Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental condition involving challenges in social interaction and communication along with repetitive or restricted behaviors. Unlike in the past, Autistic disorder and Asperger's syndrome are now collectively recognized under ASD by DSM-5 criteria. According to studies, prevalence of ASD is increasing worldwide, and likewise in Pakistan. Genetics and hereditary are important factors to consider when discussing the causes of ASD, particularly due to the fragile X chromosome. The symptoms exhibited include extensive and intense focus on certain numbers and facts, inability to distinguish unimportant information, echolalia, palilalia, unusual response etc. It is important to understand that people with Austism disorder and Asperger's syndrome do not experience similar symptoms. Mind blindness theory, Neurophysiological theory, Bayesian theory and Empathising-systemising (E-S) theory can explain the etiology and symptoms of ASD. The diagnosis of ASD can be done at the age of two by observing the changes in social, play and communication behavior, however, as an individual ages, ASD can be confused with mental disorders leading to challenges in its diagnosis. In Pakistan, health care professionals use DSM-IV criteria for diagnosing this condition. The treatment for ASD are symptomatic interventions which play a significant role in dealing and handling individuals. For this, medication and therapies can be used. Behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy are applied worldwide, however, in Pakistan, psychopharmacological approach is used with minimal focus on therapies. Impact of ASD is not limited to individuals, but also on their families. In Pakistan, due to less budget allocation to health care sector, families face great burden both financially and mentally. Also, due to family therapies and awareness being less common, parents find it challenging to deal with their children and approach faith healers consequently. On the other hand, the competency of health care professionals is also doubtful due to substandard curriculum, less continuing education programs and limited awareness of psychotropic medications. In addition to this, as Pakistan is a developing country with limited resources especially in rural areas, the diagnosis and treatment for ASD remains insufficient. Thus, the Government's contribution plays a vital role in improving the health care services and making it accessible for the population.