To prevent pollution of air, water, and land resources as well as the transfer of dangerous chemicals, waste must be seen as a potential resource, rather than something undesired and unwanted. The pace of trash production rises in tandem with population growth and industrialization. Mismanagement of municipal solid waste (MSW) has negative environmental consequences, puts public health at risk, and raises a number of other socioeconomic problems worth addressing. A well-thought-out decision-making policy will significantly enhance the quality of the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) process. We require well-planned and well-designed municipal waste management systems to correctly anticipate the MSWM system. Many urban and rural regions in India have long struggled with waste management issues. People in rural regions let garbage decay and use it as fertilizer on their agricultural fields. As technology advances, different methods are being used to turn trash into energy. This article focuses on the need for trash to be converted into energy as well as other current techniques.