References
[1]. Bliss, C. M., & Wanless, S. B. (2018). Development and initial investigation of a self-report measure of teachers' readiness to implement. Journal of Educational Change, 19(2), 269-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-018-9324-5
[2]. Cohen, D. K. (1987). Educational technology, policy, and practice. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 9(2), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737009002153
[3]. Dobo, N. (2016, February). U.S. schools have more computers than ever. But what are they doing with all that (expensive) technology? The Hechinger Report. Retrieved from: http://hechingerreport.org/u-s-schools-have-more-c omputers-than-ever-but-what-are-they-doing-with-all-thatexpensive- technology/
[4]. Ertmer, P. A. (1999). Addressing first- and second-order barriers to change: Strategies for technology integration. Educational Technology Research and Development, 47(4), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299597
[5]. Ertmer, P. A. (2005). Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology integration? Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504683
[6]. Esplin, N. L., Stewart, C., & Thurston, T. N. (2018). Technology leadership perceptions of utah elementary school principals. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 50(4), 305-317.
[7]. Flanagan, L., & Jacobsen, M. (2003). Technology leadership for the twenty-first century principal. Journal of Educational Administration, 41(2), 124-142. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/09578230310464648
[8]. Gray, L., Thomas, N., & Lewis, L. (2010). Teachers' use of educational technology in U.S. public schools: 2009 (Report No. NCES 2010-040). Washington DC, United States: U.S. Department of Education.
[9]. Gürfidan, H., & Koç, M. (2016). The impact of school culture, technology leadership, and support services on teachers' technology integration: A structural equation modeling. Education & Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 41(188), 99-116.
[10]. Hall, J. (2008). Cross-sectional survey design. In P. J. Lavarkas (Ed.), Encyclopedia of survey research methods (pp. 172-173). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947.n120
[11]. Holbrook, A. (2008). Self-reported measure. In P.J. Lavarkas (Ed.), Encyclopedia of survey research methods (pp. 804-805). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. https://doi.org/ 10.4135/9781412963947.n523
[12]. Inan, F. A., & Lowther, D. L. (2010). Factors affecting technology integration in K-12 classrooms: A path model. Educational Technology Research and Development, 58(2), 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-009-9132-y
[13]. Lam, T. C., & Bengo, P. (2003). A comparison of three retrospective self-reporting methods of measuring change in instructional practice. American Journal of Evaluation, 24(1), 65-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214003024001 06
[14]. Lawless, K. A., & Pellegrino, J. W. (2007). Professional development in integrating technology into teaching and learning: Knowns, unknowns, and ways to pursue better questions and answers. Review of Educational Research, 77(4), 575-614. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654307309921
[15]. Levin, B. B., & Schrum, L. (2013a). Technology-rich schools up close. Educational Leadership, 70(6), 51-55.
[16]. Levin, B. B., & Schrum, L. (2013b). Using systems thinking to leverage technology for school improvement: Lessons learned from award-winning secondar y schools/districts. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 46(1), 29-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/1539152 3.2013.10782612
[17]. Levin, B. B., & Schrum, L. (2014). Lessons learned from secondar y schools using technology for school improvement: It's just not that simple! Journal of School Leadership, 24, 640-665. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052684 61402400403
[18]. Maranto, R., Carroll, K., Cheng, A., & Teodoro, M. P. (2018). Boys will be superintendents: School leadership as a gendered profession. Phi Delta Kappan, 100(2), 12-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721718803563
[19]. Molnar, M. (2019, March). U.S. K-12 market for mobile devices remains flat; only 2% growth in 2018. Edweek Market Brief. Retrieved from https://marketbrief.edwe ek.org/marketplace-k-12/u-s-k-12-market-mobile-devicesremains- flat-2-percent-growth-2018/
[20]. Morstatter, F., & Liu, H. (2017). Discovering, assessing, and mitigating data bias in social media. Online Social Networks and Media, 1, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. osnem.2017.01.001
[21]. Mundfrom, D. J., Shaw, D. G., & Ke, T. L. (2005). Minimum sample size recommendations for conducting factor analyses. International Journal of Testing, 5(2), 159- 168. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327574ijt0502_4
[22]. Nagel, D. (2014). One-third of US students use schoolissued mobile devices. The Journal. Retrieved from https:// thejournal.com/articles/2014/04/08/a-third-of-secondarystudents- use-school-issued-mobile-devices.aspx
[23]. National Center for Educational Statistics. (2018, April). Characteristics of public school teachers. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_clr.asp
[24]. Pautz, S., & Sadera, W. A. (2017). Leadership practice in a one-to-one computing initiative: Principals' experiences in a technology driven, second-order change. Computers in the Schools, 34(1-2), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/07 380569.2017.1296314
[25]. Pertl, M. M., & Hevey, D. (2010). Exploratory data analysis. In N.J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of research design (pp. 455-458). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. https:// doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n143
[26]. Petko, D., Prasse, D., & Cantieni, A. (2018). The interplay of school readiness and teacher readiness for educational technology integration: A structural equation model. Computers in the Schools, 35(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10. 1080/07380569.2018.1428007
[27]. Purcell, K., Buchanan, J., & Friedrich, L. (2013). How teachers are using technology at home and in their classrooms. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https:// pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Teachers-and-technology
[28]. Schrum, L., Galizio, L. M., & Ledesma, P. (2011). Educational leadership and technology integration: An investigation into preparation, experiences, and roles. Journal of School Leadership, 21(2), 241-261. https://doi. org/10.1177/105268461102100205
[29]. Tondeur, J., van Braak, J., Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit- Leftwich, A. (2017). Understanding the relationship between teachers' pedagogical beliefs and technology use in education: A systematic review of qualitative evidence. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(3), 555-575.
[30]. Zhao, Y., & Frank, K. A. (2003). Factors affecting technology uses in schools: An ecological perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 40(4), 807-840. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312040004807
