References
[1]. Anderson, N. J. (2005). L2 learning strategies. In E.
Hinkel (Ed.). Handbook of Research in Second Language
Teaching and Learning (pp. 757–771). New Jersey:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[2]. Cohen, A. D. (2008). Speaking strategies for
independent learning: A focus on pragmatic
performance. In S. Hurd & L. Tim (Eds.). Language
Learning Strategies in Independent Settings (pp.
119–139). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
[3]. Cohen, A. D., & Griffiths, C. (2015). Revisiting LLS
research 40 years later. TESOL Quarterly, 49(2), 414-429.
[4]. Donato, R., & MacCormick, D. (1994). A sociocultural
perspective on language learning strategies: The role of
mediation. The Modern Language Journal, 78(4),
453–464.
[5]. Dongyu, Z., & Du Wanyi, F. (2013). Sociocultural theory
applied to second language learning: Collaborative
learning with reference to the Chinese context.
International Education Studies, 6(9), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n9p165
[6]. Doolittle, P. E., & Camp, W. G. (1999). Constructivism:
The career and technical education perspective. Journal
of Vocational and Technical Education, 16(1) 1–19.
[7]. Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language
Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language
Acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Ealbaum.
[8]. Dreyer, C., & Oxford, R. L. (1996). Learning strategies
and other predictors of ESL proficiency among Afrikaans
speakers in South Africa. In R. L. Oxford (Ed.), Language
Learning Strategies around the World: Cross Cultural
Perspectives (pp. 61–74). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i,
Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center.
[9]. Ellis, R. (2008). The Study of Second Language
Acquisition. New York: Oxford University Press.
[10]. Foley, J., & Thompson, L. (2003). Language
Learning: A Lifelong Process. London: Routledge.
[11]. Foxcroft, C., & Roodt, G. (2018). Introduction to
Psychological Assessment in the South African Context (5th ed.). Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
[12]. Frawley, W., & Lantolf, J. P. (1985). Second language
discourse: A Vygotskyan perspective. Applied Linguistics,
6(1), 19–44.
[13]. Gascoigne, C. (2008). Independent second
language reading as an independent process. In S. Hurd,
& L. Tim (Eds.), Language Learning Strategies in
Independent Settings (pp. 67–83). Bristol: Multilingual
Matters.
[14]. Gredler, M., & Shields, C. (2004). Does no one read
Vygotsky's words? Commentar y on Glassman.
Educational Researcher, 33(2), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033002021
[15]. Gregersen, T., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2014). Capitalizing
on Language Learners' Individuality. From Premise to
Practice. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
[16]. Griffiths, C. (2004). Language-Learning Strategies:
Theory and Research (Vol. 1). AIS St Helens, Centre for
Research in International Education.
[17]. Griffiths, C. (2013). The Strategy Factor in Successful
Language Learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
[18]. Griffiths, C., & Cansiz, G. (2015). Language learning
strategies: An holistic view. , 5(Studies in Second
Language Learning and Teaching3), 473–493. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2015.5.3.7
[19]. Griffiths, C., & Oxford, R. L. (2014). The twenty-first
century landscape of language learning strategies:
Introduction to this special issue. System, 43, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.12.009
[20]. Howie, S., Combrinck, C., Roux, K., Tshele, M.,
Mokoena, G., & Palane, N. M. (2017). PIRLS Literacy 2016:
Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 2016:
South African Children's Reading Literacy Achievement.
Centre for Evaluation and Assessment (CEA), Faculty of
Education, University of Pretoria.
[21]. Hsia, L. H., Huang, I., & Hwang, G. J. (2016). Effects of
different online peer-feedback approaches on students'
performance skills, motivation and self-efficacy in a
dance course. Computers & Education, 96, 55–71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.004
[22]. Hsiao, T. Y., & Oxford, R. L. (2002). Comparing
theories of language learning strategies: A confirmatory
factor analysis. The Modern Language Journal, 86(3),
368-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4781.00155
[23]. Huang, X., & Van Naerssen, M. (1987). Learning
strategies for oral communication. Applied Linguistics,
8(3), 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/8.3287
[24]. Hugo, A. J. (2008). Primary school teachers' opinions
of their ESL learners' language abilities. Journal for
Language Teaching, 42(2), 63–75.
[25]. Kamper, G. D., Mahlobo, E. B., & Lemmer, E. M.
(2003). The relationship between standardised test
performance and language learning strategies in English
second language: A case study. Journal for Language
and Teaching, 37(2), 164–178.
[26]. Kozulin, A., & Presseisen, B. Z. (1992). Mediated
Learning: the contributions of Vygotsky and Feuerstein in
Theory and Practice. In Annual Meeting of the
Educational Research Association, 1-39.
[27]. Lantolf, J. P. (2013). Sociocultural theory: A
dialectical approach to L2 research. In The Routledge
Handbook of Second Language Acquisition (pp. 57-72).
Routledge.
[28]. Lantolf, J. P., & Poehner, M. E. (2014). Sociocultural
Theory and the Pedagogical Imperative in L2 Education:
Vygotskian Praxis and the Research/Practice Divide.
