical Evidence

Solomon Markos*, Meron Bezabih**
* School of Commerce, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
** School of Business, St. Mary's University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Periodicity:August - October'2022
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.16.2.19064

Abstract

As competition increases, organizations rely more on employees who go beyond the job requirements stipulated in their contractual agreements. Therefore, there is a call for Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Employees who demonstrate organizational citizenship behavior identify themselves with their organization and are willing to go the extra mile to improve organizational performance. In cognizant of this, several scholars are attracted to investigate Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). This study attempts to determine the effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on organizational performances in the context of Ethiopia's private higher education institution by taking St. Mary's University as a case. The target population of this research is the academic staff of the university. A sample of 150 academic staff was selected by employing a simple random sampling technique to collect data through a questionnaire, and 15 department and faculty deans were interviewed. An explanatory design along with a sequential mixed approach has been employed to meet the study objectives. The research findings revealed that altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, and civic virtue behaviors positively and significantly predict organizational performance in higher education. Altruism is found to be the most significant behavior that influences organizational performance in higher education.

Keywords

Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Altruism, Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship, Courtesy, Civic Virtue, Organizational Performance.

How to Cite this Article?

Markos, S., and Bezabih, M. (2022). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Organizational Performance in Ethiopian Private Higher Education Institutions: An Empirical Evidence. i-manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology, 16(2), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.16.2.19064

