References
[1]. Alberts, D., & Hess, L. M. (2005). Introduction to cancer
prevention. In Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention, (pp. 4-5). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26337-3_1
[2]. Banning, M., & Hafeez, H. (2010). A two-center study
of Muslim women's views of breast cancer and breast
health practices in Pakistan and the UK. Journal of Cancer
Education, 25(3), 349-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-010-0051-8
[3]. Benito, L., Binefa, G., Lluch, T., Vidal, C., Milà, N., Puig,
M., Roldán, J., & Garcia, M. (2014). Defining the role of
the nurse in population-based cancer screening
programs. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 18(4),
77-83. https://doi.org/10.1188/14.CJON.E77-E83
[4]. Berg, W. A. (2010). Benefits of screening
mammography. JAMA, 303(2), 168-169. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1993
[5]. Caplan, L. (2014). Delay in breast cancer:
implications for stage at diagnosis and survival. Frontiers
in Public Health, 2, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00087
[6]. Fernández-Feito, A., Lana, A., Cabello-Gutiérrez, L.,
Franco-Correia, S., Baldonedo-Cernuda, R., & Mosteiro-
Díaz, P. (2015). Face-to-face information and emotional
support from trained nurses reduce pain during screening
mammography: results from a randomized controlled
trial. Pain Management Nursing, 16(6), 862-870.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2015.07.008
[7]. Ginsburg, O., Bray, F., Coleman, M. P., Vanderpuye, V.,
Eniu, A., Kotha, S. R., ... & Conteh, L. (2017). The global burden of women's cancers: a grand challenge in global
health. The Lancet, 389(10071), 847-860. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31392-7
[8]. International Agency for Research on Cancer.
(2020a). Cancer Today. Retrieved from https://gco.iarc.fr/today/home
[9]. International Agency for Research on Cancer.
(2020b). Cancer Tomorrow. Retrieved from https://gco.iarc.fr/tomorrow/en
[10]. Kanwal, S., Akram, M., Iqbal, S., & Yasmin, T. (2016).
Survival analysis of breast cancer women according to
disease stage. Rawal Medical Journal, 41(1), 77-80.
[11]. Khokher, S., Qureshi, M. U., Mahmood, S., & Sadiq, S.
(2016). Determinants of advanced stage at initial
diagnosis of breast cancer in Pakistan: adverse tumor
biology vs delay in diagnosis. Asian Pacific Journal of
Cancer Prevention, 17(2), 759-765. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.2.759
[12]. Marmot, M. G., Altman, D. G., Cameron, D. A.,
Dewar, J. A., Thompson, S. G., & Wilcox, M. (2013). The
benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: An
independent review. British Journal of Cancer, 108(11),
2205-2240. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.177
[13]. Oluwatosin, A. (2008). The role of Community Health
Nursing in early detection of breast cancer. West African
Journal of Nursing, 19(2), 125-129.
[14]. Raza, S., Sajun, S. Z., & Selhorst, C. C. (2012). Breast
cancer in Pakistan: identifying local beliefs and
knowledge. Journal of the American College of
Radiology, 9(8), 571-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2012.02.020
[15]. Rizwan, A., Saleem, Z., & Sadeeqa, S. (2017). Effect
of family income on knowledge, attitude and practices
regarding breast cancer and its screening methods
amongst women of Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Applied
Pharmaceutical Science, 7(8), 28-33. https://doi.org/110.7324/JAPS.2017.70805
[16]. Shamsi, U., Khan, S., Azam, I., Usman, S., Maqbool, A., Gill, T., ... & Callen, D. (2020). Patient delay in breast
cancer diagnosis in two hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan:
preventive and life-saving measures needed. JCO
Global Oncology, 6, 873-883. https://doi.org/10.1200/GO.20.00034
[17]. Talib, Z., Amersi, F., Harit, A., & Saleh, M. (2019).
Promoting breast cancer awareness and clinical breast
examination in the LMIC: experiences from Tajikistan,
Pakistan and Kenya. Current Breast Cancer Reports, 11(3),
152-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12609-019-00321-7
[18]. The World Bank. (2018). Current Health Expenditure
(% of GDP) - Pakistan. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=PK
[19]. The World Bank. (2019). GNI per Capita, Atlas
Method (current US$) - Pakistan. Retrieved from
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=PK
[20]. World Health Organization. (2021). Breast Cancer:
Prevention and Control. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/cancer/detection/breastcancer/en/
[21]. Zaheer, S., Shah, N., Maqbool, S. A., & Soomro, N. M.
(2019). Estimates of past and future time trends in agespecific
breast cancer incidence among women in
Karachi, Pakistan: 2004–2025. BMC Public Health, 19(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7330-z
[22]. Zaidi, A. A., Ansari, T. Z., & Khan, A. (2012). The
financial burden of cancer: estimates from patients
undergoing cancer care in a tertiary care hospital.
International Journal for Equity in Health, 11(1), 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-11-60
[23]. Zeeshan, S., Ali, B., Ahmad, K., Chagpar, A. B., &
Sattar, A. K. (2019). Clinicopathological features of young
versus older patients with breast cancer at a single
Pakistani institution and a comparison with a national US
database. Journal of Global Oncology, 5, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1200/JGO.18.00208