Routledge.
[29]. Lantolf, J. P., Thorne, S. L., & Poehner, M. E. (2014).
Sociocultural theory and second language
development. In Theories in Second Language
Acquisition (pp. 221-240). Routledge.
[30]. Lantolf, J., &Thorne, S. L. (2006). Sociocultural Theory
and the Genesis of Second Language Development.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[31]. McCafferty, S. G. (1994). The use of private speech
by adult ESL learners at different levels of proficiency. In J.
Lantolf, & G. Appel (Eds.), Vygotskian Approaches to
Second Language Research (pp. 117–134). New Jersey:
Ablex Publishing Corporation.
[32]. Moloi, M. Q., & Chetty, M. (2010). The SACMEQ III project in South Africa: A Study of the Conditions of
Schooling and the Quality of Education. Pretoria:
Department of Basic Education.
[33]. Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2001). Changing
perspectives on good language learners. TESOL
Quarterly, 35(2), 307-322. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587650
[34]. O'Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning
Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
[35]. Omair, A. (2015). Selecting the appropriate study
design for your research: Descriptive study designs.
Journal of Health Specialties, 3(3), 153–156.
[36]. Ortega, L. (2013). Second language acquisition. In
J. Simpson (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Applied
Linguistics (pp. 171–184). Abingdon: Routledge/Taylor &
Francis Group.
[37]. Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language Learning Strategies.
What Every Teacher Should Know. New York: Heinle &
Heinle.
[38]. Oxford, R. L. (2003). Language learning styles and
strategies: Concepts and relationships. International
Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 41,
271–278. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2003.012
[39]. Oxford, R. L., & Gkonou, C. (2018). Interwoven:
Culture, language, and learning strategies. Studies in
Second Language Learning and Teaching, 8(2),
403–426. http://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.2.10
[40]. Oxford, R. L., Rubin, J., Chamot, A.U., Schramm, K.,
Lavine, R., Gunning, P., & Nel, C. (2014). The learning
strategy prism: Perspectives of learning strategy experts.
System, 43, 30–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.02.004
[41]. Ozfidan, B., Machtmes, K. L., & Demir, H. (2014).
Socio-cultural factors in second language learning: A
case study of adventurous adult language learners.
European Journal of Educational Research, 3(4),
185–191. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4534.5042
[42]. Pawlak, M., & Kiermasz, Z. (2018). The use of
language learning strategies in a second and third language: The case of foreign language majors. Studies
in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 8(2),
427–443. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.2.11
[43]. Petrogiannis, K., & Gavriilidou, Z. (2015). Strategy
inventory for language learning: Findings of a validation
study in Greece. In C. Mafalda (Ed.), Education
Applications & Developments (pp. 223–236). Portugal:
World Institute for Advanced Research and Science.
[44]. Quek, A., & Alderson, A. (2002). An Activity Theory
Approach to Understanding the Difficulty of Applying Web
Engineering in Practice. Technical report. United
Kingdom: Staffordshire University, School of Computing.
[45]. Rubin, J. (1975). What the “Good Language Learner”
can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9(11), 41–90. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586011
[46]. Sefotho, M. P., & Makalela, L. (2017).
Translanguaging and orthographic harmonisation: A
cross-lingual reading literacy in a Johannesburg school.
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language
Studies, 35(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2016.1272423
[47]. Siedlecki, S. L. (2020). Understanding descriptive
research designs and methods. Clinical Nurse Specialist,
34(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/NUR.0000000000000493
[48]. Soleimani, M., Modirkhamene, S., & Sadeghi, K.
(2017). Peer-mediated vs. individual writing: Measuring
fluency, complexity, and accuracy in writing. Innovation in
Language Learning and Teaching, 11(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2015.1043915
[49]. Spaull, N. (2013). South Africa's Education Crisis. The
Quality of Education in South Africa 1994–2011.
Johannesburg: Centre for Development and Enterprise.
[50]. Spaull, N., & Kotze, J. (2015). Starting behind and
staying behind in South Africa: The case of
insurmountable learning deficits in mathematics.
International Journal of Educational Development, 41,
13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.01.002
[51]. Stern, H. (1975). What can we learn from good
language learners? Canadian Modern Language
Review, 34, 304-318.
[52]. Thorne, S. L., & Tasker, T. (2011). Sociocultural and
cultural-historical theories of language development. In
The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics (pp. 487-500). Routledge.
[53]. Tsuei, M. (2017). Learning behaviours of lowachieving
children's mathematics learning in using of
helping tools in a synchronous peer-tutoring system.
Interactive Learning Environments, 25(2), 147–161.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2016.1276078
[54]. Van Compernolle, R. A. (2014). Sociocultural Theory and L2 Instructional Pragmatics (Vol. 74). Multilingual
Matters.
[55]. Van Staden, S., & Howie, S. (2014). Reflections on
creemers' comprehensive model of educational
effectiveness for reading literacy: South african evidence
from PIRLS 2006. Perspectives in Education, 32(3), 172-192.
[56]. Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in Society:
Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard
university press.