References

[1]. Abubakar, A., Hilman, H., & Kaliappen, N. (2018). New tools for measuring global academic performance. Sage Open, 8(3),1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018790787
[2]. Arthaud-Day, M. L., Rode, J. C., & Turnley, W. H. (2012). Direct and contextual effects of individual values on organizational citizenship behavior in teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(4), 792–807.
[3]. Asgari, A. S. (2008). The relationship between transformational leadership behaviors, organizational justice, leader-member exchange, perceived organizational support, trust in management and organizational citizenship behaviors. European Journal of Scientific Research, 23(2), 227-242.
[4]. Bateman, T. S. and Organ, D. W. (1983). Job Satisfaction and The Good Soldier: The relationship between Affect and Employee Citizenship. Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 587-595.
[5]. Borman, W. C., Penner, L. A., Allen, T. D., &Motowidlo, S. J. (2001). Personality predictors of citizenship performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9(12), 52-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00163
[6]. Bragger, J. D., Rodriguez-Srednicki, O., Kutcher, E. J., Indovino, L., & Rosner, E. (2005). Work-family conflict, work-family culture, and organizational citizenship behavior among teachers. Journal of Business and psychology, 20(2), 303-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-005-8266-0
[7]. Budiman, A., Anantadjaya, S.P., & Prasetyawati, D. (2014). Does Job Satisfaction Influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior? An Empirical Study in Selected 4-Star Hotels in Jakarta, Indonesia. Review of Integrative Business and Economics, 3(1), 130-149.
[8]. Castro, C. B., Armario, E. M., & Ruiz, D. M. (2004). The influence of employee organizational citizenship behavior on customer loyalty. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15, 27-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230410523321
[9]. Chahal, H. and Mehta S. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB): A conceptual framework in reference to the health care sector. Journal of Services Research, 10 (2), 25-44.
[10]. Chiang, C. F., & Hsieh, T. S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.04.011
[11]. Cooper, D.,& Schindler, P. (2011). Business Research Methods. 11th Ed. McGraw Hill.
[12]. Creswell, J. W. (2009). Mapping the field of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3(2), 95–108.
[13]. Deckop, J. R., McClendon, J. A., & Harris-Pereles, K. L. (1993). The effect of strike militancy intentions and general union attitudes on the organizational citizenship behavior of university faculty. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 6(2), 85–97.
[14]. DiPaola, M. F., & Hoy, W. K. (2005). Organizational citizenship of faculty and achievement of high school students. The High School Journal, 88(3), 35-44.
[15]. Ebrahimpour, H., Zahed, A., Khaleghkhah, A., & Sepehri, M. B. (2011). A survey relation between organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1920-1925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.373
[16]. Ehtiyar, V. R., Aktas Alan, A., & Oemueris, E. (2010). The role of organizational citizenship behavior on university students' academic success. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 16(1), 47-61.
[17]. Farh, J. L., Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1990). Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16(4), 705-721.
[18]. Field, A.P. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. 2nd Ed. Sage Publications.
[19]. George, J. M., & Brief, A. P. (1992). Feeling gooddoing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at workorganizational spontaneity relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112(2), 310.
[20]. Ghosh, R., ReioJr, T. G., & Haynes, R. K. (2012). Mentoring and organizational citizenship behavior: Estimating the mediating effects of organization based self esteem and affective commitment. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23(1), 41-63.
[21]. Hair J. F. (2015). Essentials of Business Research Methods. 5th Ed. New York: Routledge.
[22]. Hui, C., Lam, S. S., & Law, K. K. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: A field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 822.
[23]. Kark, R. (2004). The transformational leader: Who is (s) he? A feminist perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management,17(2),160-176.
[24]. Kernodle, T. A., & Noble, D. (2013). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its importance in academics. American Journal of Business Education (AJBE), 6(2), 235-240.
[25]. Kissi, E., Asare, O. A., Agyekum, K., Agyemang, D. Y., & Labaran, M. (2019). Ascertaining the interaction effects among organisational citizenship behaviour, work overload and employees' performance in the Ghanaian construction industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), 1236-1249.
[26]. Lam, S. S., Hui, C., & Law, K. S. (1999). Organizational citizenship behavior: Comparing perspectives of supervisors and subordinates across four international samples. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(4), 594. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.4.594
[27]. Law, K. S., Wong, C. S., & Chen, Z. G. (2005). The construct of organizational citizenship behaviour: Should we analyze after we have conceptualized?. In Handbook of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Review of Good Soldier Activity in Organizations. Nova Science Publishers Inc.
[28]. Magliocca, L. A., & Christakis, A. N. (2001). Creating transforming leadership for organizational change: The CogniScope System approach. Systems Research and Behavioral Science: The Official Journal of the International Federation for Systems Research, 18(3), 259-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.356
[29]. Malhotra, N., &Birks, D. (2007). Marketing Research: An Applied Approach. Prentice Hall.
[30]. Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D., & Festinger, D. (2005). Essentials of Research Design and Methodology. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
[31]. Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. (1995). Individualism collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2), 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160204
[32]. Nishii, L. H., Lepak, D. P., & Schneider, B. (2008). Employee attributions of the “why” of HR practices: Their effects on employee attitudes and behaviors, and customer satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 61(3), 503-545.
[33]. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill.
[34]. Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington books/DC heath and com.
[35]. Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: It's Construct Clean-Up Time. Human Performance, 10(2), 85-97.
[36]. Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775–802.
[37]. Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006).Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. SAGE Publications, Inc.
[38]. Ozer, M. (2011). A moderated mediation model of the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(6), 1328–1336. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023644
[39]. Paine, J. B., & Organ, D. W. (2000). The cultural matrix of organizational citizenship behavior: Some preliminary conceptual and empirical observations. Human Resource Management Review, 10(1), 45-59.
[40]. Pallant, J. (2002). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. 7th ed. Routledge.
[41]. Pickford, H. C., Joy, G., Hansen, M., & Roll, K. (2016). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Definitions and Dimensions. Mutuality in Business, Briefing Number, 1-16.
[42]. Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual-and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 122–141.
[43]. Podsakoff, P. M., &MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestions for future research. Human Performance, 10(2), 133–151.
[44]. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563.
[45]. Polat, S. (2009). Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) displays levels of the teachers at secondary schools according to the perceptions of the school administrators. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1591-1596.
[46]. Rego, A. & Cunha M.P. (2008). Organizational citizenship behaviors and effectiveness: An empirical study in two small insurance companies. The Service Industries Journal, 28(4), 541-554.
[47]. Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring organizational performance: Towards methodological best practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718-804.
[48]. Rose, K. (2016). Examining organizational citizenship behavior in the context of human resource development: An integrative review of the literature. Human Resource Development Review, 15(3), 295–316.
[49]. Rose, K. J. (2012).Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Higher Education: Examining the Relationships Between Behaviors and Performance Outcomes for Individuals and Institutions. Graduate Theses and Dissertations: University of Arkansas.
[50]. Sadeghi, G., Ahmadi, M., & Yazdi, M. T. (2016). The relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and market orientation in organizations (case study: Agricultural Jihad Organization of Mazandaran Province). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 14(3), 372-379.
[51]. Saunders, Mark N. K, Lewis P. and Thornhil A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students., 8th Ed., Harlow: Pearson Education.
[52]. Schappe, S. P. (1998). The influence of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and fairness perceptions on organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Psychology, 132(3), 277-290.
[53]. Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Beyond individualism/ collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, Ç. Kâğitçibaşi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications (pp. 85–119). Sage Publications, Inc.
[54]. Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
[55]. Sommer, K. L., & Kulkarni, M. (2012). Does constructive performance feedback improve citizenship intentions and job satisfaction? The roles of perceived opportunities for advancement, respect, and mood. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23(2), 177–201.
[56]. Sun, L. Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2007). Highperformance human resource practices, citizenship behavior, and organizational performance: A relational perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558-577.
[57]. Swaminathan, S. & Jawahar, P.D. (2013). Job satisfaction as a predictor of organizational citizenship behavior: An empirical study. Global Journal of Business Research, 7(1),71-80.
[58]. Tabachnick, B. G., &Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. 5th Ed. New York: Allyn and Bacon.
[59]. Taylor, J. (2013). Goal setting in the Australian public service: Effects on psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior. Public Administration Review, 73(3), 453-464. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.25525821
[60]. Turnipseed, D. L., & Vandewaa, E. A. (2012). Relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. Psychological Reports, 110(3), 899-914. https://doi.org/10.2466/01.09.20.21.PR0.110.3.899-914
[61]. Wang, L., Hinrichs, K. T., Prieto, L., & Howell, J. P. (2013). Five dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior: Comparing antecedents and levels of engagement in China and the US. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(1), 115-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9237-1
[62]. Whitman, D. S., Van Rooy, D. L., & Viswesvaran, C. (2010). Satisfaction, citizenship behaviors, and performance in work units: A meta analysis of collective construct relations. Personnel Psychology, 63(1), 41-81.
[63]. Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics, an Introductory Analysis. 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row.
[64]. Yildirim, O. (2014). The impact of organizational communication on organizational citizenship behavior: research findings. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 1095-1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.124
If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

North Americas,UK,
Middle East,Europe
India Rest of world
USD EUR INR USD-ROW
Pdf 35 35 200 20
Online 35 35 200 15
Pdf & Online 35 35 400 25

Options for accessing this content:
  • If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
    Library Recommendation Form
  • If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
  • New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.